crew resourse management
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CREW RESOURSE
MANAGEMENT
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OVERVIEW
Inadequate communicationbetween crew members.
Breakdown in teamwork in theaircraft.
Improper planning of flightduties.
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DEFINITION
CRM can be defined as a
management system which makes
optimum use of all availableresources - equipment, procedures
and people - to promote safety and
enhance the efficiency of flight
operations.
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CRM DEFINED
CRM encompasses a wide range ofknowledge, skills and attitudes
including communications,
situational awareness, problem
solving, decision making, and
teamwork; together with all theattendant sub-disciplines which each
of these areas entails.
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COGNITIVE SKILLS
The process of obtainingknowledge through thought,
experience, and the senses.
It means to think deeply on
knowing or apprehending by the
understanding of something.
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COGNITIVE SKILLS R CLASSIFIED SITUANIAL AWARENESS
SA relates to consciousrecognition of all d factorssuch as op ,tech & humanthat effect the safe
operation of an a/c.
Human being take in infothru 5 senses:
Touch
Hearing
Smell
Sigh
Taste
PLANNING & DECISSIONMAKING
The main of CRM is to ensuredat the high quality of decisionmaking are take across the
whole flight operation.
EG.- Before a flight takes off it isnot only the Capt who lookafter the safety standards in the
cockpit bt the CC also who wilhave to chek the safety equip intheir respective zone/area.s
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INTERPERSONAL SKILLSCOMMUNICATION
Crew member should
be able to
Communicate clearly.
Listen & respond
actively
Support each other
Share their idea &
suggestion
Manage conflict easily
TEAM WORK
Teamwork is action
performed by
a team towards a
common goal. Ateam is consist of
more than one
person with differentresponsibilities.
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BEHAVIOURAL MARKERS
This training concentrates mostly on how to deal withan emergency, where a laid down procedure can beput into action.
Few of them take their training where there is noprocedure to call upon.
Even fewer try to assess their personnels competencein managing a crisis.
It also allow for a standard approach to the currentproblem of:
Assessment
Feedback
Further training of individual crew members.
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INFORMATION PROCESSING
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MOTOR PROGRAMMES
If a task is performed often enough, it
may eventually become automatic and
the required skills and actions are storedin long term memory. These are known
as motor programmes and are ingrained
routines that have been establishedthrough practice.
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STRESS MANAGEMENT
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STRESS
The word `stress` is "a state of affair
involving demand on physical or
mental energy". A condition orcircumstance which can disturb the
normal physiological and
psychological functioning of an
individual.
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WORKLOAD MANAGEMENT
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WORKLOAD
Human being have a limited physical & mental
capacity to deal with work. Workload Management is
the process of evenly distributing activities by
planning, prioritizing and assigning tasks to individual
within your team.Workload Management is concerned with:
The proper allocation or delegation of tasks and
duties.
Prioritization of tasks, especially during periods of
high workload.
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ERROR MANAGEMENT
CRM uses what is known about
human error and combines it
with accident analyses andcritical incident reports to
develop methods to reduce theincidence and consequences of
human error to a minimum.
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MITIGATE
ERROR
TRAP ERROR
AVOID ERROR
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AVOID ERRORS REDUCE THE
OPPORTUNITY FOR ERROR.
TRAP ERRORS DETECT ERRORS WHENTHEY OCCUR.
MITIGATE ERRORS ELIMINATE OR
LESSEN THE CONSEQUENCES OF ERROR.
CRM advocates
ERROR MANAGEMENT to :
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AVOID ERRORS
Briefings Complete pre-flight and in-flight crewbriefings.
Checklists Proper completion of all checklists.
Call-outs Critical avionic settings and flight data
call-outs. Checking - Cross-checking with read back by
another crew member.
Procedures - Strict adherence to StandardOperating Procedures (SOPs).
Phraseology - Use of standard phraseology inclear, unambiguous messages