Children First bnbwqH o<gT      The  Aboriginal  Advisor’s  Report  on  the  status  of  Aboriginal  child  welfare  in  Ontario    .o<gy<hiM> h ytuen,G .fcvenmU h m<com;vH bnbwq

hxtbvH .Ud#.    Presented  to  the  Honourable  Laurel  Broten,  Minister  of  Children  and  Youth  Services      h jv .jyhgH bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmp jv .jy> p%!U

A$fU  

 

 

Advisor’s foreword h ytuen,G .fcvenmU    h gnhjjcU 2009] Uj av Ugn,ot;nmg" jv bwvpnmkU .Ud#. jv .jy>] P%$U

A$gU] bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmoH i<g yh . o<gy<hiM> h ytuen,G h

mgxkU .g bnbwq i<g .EhfK xtmn,nmoHN    q;V ep Usv av bcfMhdU .y snm bs<lnmU] ,; yh gwi oyEhn,dU jv

pphvmvH bnbwqH jv hkroevH h mw hpn,otvH i<g jv tucongonbj

xtmn,nmp .o<gy<hiMnbH h .v pphgn,otvH .Ud#. jv .jyH .vN

 ncyw yh .fohnmkcU .g bs<lnmoH] Uj pgn, j<lodU giwpnhH .y bcfMnmU

,; yh hEnh .fohnmkU] Uj pj<hnbnbH bn,ohpH mgnmoH] tMn, h bmwpnhooj

.gcfMnmonbnb i<g h oho<gjH bs<lnmp bnbwq i<g .EhfK h xtbvH

nmvmn,nmoH mdl .Ud#.N ,nho yh hf j<logyU p<xV , botpnhH .y

bcfMnmU i<g tFG lnhp l bf uvgonbj] boy akH ,h h j<lovhdH nev ,

gwvH bnbwqH .g h .v phgn,otvH bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH hpn,UvlnmoHN q;V

yh .o<gy<hiMnbH hj .fohdj ynbsMpmhU ,gwvH moonbH .g .Ud#. 2006]

(s A%?G) 2% gwnb;cU moonbH .y xAU] ep Jj j j<lovhd> gi nev ,gwnbnl

bnbwqH h pphvmvH xtmn,nmoH ,nho x; ,w j<lovhdH nbLE (10, 20%) ,gjvlnmoHN ep jfx nmvhd> nev mgwnbnl .g bnbwqH h .v phgn,otvH] ,h

.v x; ,nmofJvH .ojm;ynbH i<g ,h ,nmgjH h .g<hiMvH i<g yh .g h

.v phgn,otvH moonbH bill 210, ep .v hnlvyhonbnpH l; mg<hiMnmoH n,vnbnl i<g jkxV ,nho ,svhdHN    2006 xAU] bcfMnm mgQn,nmU hj p<;esvhd;ci .g Bill-210 bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnm bs<lnmU ynhMpmhU .Ud#.N b<h> ,nho ,wohvhdH .y bs<lnmU

bo<;covlnmU h mw oxdMpdj h bcfMhvhdj] cLdpnhU .g h mg<gonbj

bs<lnmp i<g h mw bkvcongonbj , uvgonbj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp i<g yh

ep fcjvhdj gi l mwp;gonbj pph> m<conb h .v uvgonbj (ak;dnmMnmp

h bmwpnhj) bom i<g fc<;olnmoH h .v uvgonbj] h .v i<xv cjfoG h

.v phgn,otG bnbwE (.nb;yhp h pphvm;G i<g x; ;gjk ak;dnmMnmoH h

i<xv .fo;G) .. pph> h bmwpnhj h .v pphgn,otvH bnbwqHN mgQn,nmU

Bill 120, Ugn,og;MnbH h pphvbvH bnbwq jv hnlvlevH jq<xU bnb bnbwE moonmnl gUd n,g<hiMnl q;V yh] ep gna ,Enhtuco> .y .v h mw

pphgn,otvH bnbwqH i<g .EhfKHN

 hj mw bwvpnmkU h mw bktgonbj bs<lnmp xAuH] p<xV Uj nmvm;U i<g Uj

j<juby;U t<gm] p<xV t<gm Uj oMsdU boy h boevhdjcU ”60’s Scoop” U;ngJtgp h mgMpdj xAp nhcmlnmU] ep Uj<lodg" lnhU h boevhd;ci]

,nlvho mvhd;ci h .fongcU moonm bnbwqH nmjnbH .v , phgvH

.ojm;nbnb i<g .fgnmonb> ,; yh nhg> ,j mw cjfovH jv hpn,otvH i<g

i<xv , cjfovH l mw hpn,otvH n,t<f;wnb , hpn,ot;vH i<g yh b<h> j

mjU yUdnm b<jH bhtjvhtH ,jfwvq.vH jv hpn,otvHN    moonm ynbsMpmhoH .g hpg jv .jy> h .v pphgn,otG Qokojy> i<g

jn,fuH bs<lnmp buV nmp h mvhdH (.o<gy<hiMnbH bs<lnmp i<g jn,fuH h

uvgonbj bs<lnmp) ,nho h mw t<jhdH bnbMd 11]000 moonm bnbwqH ,j

i<xv .fovH h mw hpn,oyfcipH 1960 xoE 1990 xApN ,nho yh ,w

gnaLovhdH bnbMd bo tFG j .fphonbnpH moonm bnbwqH ep x; gna

j<lovhd> gUgs ,gwnbnlN .g hj av mw boetvH bnbwqH hj .fovH 11]000]

?xUf A%?G 70% j i<xv .fphonbnpH n,t<f;wnm bn,ohpH , i<xv hpn,ot;vHN ,; tp hj mw t<hdj lnhp bnbwqH .fcve;MnmonbH] j t<jhd>

h mfvH hj.fovH p<xV ,j nbogvH h .g<hiMvH] moonm mwvlnmp i<g ,h

, j<logjH gUd n,vvH] ,; x; n,t<f;wnm xyfMnmoo> , j<logjH hj av

mwp;gvH n,EhV hj av g;wjH h nbxMvHN hj mgMpmlG Us;uU h uvgG

fcvenmp @xU MHjI%] |mg<hiMnmU hj nbogonbH i<g t<jhdH] hj .v

j<juby;ponbH hj mjU bom xAp U;ngJtgp h mgMpdj] U;ngJtgp xAp

ynbsolnmU h mw mwohgjH| 2007N akH yh yMpmhp h yMpbG] p<xV ,

yklogjH h .g<hiMvH .; bnbwqH hj av sghnmkH n,EhV ,h jpp> hj

bktgkH lnhp h m<com;kH ,nho ,wpnhooH hj mw i<xv .fovH moonm

bnbwqHN    tp ;gH mgnhU lnhU l uJimhdjcU gx<;V hj mw .fpyH hj av sghnmkH

n,EhV nbpnmftH x; h .vV bn,p h av nbpQnbfgH (tgstgp xAp hj av

faothnmkH h mvhdH) ,;go yh l .v j<logy;cU ,h tp .y jv m<com;kH

j xyfMnmopH ohU ,fw jsdkH ,h tp jv nbobnhH bnbwqH .gi<l

xyfMnmonbHN    

hj av pj<hnbjH bn,ohpH xAuH] Uj hpbcynbH gisgjH ,nmv bcfMtsvH

pph> bs<lnmhtnh h xtgvH gx<;V akH h mw bxvH moonm m<nlnbH

hbcfMhgjH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp] jv .v j<junbcvhdj l mw tucomvH

moonm bnbwqH h mw hpn,Ug;MvH h mw gwlkH .Ud#.N .o<gy<hiMnbH

m<lnbH .gcfMnmonbH tso nmpnb> fx j<lognyH moonm sgenmp i<g lmw

tucobvH moonm bnbwq h .fotv h .v hpn,og;Mov h mwpnhj nmp tMd

.d .Ud#. bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp h mw bs<hvhdjN ,; tp] mgnhnp

j<junbvvhp h mwpnhj h uJibjH .o<gy<hiMnbH bs<lphpH , bktbvH i<g

, hl<jyvH ak;dnmMnb h mw yocoov .xyfMnmonbjH] , jn, .fosvH h

phfsvH i<g , hl<jtvH gUd lsgjH jv pmcooH h mdogjH i<g ;gjk

bcfMnmp .y h mpcfMvH , bwfohdj bktmsnmoH h mwpmcoH x; bcfMnm

QokoH mdlN bs<lnmp h uvgonbj p<xV udco> QokU h bcfMG] ;gjH

bs<lnmht;H .v q;V .v nbnmvmsnbH lnhp , uvgvH l mw pmcooj

.gcfMnmonbnbN Uj bktbnbH i<g h oho<gjH .. snm bs<lnmp bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp .d jn,fuH] v mgnhunbl bs<lnmp xtmn,nmoH mdl l .v

pgylnb<cU yp lnhU h jv mjH mgnmoH i<g h borUgnhj ,nm tuxvhdjN h

mwpnhH nmp .d jn,fuH h .v hpn,og;MvH , xtmvH bnbwqH p<xV

yocom;ponbH , ppnbcsyhj mgnmp jn,fuH] p<xV t<gm mgjd> xUxMnmp

i<g ;gjk lnhpN ,; yh i<g] h mwj<logyH ,<com;ponbH jn,fuH p<x ,

jfyjMponbH i<g , b; hvvohdj b;Mnmp ,h , tnpwH h mw gwhonbH i<g

yh ;gjk lnhp , nbpbn,yhj mgnmoH gx<;V tonlnmU i<g ;gjk lnhp h

.fpjH yv Us;up snm lnhpN    .o<gy<hiMnbH h xtbvH bnbwq i<g tMn, h mwpnhooj .gcfMnmonbnb ,

bwfohdj moonm mwvlnmp i<g mg<hiMnmoH h j<dovhdj h tucom;ponbH

gs jwhnb , bcfMponbHN .y yh h iJimhdH jv lnhU p<xV bf tuco>

bs<lnmoH i<g tucom;ponbU , bwfohdj moonm mwvlnmp] p<xV

tucomn,yhU , uvgonbH bcfMnmoHN tMn, x; lnhU h mw yocom;ponbH

tuxvlyhU gs jwh> h uvgonbj bs<lnmoH moonm mwvlnmp] mg<hiMnmp h

j<dovhdj h uJimhdj xyfMnmoH i<g p<xV , j<dognhU jv jn, uvgonbj

mwjnWnmpN p<xV j<dognhU .ro> jv j<logjH i<g j<jubyvH jGDnbwtwpnbH

i<g .ojm;onbnb i<g yh .;enbnb] .eQenbnb] boj hj av sgjH gwi hj

avxyfMvH] ,j nbpm;vH hj av gwlmvH j<jubysnmht;H p<xV jkxV uvm;nbH

hj mw yioevH j<jubysnmht;H i<g bf bo<lco> .y jkxV h ywgvH jkxV

.y h jwhoHN  

,nho i<g h mw t<hyU ,jH p<xV , botcom;vH mgnmoH h gwlvH

.o<gy<hiMnbH , xswpnhj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp jv mgnmoHN Uj<lodU i<g bg

jv mgnmoH mgwlvH moonbH jkxV uJibnyH hj av mw j<juby;vH

.ojm;nbnb .CxjbnbJnmoH mdlN q;V] yh p<xV , udcoj .o<gy<hiMnbH h

.v nmvmvH jv mgnmokjH] QokU .f p<xV h udcoG h mdognhH bs<lnmoH

i<g bcfMnmp h .v pgn, j<lovhdj ,h , twjcoj .o<gy<hiMnbH .v ,nho

,w yocom;vH mgnmoH h gwlvH moonbHN .o<gy<hiMnbH bs<lnmp

Ugn,og;MnbH gwi jv uvgvH h mw xUcongvH bcfMnmp .fgnmonbH i<g ,

xtbvH .fooenbnbN jv mgnmoH nmp h mwpnhooj .gcfMnmonbnb gwi x;

nhkg<donb lnhp h .v bcfMhgjH lnhp h bm<com;vH gs jwh> , xtbvH

mgnmoH h gwlov q;V gx<;V ,wpnhnp .. bcfMnmp .o<gy<hiMnbH h uvgvH

,; yh jv mgnmoH bwV ,;go l .v j<lovhdj gilsvhdjcU m<x moonbH ,

uvmvH mgnmoHN

 

|,; yh x; l yvgonbH jv cLdg;gonbH , xtmvH bnbwqH

i<g .ak;dnmMnmonbH v ohohvhdH , bs<l<gvH bnbwqH

.ak;dnmMnmonb i<gN|

 ,j bktmsponbH tFng] Uj oMgn,iU ,h Jj , tnuotsvH .o<gy<hiMnbH

i<g ;gjk h xtgvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .d .Ud#.N ,f tFfvH yh

.o<gy<hiMnbH , gwlvH jv mgnmoH , .fotvH yh .Dnbwtwnbnb mgnmoH

h gwlov] ep mg> moonm bnbwq jv bktbG gx<;V .o<gy<hiM> h

bcfMhgnbG bnbwq] n,t<f;wnbH xUcongnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp jv

mgnmoHN ,;ro> yh h y;Ehdogtm;vH .jyhpH ,nho ,dogjH , bf

nbogvH moonm mwvlnmp sgenmoHN ,nho i<g ,gveponbH n,K hjniE ,

hpn,otvH h .fovH bnbwqH] bf nbognbH h .g<hiMvH ,; yh bf

nboj<jMsgT , bf .CxjvH bnbwqH xoE , bf cjfoG hj mw hpn,otGN

ytsiogtm;nbH yh hoho<gjH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp] xsE , mw cjfovH

bnbwqH bf nbognbH moonm mwvlnmp h mw j<logjHN ,nho i<g

,gveponbH] n,K jnuE ,f h pn,otvH h mw gwlmvH] ep yh bf KaognyH

, uvgvH moonm mwvlnmp borognyHN .y yh , m<com;vH bf nbognbH h

.g<hiMvH sgenmp i<g nbpEnln,ognyH] h .v faog;MvH i<g bf phgnyH x;

UgnbVN

 ,nho yh ,w Ugn,ognhH jv cLdg;gonbH bs<lnmU , xtmvH bnbwqH i<g

.EhfKH l mw tucovH .xyfMnmonbH i<g .ak;dnmMnmonbH jv ohohvhdH

.y bs<lnmUN .o<gy<hiMnbH .sjynmonbnb gwi ywgnbH b<jo> h gwlsgjH

,nm hnlsgjH jv tovH l .v tucongvH bcfMnmp] jv mgnmoH yh nmp h

gwlvH h oho<gjH gx<;V .Ud#. moonm .sdnmhtnh i<g .Ud#.

.o<gy<hiMnbH m<nlnbH h mw yynmuvH , bcfMhgjH lnhp gwi nmpnb> nhkv

bknbH lnhp l bcvgvH i<g nmvmn,nmoH mdlN ,nho yh gwi n,v xrotsvH

.o<gy<hiMnbH i<g ;gjkH h bcfMhgjH bs<lnmp] gwi yh , ywgvH h mw

gwlvH .o<gy<hiMnbH h mw xUcongvH i<g nmpnb> .fgnmonbH ,nho yh n,v

m<com;vH p<xV ,nm hnl ak; uvgvH bs<lnmp nbpnmftH h .sdvH] ep yh

tuco> .y ,sgsvH] ep j pmconb bcfMnmp , xtmvH bn,ohpH

.fgnmonbHN

 ,nho h mw t<hyU ,<com;ponbH .g bs<lnmoH i<g mgnhnp h.v

oMgn,pnhH p<xV , tFfvH bnbwqH h .fovH nmvmn,nmoH .v j<lovhdH

.yN ,nho i<g mngonbH , tFfvH buV bnbwqH h .fovH h gwnb;ci

nmp hj cjfovH j<jubysnmht;H hj gwlmvH] rnhV bkt,nmohpH hj

ynbspvH bnbwq ,; yh , jsgbvH , gwlbvH j<jubysnmht;HN    hj mw pgn, j<logyU yh .y bs<lnmU .v i<g bktmsnmoH] Ujt<lU tFG lnhp

h .v e<jcoj pjpl x; rnhV , bktmskHN o<gT yh lnhU hj mw j<logyU]

p<xV , poKiUg;MvH bnbwqH jq<xU jfyjMonl .ojmnhH ,h Jj lnhp ,

bkov -- jfyjMnmU] buV h mw j<logyH p<xV .y h mw jfyjcoj

moonb<jk .d .Ud#. b<jHN tp ;gH lnhU hj mw t<hyU p<xV ,

nhgjm;ponbH tonlnmU i<g yv Us;up h .fohdj ,h yh ,j AogvH .y

hsgjHN ,nho yh ,dUgecovH bn,ohpH m<x , nbcyvH .jc.n,Mnb , av

g;woUv nmjoH bn,ohp] tonlnmU i<g x; yv Us;up , pgnbcvhdj i<g x;

,nho n,v yocovH mdognyH bfG bn,ohpH] q;V bnbwqH ynbV bf

yocom;nbH .y , m<cooH h mw gwlvH nmpnb> bf .fphonbnpH] lsgngcU

nmp n,t<f;wnmvH] p<xV xsE sgnbhonbnpH n,t<;fwnbH nbLE ,w nbosgjH ep

nmp moo> hsgGN    h mw j<lotgnhH ;gjkH hifkpH] .o<gy<hiMnbH p<xV DcwEsgnbhonbpH tMn,

x; mw .g hpg<jHN hj mw t<jhdH ynbsMpmhoH pgn, j<logenmoH 2000]

dU A%?G (10%) hifkpH bnbwqH jfyjMnbH] bnbMd yh nmp .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwqH jfyjMnbH tFfnbH .y h m<com;vH bnbwqH] , i.vH ,; yh bp

akH h gwvH akH bnbwE jfyjM>N h mw jfyjcoj .o<gy<hiMnbH

.fgnmonbnb ,nho ,w t<jhdH lnhU n,v m<com;vH n,K ,h , pmogjH

.fgnmonbH lnhp h m<coojN , yynm hpnbcvhdj yh .. p<xV tFfnp lnhp

h .v yFoeponbH h mw yocom;vH bnbwqH ,;yh i<g boj bnbwqH h

.fovH p<xV poKiUg;MnbH , .fovH xsE yh ,wcjfovHN

 tp o<ngkH hj mw t<hyU lnhU h yocom;ponbH ,nhoj hj .fovH ,; yh

hj cjfovH jv gwlvH j<jubysnmht;H bkt,nmn,ohp hj hpn,ot;vH] j

nbosghnmnbH .y ,jsgvH ,nho yh n,v tFfvH bnbwqH hmw hpn,otvH ,

yocom;ov .ojm;nbnb hj nhgloemvH rnhV j<jubysnmht;H hj hpn,otvHN

bf bo<;co> yh .y yFoenmU] .Dnbwtwnbnb bf uvm;onb] bfG hj nbogvH

.fg<hiMnbnb] moonm mwvlnmp i<g .fwjnWnmonbnb ,h h .v cjfovH jv

bcvgvH h mw jnWvHN buV yh hf .ojm;ynmvH ep .v og .Cxj,nbH

.Dnbwtwnbnb] , ywgvH .; bnbwqH , pgn, j<logjH gUd .g<hiMvHN    ywgonmp yh bf mgnhnp , agnhj] , bkt<gyvH .o<gy<hiMnbH jv .jy>

,dl jv .wgvH fxpn, l mwp;gvH .pQn,nmp bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH mdlN

q;V] jkxV t<gm h bcfMhvhd> ncyw bf tucoHN    Ugn,ognhU jv yynm uvgonbH i<g nbnmvmsponbH .y , bf cjfohdH i<g

lnhp l .v nmvm;ponbH tMn, x; h mwpnhj jv .jynmp -- hpg jv .jy>]

.Ud#. jv .jy> ,; yh .o<gy<hiMnbH .sjynmonbnb -- jv boevhdj

bcfMnmU nbn,p<gJnmp jv .v bvcongonbj lnhp l .v nmvm;ponbHN hj mjU

jv jn, uvgonbH jv hpnbcvhdH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp bs<lnmoH mgQn,nmp

i<g x; gUd l mw uvgonbj boevhp] bs<lnmU nbp<gJnmU jv nmvm;ponbH

, yynm uvgon bj] jv yEhnb<dj l .v nmvm;vH .o<gy<hiMnbH nmpnb>

fxpn, jv xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp i<g nmvmn,nmp .fgnmonbHN ,nho

,w e<dLovhdH jv bvgonbH h m<coj bs<lnmp i<g .Ej lnhp jv

bwfohdj , uvgonbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU nmvmn,nmoHN .y yh hj

nbn,pMpmhdH i<g , hpnbcvhdH h mw uvgonbH bs<lnmU mgnmoH i<g h

mw yMpdH x<jgMpmhoH bs<lnmU 35 h mgMpdH hifkU .pQn,nmoH ,

hpnbcvhdHN .y x<jgMpmhU oMgn,ognyH i<g , gnaLogjH , mgnhH moonm

p<;enmp i<g bQgylnmp] ,;go yh n,v bnhpmlcoj .pQn,nmoH , .v

pphvmhnmkHN .o<gy<hiMnbH ,nho ,w gnaLogjH ,j bf bo<;coH .y

dclog;MnmU hj av g;pjH j eQtpnbH tsoMnm pphvbnhH jDnbwtwpnbH ,

uJi,hdj moonm mwvlnmp mg<hiMnmoH i<g yh , g;pyH dclog;MnmU .g

h yMpdH x<jgMpmhoH 35 mgQn,nmoHN buV h mwpnhH .Ud#. .pQn,nmU]

bnbwqH i<g ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmp ynhMpmhoH] h mw nbn,p<gonbH gwi]

b<h> ,nho ,w oMsgjH .o<gy<hiMnbH ,h , tusvlyhH moonm

dclog;MnmoH .y hj mg<gonbH mgQn,nmoHN cfy x; tp jn, nbp<gonbj l

mndyhH jv nmvgyhH , j<dovhdj moonm p<;enmoH i<g bQgylnmoH ,nho

cfy l p,ogjH .o<gy<hiMnbbH .y svhdlN jonhpxnmU Ugn,ognhU jv mgvH

h bktgvH bs<lnmp nbn,onmoH jv boevhdH x<jgMpmhU 35 - dclog;Mnmp

jv boevhdj i<g 1965 nmvmn,nmU p<;enmU - tMn, .. h jn, hpnbcvhdj jv

hnl t<jhdH gUd l mw pmcongonbj ,nmvbcfMtsvH jv .jy> i<g

.o<gy<hiMnbHN    tFfnbH .o<gy<hiMnbH i<g ;gjk jv bcfMnmp h uvgonbj .g .Ud#. p<xV

hf tucongvH , phgn,oyvH bnbwq i<g ak;dnmMnmp ,jn, pssvH .hnmy>

i<g .gnmy> ,; yh i<g , ywgvH jv bf Aomgnhj lnhp h yoxvlyhj

mgnmoHN bg yh .y ,svhdH] bnbwwnm phgn,UvlnmU xtmn,nmoH jkxV mgnhnp

lnhp l uvgonbj jv .v tucongonbjN QokoH x; xwwH , udcoG n,v

nc<gnmcoH lnhU ,nm uvgonbHN    mgnhnp .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbnb ,h , cjfpvH nbpnmftH h .sdvH

bnbwq h .fpvH .fgnmonbH i<g .g<jnbH] q;V yh] ep Uj<lodU gUd n,v

nmvm;nbnl bnbwqH .y ,svhdH] ,; yh i<g jq<xU ,h , mgnhH lnhU l

m<comsvhdH ,nm xtmvH bnbwqH ep Uj<lodUgUd l mjHN hj mw avhdH

i<g j<lovhdH hsgvH bnbwqH h mw hpn,otvH ,h nhk<H ,sg;vH h

pn,ot;vH} agnhU .;tynbH tMn, h m<xvjfov .Qokotnbnb , bcvbvH ,

fcbenbvH h bkt<gylov ,nm hnl sgjH jv av jn,vq.tv .MMtnbnb] ,

bktbvH yh i<g bcvbhp h bcfMhgnbov bnbwq jv hnlsvhdH UgnbV jv av

jn,vq.vH .; bnbwqH .fgnmonbHN jv tFfnp .. snb fcvenmp ,h ,

pmgnhjN b<h> , uvgonbH lnhU ,nm tuxvhdH unhU , jv tqH lnhU

hnmsvhdH i<g ep ,E;pnhU q;V] jq<xU ,gvH h bcvbnhH bs<lphpH i<g yh

, hEj.vH , uvgvH .gcfMnmonbnb jv nl<jxgjH h m<com;ov bnbwq hj

sgnyH nmpnb> jv tuxgjH - Ugn,og;MnbH yh jv UsgnbvH h bktov bn,ohp

i<g jv yynm uvgkH lnhp jv .v bvcongonbj ,h jv qnloekU lnhUnbsgyHN

 , q;vngkH yh lnhp h jx<h;kH , uvgkH bs<lnmU] ,; x; ohU lfw jsdkH

jv tucongkH bs<lnmp i<g jv .v tuxyfMkH ohU jDnbwtwpnbH .vN jEnh

yh ak; xAU .g hEnh .fohnmkU bs<lnmoH , pgn, j<logyU bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmU i<g nmvmn,nmU giwpnhj i<g h m<coj i<g , UsgnbjH

.ojm;ynbH , boegjH lnhp h y;EhdUgtm;vH] h oho<gjH bs<lnmp]

jWbknbH] hohoMvH bcvbhpH ,; yh h nbn,p<gvH , nbn,pcgjH bcfMnmp

jv tucooj] ,nho yh hf jwgkU , pgn, j<logyU tMn, lnhU h m<coH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmojH] , mgnhj lnhp l bvcongonbj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH

bs<lnmoHN hj .fohdj lnhp l bktgonbj i<g hnm bvcongonbj .g

UfcvenmoH] jnuEpnbV h m<co>] yEhn,oenmU i<g Ugn,ognhU jv bcvgonbH jv

.v tucongonbj lnhp h uvgonbj tMn, x; h mwpnhH .jynmnmU h .vcoj

jv .jyHN Ugn,ognhU jv bvcongonbH lnhU ,h bq" , bcfMyhH hj

mg<gonbu;ci] buV yh hf yvgonbucU jv uvgonbHN ,nho ,whpnbcgyU .y

hj mw t<hyU h m<coH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU q;V , Ugn,ognhH jv bktgonbH

jv .v tucongonbHN bnbwwnm pgylnmU .d .Ud#. ep bcfMyhU , uvmvH

.o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwqH i<g .EhfKH ,nho yh l .v bvgonbH jv

pmcongonbHN tMn, .d .Ud#. tMn, lnhp hj mw t<hyU h mw yocoH

bs<lnmoH j p<;esvhdnb jvbvgonbj mg<gJnmoH+ ,; yh bnbwE o<gT h

hpnbcyhonbUN    op nDU AhE

.o<gy<hiM> h ytuen,G] .Ud#. jv .jyH

.c<;nm xMT 2011

Background and objectives bcfMnmU fcvt;MnmU i<g h

bcfMhvhdj  o<jxMT 2010] h mw yynbx<vhdH jv bs<lnmp hj .vovH .o<gy<hiM> h

ytuen,G h mgx,kU bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp i<g bs<lnmp h pphvgkU] jv .jy>

P%!U A$fU Uj .foH .y jv uvgkU bs<lnmU bnbwwnm nmvmn,nmU h bm<coj

lnhp bs<lnmoHN    Ugn,og;MU jv ytusgyU m<x , uvgonbj .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU

nmvmn,nmU bs<lnmU h mw yocoj i<g jv bktbjH hoho<gjH bs<lnmp

.o<gy<hiMnbHN onbnmvngU i<g h mw bktgG bs<lnmp jv .jy> .gcvmhp

bktmsnmoH i<g nmgylnmoH h mwp;gG jv .jy> .gcfMnmp .o<gy<hiMnb ,

bcfMhgnbH , bktbG hoho<gtov bs<lnmp .fgnmooHN    xAuH yh hj av uvgkU bs<lnmojH] Uj pj<hnbnbH .jyhpH i<g h oho<gjH

bs<lnmp i<g ;gjk .o<gy<hiMnbH h mw xUcongvH bcfMnmp i<g bcvbhpH

.d .Ud#.] bom bwV b<jk h ak; xUcomfJyhj] .o<gy<hiMnbH h

xUcongvH .g<jnbnb .fgnmonbH ,; yh .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp h

mw hpn,ostvH bnbwqH h.fovHN gs h mwpnhH pj<hvlnmU , bktgonbj

lnhp h botcom;ponbH mgnmoH i<g bcfMnm nbp<gJnmp jv nmvm;ponbH

ohU x; mdl jv mw bf jsgonbHN    tMn, hj av mw nmgyU lnhp hj mw av j<logyU pgn, j<logenmoH ,;go h

.v .wgkU UfcvenmU jv .jy> hjtpH oynbsMpmhpN

 ,f bo<lcongkU yh UfcvenmoH ;gjk hj av sgyU pgn, j<logenmoH] Uj av

nbnmvngU , cjfohdj fcvenmp bnbwwnm bs<lnmoH .v - yynm bcfMtsnmU

jv tucoH ohU mdl+ pj<hvlnmU .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU

nmvmn,nmU .v hj cjfpH jv .jy> A%$fU] h bxgnb;vH o<jxMT 2011N .yyh

hj mw svhdH .g CA%G nmOkT .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH] oQ tgstgp j

gwnbH hj av msdvH .o<gy<hiMnbH csd h xUcomfJvH .gcfMnmonbH]

.o<gy<hiMnbH i<g n,t<f;wnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp h bcfMhgjH ,; yh

.o<gy<hiMnbH .EhfK j mgnbH i<g nmpnb> jv cjfpjH .dfogenmonbnb h

boevhdoj .g] gUd lsvhdjcU jv yynm bcfMhvhdH .o<gy<hiMnmU bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmU bs<lnmU] , phgn,otvH .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwqH] .EhfKH ,; yh

.ak;dnmMnmonbnbN .y bktmsnmU pj<hvlnmoH p<xV j tuco> i<g j JjgnhU}

tFG lnhp .g j .v nbpn,conb , boevhdj i<g gx<;V jv bcvgonbj

bs<lnmoH ohU mdl l bf uvgonbHN tso Uj tusg;U hj mw j<logyU lnhp

i<g Uj wj<h;U bvlUx; jv uvgkU hnm mw bvxgyU lnhp h mw yocoj

bs<lnmoHN tMn, lnhp .g hj .vcoj pj<hvlnmoH p<xV j<dognhnp i<g

nmvm;ponbU bs<lnmoH jv xeggonbjN    t<gm yh Uj av nmvm;U hj av sgycU ncyw .y uvgkU pj<hvlnmU] dgAnmjy>

Ujgxg" pj<hvlnmU , nbn,p<gonbH h mw yynbx<gjH nbp<gJnmp pj<hvlnmp

.v] j mgcpH .g fcU h xUcomfJvH .o<gy<hiMnbH] mgnmoH h bcfMhgjH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp] bcvbhpH ,; yh .o<gy<hiMnbH h xUcongvH bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbH i<g bnbwqH h mw gwlmvH h .fovH boj snbHN

t<gm j mgnhU .g bcfMnmU nbn,p<gJnmoH jv cjfohdH i<g hl<jutmn,nmU

i<g wjtsnmU , uvgokH .y pj<hvlnmU hnm bf cjfohdjcUN    hj .vcoj yh .g pj<hvlnmoH lnhp lf uJimhdj hj yynm uvgonbj+ ynbV

h pmcoj sgenmp] jv fx mgnhj l .v nmvmn,yhj bs<lnmoH] jv

tsoMhvhdH pphtsnmU] bs<lnm QokU] jv yEhnmgonbH h bcfMhvhdj i<g ohU

lf uvgonbj hnm jx<hlyhj bs<lnmoHN      

Recommendations h uJimhdj bs<lnmoH    Best Practices - Short Term h tucongyhj - h Dnhxlkj mg<gJnmp

 1. jv bwfohdH nDfU mgQn,nmU .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH

nmvmn,nmoH    ep hpl Ugn,ognhU jv .foG bnbwE fxpn, nmjH .v jq<xU ,h , fx

j<logyU gUd nev mjonl] ,nho mndG Us;uU MUf xpHm<ngH] h pgynbG

.o<gy<hiMnm bnbwq ,; yh , bwvcongG nDfU mgQn,nmU , boegH

.o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH .dclog;MnmonbnbN (nDfU mgQn,nmU h mndyhH] bnbwE

o<gT bcfMnmU mgQn,nmoH] ,nho ,w jv mndyhj ,h jv bwvpnmvH hpg jv

.jy>/ .Ud#. jv.jy> h mwp;MG bcfMnm QokU h cjfoH , uvgonbj

.o<gy<hiMnm bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nm,oH] i<g jv .jyH h .vcojfoG

bcfMnm QokU h mwpnhmtv nmp ;gjkH h xUcongvH .ro>snm bs<lnmpN nDfU

mgQn,nmU ,nho ynbV bwfohdH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU , uvgonbH .d hpg<jH

p<xV Jjco>N)

 tMn, bcvgonbU .y nDfU mgQn,nmU] hpg i<g .Ud#. ep nmpnb> bcvgnbH

.ro>N ,nhoy yh ynbV hj boevhdH hj mw pj<hvhonbH i<g j cjfohdH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH] CcG n,OkT .o<gy<hiMnbH mgnmoH h bxgnbjvjcU o<j

xMT 2011N h mndvH yh hj mgvH pj<hvlnmoH] jq<xU bcvbhpH i<g x;

.jncbn,MnbH ,dncvvH] ,nho x; lfw .foG bnb bnbwE] , poKiUgnhooH

nbLE h mjooH] ep yh nmp .y sgnbhonbU n,t<f;wnm bnbwE jv mw .vcmG

x; nbLE , mjooH nmjHN bnb yh moonm bnbwE jvpmognhU n,t<f;w> jv

mw cjfoG jv hpn,ot;GN ,; yh , bwfohdH nDfU mgQn,nmU] ak;dnmMnbH

hj hpnbcgnyH ,w gnaLogjH jv .jynbH , fxsgtov .gcfMnmonbnb

.o<gy<hiMnm bnbwq i<g ak;dnmMnmp h mw xtmtvH] gx<;V ,fg;gnbH h

mwpnhooj bnbwwnm xt,nmp] jq<xU moonb<jH i<g x; jv mgnmoH ,

gwlkU] ep yh boy mwpnhU h mw j<logyHN hj mw boevhdH yh .g

pj<hvlnmoH nDfU mgQn,nmU] .ojm;ynbH hj .fpynbd .Dnbwtwnbnb j

p<;esgnyh h mndyhooH .ro> mgQn,nmoo> i<g gwi jv yEhnmgonbH h

nmvmn,yhU yh h mw botcoj m<x , uvmvH bnbwqH h mw yocooH] o<gT

bnbwE jv hpnbctGN    ,nho i<g ,w oMsvhdH .y nDfU mgQn,nmU] j nbp<gonbu;cU .jy jv

nmvm;vH ,h h tucovH h cahvvH .tsiUvhonbH i<g bcfMnm QokU

cjfolnmoH .v+ q;V] .y h mndyhH mgQn,nmU hjbf pjohd> jv nm<nlcoj

tMn, bnbwqH , uvmvH .v h poKiUgnhooH h mw gwlvH ,; yh i<g h

bs<l<gjH xtmn,nmp] bcfMnmhtnh i<g .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH Ugn,ognhU

jv bwvpnmvHN bcfMnm QokU h boetG i<g ;gjk bcfMnmhtnh i<g jv .jyH

h.vcoj bs<lnmp h uvgvH Ugn,ognhU jv csdpjH ,; yh bnbwE o<gT jv

hpnbctG m<com;GN

 2. moonm mg<hiMnmU .vco> .g h .v cM;yhH yynm nmFnmsnmU

.o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonb i<g jv nmvgyhH jv jxvgonbH n,K , tFfvH

h .fovH bnbwqHN    bf yEhnb<d> yynm nmFnmsnmU moonm mg<hiMnmU i<g pgn, j<logenmpN

pgn, j<lotfJnmU gUd n,g<hiMkU j ak;dnmMnmoH] l; mgnmoH h .vkU i<g

x; xsE] bo<lxyfMnmU .vco> .g i<g yh jkxV jsv bn?oesgnbnb h

j<loyvHN    j tsiMpmhd> yh .y fcvenm ynbsMpmhU+ , nbogonbH mwjnWnmU i<g mp

moonm mg<hiMnmU jfgnmoH ,;go yh n,v x;coj ak;dnmMnm j<lotsnmp]

.vinmp i<g yklxyfMnmp] bfG x; nmvhdnb .g hyocom;ponbH lnhp

xyfMnmoHN Ugn,og;MnbH jv .jynbH] .o<gh<hiMnbH jv oMsgjH gi<com;ov

ak;dnmMnmp h mw yocooj i<g jv nbnmvbvH .o<gy<hiMnbH jv uJibtov

j<jubylnmp hj av uvgov hkE .eQenbnb mgnhnp .g j<jubylnmp l .v

ytuxvhdj h mw yocoj ak;dnmMnmpN lnhU n,v tFfvH .o<gy<hiMnm

bnbwqH .g xtmn,nmoH] h bcfMhvhdcU yh jv oMsvhdH lnhU n,v mjH i<g

moonm mg<hiMnmp sgenmp jv bwfohdj bs<lnmU , uvgonbH ,h h

mwvcojN .y yh] jv .jy> buV hfsgH , ynbsMpmlG .o<gy<hiMnbH .

hEj.nmonbnb i<g n,t<f;wnm bs<lnmp h bmwpnhooj ,; yh ,;go l .v

j<lovhdH gUd l mg<gonbj .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH xtmn,nmp , bf

yvgonbHN j<dognhnp moonm mwvlnmp j<jubylnmoH i<g ep gna

bwfohdnb bs<lnmoHN moonm mwvlnmp i<g mwjnWnmp gwi x; h

bwfohdcp bs<lnmU , uvgonbH] WlU x; .y hsvhdcU ep nmp , av

mgQnbfhnmkUN

 |j tsoMyhU yh .y fcvenm ynbsMpmhU] , nbogonbH mwjnWnmp i<g

moonm mg<hiMnmp h mw gwlvH .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH ,;go yh

n,vcoH ak;dnmMnmp hf x;coj] ,h ,fx j<logjH j<dog;Mnmp

ak;dnmMnmoH] .vinmp (xtonlnmU] yv Us;up) i<g ykhfMnmp bfG x;

nmvhdnb .g bg , tFfjN|

 ;gjk lnhp l bwvcongonbnhcU bs<lnmoH moonm j<jubylnmp] jv sgenmp]

ynbvmsnp i<g h j<dognhj lnhp jv .v yEhnmMponbH ,;go n,v cM;yhj jv

tuxyfMyhj .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbnbN akH lnhU j<junbvvhU .y] xPH Mx"

xnhg<jH h j<jubylvH lnhp bs<lnmU] hj .wgvH , nbn,p<gvH uGhTtnbo"

(bfhrH W;ak>) .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH] jWkbnb yh ,j bwvpnmvH jv

cjfpjH .hlgn,ogenmonbnb] ,nm nmvngvH jv AocooH n,K hf tFfvH h

.fpjH .xyfMnmonbnb .EhfKHN tMn, yh h mw j<logjH moonm mwvlnmoH

j cjfpnyH , ynbvmsvH] .EhfKH jv nbcfpyvH giwpnhj j<jubylnmp

xnhg<jH h .fohdj i<g p<xV j tuco>N tso j jwqn,ognyH .ro> .EhfKH

,; yh j bf DhnbwwnbH nhg> h .fpjH .xyfMnmonbnb i<g tFG j bf

jwgnbH .j<jubyJnmonbnb i<g ,f bo<l j<jubyJvH , tucomfJvHN

 3. mgnmoH h gwlvH bnbwqH i<g ak;dnmMnmp ,nhoj ynbV l boetngcU h

m<com;vH xtmn,nmoHN .Ud#. h uvgvH .. snb bs<lnmp h

hpnbcgecpH v csd uvmngcU mgnmoH h gwlvH moonm bnbwqHN      tso bf tFfnbH moonbH jv mgnmoH hf gwlvH boy yh n,v mjH ,h Jj ,

bcfMnmo<hH i<g udconb nb<hmhp moonb<jHN tFngkH i<g h mw yocoH

mgnmoH bf bo<lsgnbH x; gUd ,wgwlvH moonbH] ,nho yh gwi n,v bf

.fovH moonm bnbwqH] mgnmoH h mgvH bnbwqH h xtbvHN .; moonm

bnbwqH Ugn,og;MnbH jv fx j<logjH moonm j<jubylnmp] moonm mwvlnmp

mg<hiMnmojkH i<g hj .vvH .fgnmonbnbN ep boy h mwcnhp> mdodpp>

tMn, lnhoH h mw udcovH , tovH mgnhnp bgnmp bom snb mgnmoHN      .Ud#. h mgnhucU yynbx<genmU jv bktgvH i<g nbn,p<gvH] vjn, hpnbcgjH

.o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH xtmn,nmp jv mgnmoH hgwlvH i<g jv cjfohdj

nbp<gJnmp l .v tucom;vHN .; lyynbx<gjH h pphnmp;McpH .g l av

bxvH i<gnb> .fdogenmonbnb h mw j<logjH jv cjfpjH] bcvbhpH l

g;pnhcU , uvgvH .gcfMnmonbnb i<g hoho<gjH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmpN    m<x , .foG bnbwE mgnmoH h gwlG] nmgynbhonbU , mgnhU bo<lkxlohU h

.v bktmsponbH h jwcoH fxpn, .fgnmoH jv .v bktmG .o<gy<hiM> h

xtbG bnbwq] mgnhnp .. h jwcoj bcvgnmp .fgnmonbHN ,nho ,w

oMgn,ovhdH] bf jn,fuH epbknbH ,Enh .. h jwcoj bcvgnmp] jv .v

nmvmG bnbwE h .foH jv mgnmoH h gwlGN m<x , dncvvH .; mgnmoH h

xtbvH bnbwq] ep j<lognyH gi lsgnbvH moonm bnbwq] ep fx mgnhnp

.o<gy<hiMnbH hl<jtn,nmpN .y yh , m<com;vH] ,nho ,doevH .;

.o<gy<hiMnbH |.vg> ,h , cxM<lotvH| ,h , cxM<lot;vH , mooH ,

.g<hiMvHN h mgnhucp yh l bcvgnb<cU m<x , .fpvH moonm bnbwq bom

mgnmoH h gwlov} bom ynbV jv bwfohdnhcU moonm hl<jtn,nmp ,

bktmvH bnbwqH] ,nho cfy l tucojcU .y svhdHN    cfy .y mw hEjgonbj h jxvmn,yhj bs<lnmoH] bcfMnm p<;en,nmp hj

nbn,p<gunbucp boj jv mgnmoH h gwlvH bnbwqH i<g .ak;dnmMnmonbnb

.v ,; yh i<g hj av msdcU .y h mpcfMG moo> jv uvb<cU moonm

bnbwq h mw xtmtv .d jv mgnmoHN .y bcfMnm p<;enmU Ugn,ognhU jv

yynmjhdH gx<;V jv nmvbcfMtsvH .o<gy<hiMnbH i<g .o<gy<hiMnbH h

xtgvH .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwwnm nmvmn,nmp xtmn,nmokH jv .v tucomvH

bnbwqH i<g tucoH bcfMnmU] moonm mwvlnmp mg<hiMnmoH jv uJimhdj

, uvmvH moonm bnbwqH i<g .fgnmoH jv .v nmvmG bnb bnbwEN jq<xU

yh nmp moonm ak;dnmMnmU , uvm;vH jv mgnmoH h mgov bnbwq h

xtbvH] mgnhp h jwcoj bcvgnmp l .v bktbnb<cU .y h mpcfMov

.fgnmonbH hjbf tnpwgonbU yh .v jv yEhnb<dH i<g tMn, moonm

mwvlnmoH j<jubylnmp hl<jtn,nmoH jv uJimhdj , uvgonbH bs<lnmU i<g

p<;enmoH mdlN

4. m<x , pmcoH] h mw hpn,og;MvH bnbwqH ,nhoy o<gT ,w hpnbcvhdH} cft x; ,h nbLE ,j .v t<jhdoH l mw gwlmG bnb bnbwE

cfy hj cjfphonbU n,t<;wnm gwlmn,nmoHN      boy hj mg<gonbH .o<gy<hiMnm xtmn,nmoH ,nho mndyhH hpn,ovlnmU .g

.o<gy<hiMnbH nmpnb> o<gT h hpn,orcpH .. bnbwq gx<;V .nb;yhp]

.;y] .eQy i<g ;gjk h j<lotvH bn,ohpN .g , mw cjfoG bnb bnbwE

j<dognhU .y jv svhdH o<gT lnhU lsvhdjcUN    h csdohdnb tMn, lnhp hj av cjfohdj h uJimhdj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH

nbpnmftH h .vcoj gx<;V .ojm;ynbH nmgylnmp] bcfMnmp h bmwp;gonbj

i<g j<jubylnmp] ak;dnmMnmU ytutn,nmp .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH ,; yh

cfy hf nbn,p<gonbj l uJibjH .o<gy<hiMnbH h xtbvH bnbwq l uJibjH

moonm mwvlnmp j<jubylnmp l nbn,p<gonbjN .Ej lnhp Ugn,ognhU jv

nbn,p<gonbj .o<gy<hiMnbH l nmvm;vHN ,f yvgonbH yh] .Ud#. ,nmv

bcfMyG h mw bktgonbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU] bf uvgonbH , bf uvgvH l

mg<gonbH bcfMnmU i<g jv cLd oMsvhdH mg<gJnmU bcfMnmoHN    Ugn,ognhU j<jubylnmU jv mgnhH l mw bvcongonbH bn,p<gJnmoH] moonm

j<jubylnmp h mw gwlvH .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbHN bcfMnm QokU

yynbjvlnmU (hpnbcg c<ljohU 11) Ugn,ognhU jv x<jgxG QokU h mw gwlmvH

bnbwqH jv mw bcfmG fcmlnmoH dlN boj hnmv bcfMyvH mgnmoH bnbwq

h xtbov hnmv bcfMrnbH .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmooH ,; yh h jwcoj

bo<lkxlohoH , bcgj h .v bktmsnbH h mw hpn,ovhdj nbxK jv

mgnmoHN ncyw yh .y svhdH] h jn, hpnbcvhdnb buV h mwpnhj h mw

hpn,otvH bnbwqH h .fovH ,; yh hf cjfohd> .Ej nbp<gJnmU l .v

tucoH bs<lnmUN

5. ytuxvlnmU i<g ytutsnmU Ugn,ognhU jv j<jubyJvH h hl<jtn,vH jv

j<lomoH h mw yocoH lnhU gs yh h xtbvH bnbwq Ugn,og;MnbH jv

g;pjH .. hEj.nmpN      j<dognhU jv uJimhdj hj mw nbn,p>gonbj bs<lnmoH l bnbwqH h mw

xtmvH jv mgnmoH] jv jn,fgbvH gUd n,g<hiMov l mw pmoeov , j<logH

, KjmG .ak;dnmMnmoH i<g fxpn, .fgnmoH , gwlGN boy h mw

oMsvhdH jv mg<cU h og hl<jtn,G i<g ytutn,H jv .v tucovH h

yocovH ,nhoy ynbV h j<dognhU jv svhdjcU ak;dnmMnmp .vN hj

bktmsponbjcU .ojm;ynbH j av msdcpH , av cjfpjH .fdogenmonbnb

, boeyvH bom h .fpvH bnbwq] boy ,w j<logjH ,h ,nm hnlsgjH .;

h .fpvH bnbwq .fgnmooH jv n,fo<cU bnbwE .ojmnh h mw gwlovN ep

yh gnaLognyH .y ,w ;vgonbooHN bg j cjfohd;cU , .fohdj

pj<hvlnmoH lf uJi,hdnhcU ep yh boy .v mjU] ep .v ;vgnbH jv

gwlmG bnbwE fxpn, .fgnmoH .ojmnh h mw aQp;MovN ep hpl .v

m<coH jv tucomG bnbwE fxpn, .fgnmoH jv mw hpn,otG] ,nho yh h

mdogjH .jom;ynbH .vg> ,h , .v cjfohdH .y jv svhdH bg ,j

nbn,p<gonbj lnhp bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoHN    ytuxvlnmU i<g ytutsnmU ,nhom x; l hpnbcvhdnhcU h bktmn,G l

bcvg<cUN bp h bktmn,G] hj j<jubyJG .y v mpcfMG bnbwwH xtmn,nmoH]

,nho l mgQnbfG jv jn,gbG .. bnbwq h .vov] h mw gwlov .ojmnh]

Ugn,ognhU yh q;V jv p<;evH .ojm;ynbH .y jv svhdoH i<g gi<x l av

jn,gmfcU bnb bnbwEN .y yh h mpcfMG] h bktmn,G] nmp h bkt<gyn,>

i<g jv pgyn .ojm;ynb] jv bcvgG h jwcooj bcvgnmp ,nm bktbG

bcvbhpH .fgnmonbHN Ugn,ognhU jv cLd nmvhdj lnhp h mg<gonbj

bs<lnmoH ,; yh i<g h jn, j<jubyJcpH h xtbvH bnbwq jv j<logjH

tMn, lnhp hj mg<gonbooj] i<g Ugn,ognhU bwvpnmnmU] mgnmoH i<g jWbkH

nmvmn,nmoH mwN .y mg<gJnmU h Ugn,ognhH jv uJi,hdH owhV hf Ao

borognyH ak;dnmMnmp h m<com;vH ,; yh x; lf nbn,p<gvH l mw

tucom;vHN ,; yh i<g moonm mwvlnmp sgenmoH h bcvgonbU , bktmvH

ak;dnmMnmp jv .v tucomG bnbwE .vN    

|j<dognhU jv uJimhdj hj mw nbn,p<gonbj bs<lnmoH l uJibjH bnbwq

h xtbvH jv mgnmoH ,; yh jv jn,gbvH gUd n,g<hiMov l mw pmoeov

, j<logH , KjmG nmjH .ak;dnmMnmoH i<g fxpn, .fgnmoH , gwlG|

 Capacity Building jv fx uvgonbj nbp<gJnmoH bs<lnmoH      6. nbn,onmp ohU l bf uvgonbj] buV i<gN    .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nmoH h mw nbn,p<gonbj] inbkH

mgnmoH yh mw Ugn,ognhU jv pj<hvhonbH .d .Ud#.] jn,fuH] qnbuH

nbcp.uH] qnbuH phabuH ,; yh agnmV h mw canqcsyhj mgnmp] jv

boevhdj nbp<gJnmp bs<lnmoH] h mw gwhonbH i<g bcfMnm ynhMpmhp jv

nbn,p<gonbj] h mw bwvcoj .o<gy<hiMnbH i<gnb> h ak; bcfMhgjH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbHN ,; yh] h mw yynbx<vhdH nbn,p<gJnmU h

mgnhucU i<g h mw bxvH h ytusgjH bs<lnmp i<g hf nmFnbhonmcpH yh

;gjk h bcfMhgjH xtmn,nm bs<lnmp ,; yh h yynmhecpH jv nbn,p<vH]

hfgnhucU yh nbx< l mw uvgonbnhcU .. bcfMnm nbp<gJnmpN .y

x<jgMpmhU hj bcfMyhU .g x<jgMpmhoH hj mg<gonbH #15.    .Ud#. yh lo;H bcfMhgT jv cLdp;gonbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU nbp<gJnmoH l

bf uJimhdH] Ugn,ognhU yh jv bf uvgonbH , bcfMhvhdHN .y bcfMnm

ynhMpmhU Ugn,ognhU jv cLd<gonbH gi<x l bf yvgonbH , nbn,pMpmhdH

i<g l mg<dj bcfMnmp lf uvgonbj bn,ohpH moonbH lf uvgvH] h mg>

yh q;V l av pphvgG .d mgnmoH jv .sdG i<g x; jfgnmonbH h gwlvH h

xtbG bnbwqN tp yh] ep Ugn,ognhU jv ytwsgrH nbpnmftH jv .v

nmgyhnmLH gi lsgrH , uvgLH .y nbp<gJnmU xtmn,nmoH] jpnb> h

nbn,oUdpnb> gi l mwp;gLH .y bs<lnmU jfgnmonbHN .Ud#. hf nbn,oUgnyH

gUg l mw mgnhjcU jv nbx< bnbwwnm xtmn,nmhtH jv mgnhH i<g l mwp;bG

.y jv mpcfMov h xtbov bnbwqN

 ,ypnhj yh bom bcfMnm ynhMpmhp i<g bcfMnm nbp<gJnmp Ugn,o gnhU jv

mgnhH .Ej .o<gy<hiMnbH .gcfMnmht;nbnb q;V xFpH yh .y ,w

nbn,oUvhdH tso hf .gplco> , uvgonbH n,K nc<g> uvgonbH gx<;V

.Ud#. i<g .o<gy<hiMnbH .s;ynmonbnb , hpnbcvhdojN ep yh j<lovhd>

,h ,Enh n,v mgnhH nbn,p<gJnmU yE;V ep fx j<lovhdH gi lsvhdH i<g x;

ep gnaLotsponbU ,nho ,<coH lnhU nbuvgonbH ep j jvco>N akH

j<junbvvhU] .o<gy<hiMnbH j cjfpecpH lfbcfMhvhdj , jEnh pj<hvlvH]

,h ,nm cjfpvH jv av xslov .fgnmonbH mgnmoH h bcfMov bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmoH] ,nho yh , nbcfplyhH ,<xv udcoH moonbH jv bcfMhgjH

.ro> .fgnmonbH] nbpnmftH yh h .sdvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp h uvgvH ,nm

av msdvH moonb<jH] ep .v cjfphonbnpHN onqLjpnhU yh .g .jynmnmU ,

ywmsyhjN cfy x; .o<gy<hiMnbH g;pnhn, . hEj.nmp i<g bcfMnmp hj

hEjgnbH jv q;vgvH nmpnb> x; xUconggn, bnbnbwwnm xtmn,nmp fxpn,

.fgnmonbH] n,K bf poKiUg;MnbH bnbwqH h mw yocovH] .g .fgnmonbH

moonm bnbwqH ep fx bkonbnp hEj.nmp jv fx pphvmvH ,h bvlU jv

yocovHN

 bcfMnm mgQn,nmp yh bf nbp<gonbnp .d .Ud#.] , boevhdH gi l

mwp;gvH .o<gy<hiMnbH .gcfMnmonbnb .g bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH gx<;V] h

mwp;gvH nmp x<jg<jH A#fE hPTxk phabuH] bq" nmpnb> nhk<donbhj

mwp;gvH l uJibjH i<g bcfMnm nbn,p<gJnmp .Ej bs<lnmp i<g hj

mwp;gvH ,; yh nmp yosc b<j" bwfinbH nmpnb> .o<gy<hiMnb ,

nbn,p<gvH bs<lnmpN ,; yh tp} A#fE hpTxk] pphnmpnhoonb l bf

nbn,p<gvH bs<lnmoH i<g jv boegysvH .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwq , tFfov hj

.fotovN .y yh hf uvgonbH hf mgnhnp bcfMnm p<;enmp] x<jg<jH h mw

uvgonbj .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH jv .wgyJvH l mwp;gvH bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp .g<jnbHN .. bcfMnm p<;esnmp ,nho ,wohdj] h cchpnbcvhdj

p<;enmpN ,;yh i<g] hj mwp;gvH i<g nbn,pMpbjH yosc bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp bq" nmpnb> jjwgcpH ,; yh jf cjfohdo> .o<gy<hiMnbH

.pQn,nmoH pgn, j<lovlnmoH - bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nmoH bs<lnmUN

tMn, .. bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nmoH bs<lnmp j mgQnbvhdnb jv nmv

bcfMtvH .o<gy<hiMnbH i<g bxg> h mgjJvH moonbH hoho<gjH bs<lnmp

jv nbn,pMpbjH bcfMnm nbp<gJnmp] ,; yh Ugn,ognhU jv cjfpjH

.fgnmonbH jv nbn,p<gvH i<g l .v bcfMhgnbvH bnbwq xtmn,nmoH .vN

   , bf nbn,p<gJvH yh .o<gy<hiMnbH] .pQn,nmp i<g lf mg<dj

ak;faotfJnmU] bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp bcfMnmoH mgQn,nmp hf cLdgnhnp l

bcfMhvhdj] bn,p h uvbnl .. moonm bnbwq ep nbLE l; mgnmo> , .vG

bnb bnbwE i<g x; gUd mgwlGN jEnh yh pj<hsponbnl , bktmsponbH ,

boevhdj ..] ,nho cfy lf oMgnmpnhH hj mg<gonbj xtmn,nmp i<g , fx

j<lovhdH gUd lsvhdH bcfMnmoH mdl i<g h .v faognhj bs<lnmp i<g h

.vxfG bcfMnm QokUN

 7. , fx uvgonbH nbn,onmU bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH Ugn,ognhU jv mgnhjcU l

.v bktmngcU jv mgnmoH h bcfMyvH bnbwq xtmn,nmoH ,; yh

moonbH jv nmv bcfMynb<cU .fgnmonbHN    ep tMn, .o<gy<hiMnbH ywgnbH jv g;pjH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbH h

mg<dj .Ud#. bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmp] q;V] bq" bf unhU ,f

hEj.vH moonbH nmpnb> x; , ak; xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbH

gx<;V boj fjphU bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp] bowpa bxUuvU

ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp] ak;dp> - Ft< Ua i<g bGKU Ua ak;dnmMnmU

xtmn,nmp] nmvmsnmU ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp] h .v bo<l uvgonbj .g d_;

bowpaH ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmoH ,; yh moonm bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnmU

bs<lnmp s!UsN nmvmn,nmU ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmp .v bo<l bcfMtsnbH (pUoghU

bxUuvU bnbwqH o<gT h hpnbcyhonbnpH h mndyhH bs<lnmoHN .y yh h

mndyhH bs<lnmU p<xV JlognhU mgnmoH , uvgonbH i<g bnbwqH

j<jubyhnbhonbnpH moonm j<jubylnmp i<g .ojm;ynbH , boevhdj b<jk h

j<dognhjN

 fjphU bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp bf .v .w.ynhnp bs<lnmoH l

uvgonbj mgnmokH , pphvgonbH jv fx mgnhj h bcfMhvhdj i<g ,

j<jubyvH bcvbhpH ncywbf yv bcfMvH i<g , pgnbcvhdj gwlnmhtnh l mw

h pn,otvH bnbwqH h .vovHN Ugn,ognhU yh jv bwfohdj moonm

j<jubylnmp bs<lnmoH] jWkbnbH jv bwvpnmvH h mw bktgonbj lnhpN

bowpa bxUuf_ ,; yh nmvmsnmU bs<lnmp p<xV tnpwonbH h j<jubylvH

moonm mwvlnmp] mg<hiMnmlp i<g moonm sgenmp i<g mwjnWnmp h mw

bcfMvH mgnmoHN ;gjk yh bcfMnmp p<xV bf yEhnmhcnmyhoonb h uvgvH

.gcfMnmonbnb pph> lnhp , j<jubylvH bs<lnmoH jv bwfohdoj] q;V] boy

,svhdH] tMn, lnhp h bwvcongonbj bs<lnmoH Ugn,ognhU moonm j<jubylnmp

ytutn,nmp jv bwfohdj .o<gy<hiMnbH .sjynmonbH i<g lnhp hf uvgvHN

, j<jubyvH bcvbhpH i<g , .wgonbH yMpmhU , Ugn,o tvH jv av bcfMvH

;gjk bs<lnmoH h mw Ugn,ognhj jv fxsvhdjN bcfMnm QokU i<g mw

hpnbcvhd> i<g h mw bmgnhj mgnmp] gigwvH bn,ohpH mgnmoH i<g gigwvH

bnbwqH h xtmvHN .. tMn, ynbsMpmhp Ugn,ognhnp jv cLdgnhj , boevhdH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH i<g ,nho cfy l bf tucom;ponbH , fx uvgonbH

bcfMnmU i<g , nbnmvgnbH , hpnbctvH jv mgnmoH h .sdvH bnbwq h xtbvH

.Ud#. tMdN

 .o<gy<hiMnbH i<g h .jyhgjH ;gjk b<jH bs<lnmp hf yvgnbH ,nbp<gvH

bs<lnmp gi l mwpnhooH bcfMnm Qokp h nbn,pMnpnbvH l bcfMG ,

uvgonbH bs<lnmU i<g l mwp;gonbH tMn, lnhp ,yMpmhdj l m<coG

bcfMnm QokU] i<g , j<jubyvH h av bcfMvHjv hEj.vH , uvgvH

.gcfMnmonbnb i<g ,h jv nbpnm<h;vH nm av pgn, bcfMdpH bn,ohU] bq"

nmp h g;pT hEj.nmpN      8. ,<xvvH hnmvngcpH tMn, h mwpnhj .jynmnmp jv mgnhH .o<gy<hiMnbH

cU nbxMH bwgxnmU rnhV , pj<hvlvH .; hoho<gjH .jynmnmp    .EhV .y h yvgonbu;ci 1965 nmvmn,nmU p<;esnmoH] cUnbx< i<g

c<;olnmoH h bwvpnmG , bwgxvH j tuco;cU .y .EhV .y hsvhd;ci] tFf

xAU j xUco> i<g tso jnmvm;nbH .o<gy<hiMnbH fc<lolnmoH .vN    tMd .Ud#.] .o<gy<hiMnbH tso borUgtm;nbH n,K xwwH , udcom;vH

QokoH mdl fc<;olnmoH mdlN j mjo;cU yh hkE .o<gy<hiMnbH nmpnb>

cjfinb;cU .. Aokp] hpg jv .jy> yh j yvQ> .. Qokp] tso yh

jjgnmmfnbH .; fc<;olnmoH h .v pphgn,otvH xsw mgnmoH yh UgnbV j

mw Ugn, ppgn,ognyH jv nmvmvH] ,; yh i<g ,nho hsgjH .jyhpH i<g

hoho<gjH bcfMnmp i<g ;gjk mgnmoH h .vvH h bwvpnmvH fc<;olnmoHN

bfG hoho<gjH .jynmnmp ,nho h mdogjH ,h , fx j<logjH .ro> h

bcfMhgjH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp ,; yh nmpnb> UgnbV bf uvgnbHN    buV nmp h m<com;ponbH] .Ud#. bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnm bs<lnmp

Ugn,ognhU bp h pphvbG bnbwq jv mgnmoH] Ugn,Ug;M> jv j<logefpG

.jyhp i<g x; h .g<hiMov .. bnbwq m<x , .fpvH bnbwqN hpg jv

.jyH h .v cjfoG QokU l bcfM<cU cU nbxMG jv .v<cU l pgn, j<loy<cU

.. bnbwq] ,nho x; ,sgjH buV hohoUv nmvmn,nmoH bs<lnmoH x;

nmgyn,nbH] i<g x; jv .jyH h .vV bs<lphU] .; Ugn,og;MnbH jv bktbvH

mgnmoH bnbwq h xtbov i<g xoE fc<;olnmht;H ,f uvmG bnb bnbwEN

b<h> mco>] ,h hpl , mgG l bkt<gynbG .. bnbwq] ,h yh hpl nbLE ,j

mw nmvmG bnb bnbwE .fgnmoH .vN    cU nbxMG h .vV h bkt<gylG bs<lnmU ,; yh bcfMnm QokU h .vcoH tp

Ugn,ognhU .o<gy<hiMnbH jv bknbvH .. Qokp .fgnmonbHN , oMgnmohdH

yh p<xV , j<dognhH .y bs<lnmU] tjMnm xMT h b;vjcU 2011] jv .jy> h

.jyhgH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp i<g jv .jyhU !Us_ CxOC<] , bkt<gynbV tMn,

.jyhp .Ud#.] j yMpbnyH gx<;V yMpmhoo> , tpvH hpb jv .jyH h mgG

Qokojy> i<g jv jn,fuH bs<lnmp hpg] jv bktgG .gcfMnmoH tp jv

cjfoH bnb QokU h bcvbnb<cU cU nbxMH , bcfMhvH bnbwqHN jkxV yh

eiEnh av p<nlnbwngnbH oyMpmhopUN    bq" yh jnuE bf m<co> b<xU h yvQfcU bnb QokU b<xU yhboy tso bf

bvconb lnhp bs<lnmoH xtmn,nmoH mdlN ,; yh] j tnpwucU yh .; h

pphvgvH .ro> bs<lnmoo> (hpnbcg U;ng< h mgMpdH hj .fohdjcU

pj<hvlnmoH) nmpnb> h n,iUgecpH jv tucongvH .ro> bs<lnmoo>N    ,; yh tp] .o<gy<hiM> h bkt<gynbG bnbwq] h Ugn,ognhucU jv mgG h mw

tFfcoj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmp jv bkt<genb<cU bnbwq fc<;olnmht;H+

nmp> h bkt<gecU .. bnbwq h .g<hiMov .fgnmooH i<g yh boj bnbwq

h xtbov .fgnmooH , nbn,oUvhdH gi lsgG bnb bnbwE h xvcoG

fc<;olnmht;HN bnb yh h bkt<gylG tso h tucocU .y jv mgxG p<xV h

mwudcoH bn,p jv nmvbG bnbwq h .fotvH] cfy yh mgod cUnbxMH .y

l mpcfM<cU hf bvbcfMcUN ,; yh tp] hf bo<;congonbU yh .y cU

nbxMH jv bf bwvpnmvH moonbH bnbwqH h mw boevhdj xtmn,nmp h

bm<coj i<g , hpnbctvH .EhfKHN    Prevention bknhtMnmU    9. .Ud#. jv .jyH h .v pphgn,Uvhdj bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmp

bs<lnmoH] Ugn,ognhnp jv yynmjhdj , uvgonbj] jv cjfohdj .Ej

mdogenmp gUd l .v jvn,cmhdH v tucoj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp

.o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwqH i<g ak;dnmMnmpN      h nbn,p<gonbucp jv .jyH h .vyhj jv j<junbcvhdj mwp;gonbj i<g jv

av pj<hvlnb<cU .Ud#. .gs<lphp jv boegysvH giwp;gonbj bs<lnmp

nbn,onmoH mw i<g h mw pnhj bs<lnmoHN hj .v wjm;ponbU v bf

uvgonbH bcfMnm nbp<gJnmp gx<;V jv og yynbjtG bcfMnm QokU i<g

dfcU h mw bkcfMG] v og nbp<gonbH bcfMnmoH ynhMpmhp mgQn,nmp

i<g ppgn, j<lovhdj gig<dj h m<coH mgnmoH] bs<lnmoH] j<jubyhlnm

bs<lnmoH ,; yh bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmoHN    ,;go yh l .v j<lovhdjcU ,h jv bjgn,coH bcfMnmU ,h jv onqLjp;coH

,; yh hf tucocp bcfMnmoH .y ,w pphvgonbH m<x , cjfohdH

bs<lnmU i<g jv n,vm;vH .o<gy<hiMnbH ,nm pgn, j<logjH bs<lnmoHN    

m<x , bf yynbjtG jv .jyH h .vcoG bcfMnm QokU] ep Jj pmovhd>

.y ,svhdH ynbsMpmhoH i<g , bf cjfohdj jfdogenmonbnb h mwogrH

, uvgonbj bs<lnmp i<g gUd lsvhdjcU ,nm ytucongonbH bs<lnmU h mw

yocoH] b<h> ep hpl jsgonbU .y , m<coH i<xv jxvco> b<xU] ,nho yh

,doeponbH .vg> ,h , cxM<lothnmkH jv .jyH .v] h .v Kt<hnbG jv

.jynb] h .jyhgjH pph> bs<lnmp ,; yh hohiUg;MvH bs<lnmoH h nbn,ogjH

gi l mwp;gonbooH bs<lnmpN bcfMnm nbp<gJnmp , uvgonbj pj<hvlnmoH

,;go l mw tucom;nb<cU moonbH hoho<gjH bs<lnmp i<g .Ud#. jv

.jy> gx<;V jv uvgnb<cU bcfMnmp bktmsnmoHN    bo<lohoH jv .jyH h .vcoG bcfMnm QokU] bq" hnhkv mgcU l .v bcfMG

bcfMnm nbp<gJnmoH jv .wgonbj mgnmoH bcfMnmp i<g ;gjk hf yvgyhj

bs<lnmp hf cLdpnhj , mg<gonbj gx<;V ypvsgenmp] pgn,j<lovlnmp ,;

yhbs<lnmU h .w pgn,ognhjN QokU ynbsMpmhU hj mw cjfoG QokU hf

yvgonbj bcfMnmp .v] Ugn,ognhnp] jv pgnbcvhdH gUd l mw tucongonbj

bcfMnmp i<g , hpnbctG QokU l .v gxgnmcoG bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp ,

bcfMhvhdjN    h mwp;gonbH bcfMnmoH ep hj jxvgonbnp .Ej bcfMnmph av g;wuyhj

mgnmoH] q;V] Ugn,ognhU jv tu .fohdj vbf wjgonbj jv pjmfJyhj] ,h

nhg> jv xrUvhdj ,;go yh l .vcoj lnhp l .v ytuxvlyhj mgnmoH] jnuE

yh q;V h m<co> ncyw bf tucoj lnhp h bcfMhvhdj] buV hf

bm<com;ponbH x; QokoH mdlN    

10.   hf j<junbvgonbU h mw uvgonbj bxg> h m<cDj i<g h

jnpicoj bcfMnmp ynbV hohiUgnhj l nbnmvm;ponbH p<xV h

bktgonbj moonm bnbwqH xtmn,nmpN      ep mgnhU h n,vgnhH pEnlnbwgnmU , uvgonbH bs<lnmU} xwwH ggx<;vgnhnp

lnhp h uvgonbj h bmjH mgnmoH jkxV .y m<com;ponbU mgnmoH] ep nbLE

mjU jq<xU mgnmoH gi<xv jfyjcoH i<g x; , twjMyhH jv bcfMnmoH

mdlN bnbwqH p<xV poKiUg;MnbH .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH , .v<hcnm<gjH

lnhp h yocom;vH .fgnmonbH tMn, x; mw h yocom;ponbH xyfMnmoH]

tonlnmU] yv Us;up hsvlyhj],h ,fx mgnhj nb<hmhp] jfyjMnmU] ,h ,

bcfMnmo<hH ,; yh ynbV h jwcoH .vg> h .fpjH .xyfMnmonbnb .EhfKH

.d h mw gwlkH] ,nhoj ynbV tFfvH h gwvH nmp tMn,<ht;H , bjtvHN    |, yynmhtvH .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH h hpn,otvH ,;go n,v j<lovhdH

lnhp h svlyhj mgnmoH h bm<coj buV hf pj<hjH moonbH

.ak;dnmMnmonbHN|      cfy x; bktgonbnhn, lnhp h borUgtm;ponbH mgnmoH hjtuco>] ,

oiKoUg;m;vH bnbwqH xtmn,nmoH h gwipnhU yh nmp .yN h gwi boevhdj

h mw yocoj mgnmp] p<xV jfyjgnhU] ep i<g hj Aoconb bg , uvgonbj]

cfy x; ynbV h JlognhH bcfMnm mg<gJnmU i<g tMn, h .jynbH nmvngngn,

hj bf yrU bvco>N , yynbhtvH .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH h hpn,otvH ,;go

n,v j<lovhdH lnhp h svlyhj mgnmoH h bm<coj buV hf pj<hjH moonbH

.ak;dnmMnmonbHN hpg i<g .Ud#. jv .jynbH] hj sgnyH jv nmvbcfMyhvH

.o<gy<hiMnb .jyhp i<g hoho<gtov bs<lnmp jv nbn,p<gvH nbn,onmoH gi

lmwp;gnb<cU l mw nmvmn,vHN  

 ep nmp yy<hdognhU bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU nhg> yyE jv mwp;gonbH bcfMnmU

mgnmoH i<g x; h .v QokohvhdHN ,nho h mwp;gonbH .y bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmU jv tsoMponbH ,uvgonbH} ep nmp .v mwp;gonbH nhg> x; jv

uvgonbj hav g;wuyhj lnhp h yocom;ponbHN , bcfMhvhdj j

fdog;Mpnb> jv pgn, j<logrH jv mgvH l nbnmvm<jH i<g jkxV mgnhU lnhp

lf pjgonbH bs<lnmoH l nmvm;ponbHN      Funding - Short Term    QokU bs<lnmU - h DnhajgonbH    11. Ugn,ognhU jv nbn,p<gonbH Qokonm nbn,p<gJnmU jv .v pphgn,otG

QokU .o<gy<hi<nbH h xtbvH bnbwq .vN    tFngLjpnhU lv mg<dnhcU poKiUg;MnmoH] bcfMnmU nbp<gJnmoH jv nmvmngcU

.ojm;ynbH] yv Us;up h .fpjH hjJtn,nmU i<g ;g jk lnhp h nbpbn,yhj

mgnmoH buV hf oMgn,ovhdj ,svlyhj . o<gy<hiMnbH .ngcfMnmonbHN boy

yh hsvhdH hjJtn,nmoH ep xvconb buV h mw bcfmG QokU q;V

bwvcongonbj .o<gy<hiMnbH h mw xUcongvH bcfMnmoH ,h p<xV h mw

twjcoG QokU ynbsMpmhoHN    QokU h av cjfoG bs<lnmU .pQn,nmoH xvco> h mgMpdH x<jgMpmhoH 10

.g bnbwwnm i<g ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmoH ynhMpmhoH] .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmU nmvmn,nmoH] , ogn,ohdH p<x V , j<dognhH , uvgonbH i<g

gx<;V x; , ak; xUcongonbH , dognhU h mw hEjgyJvH moonbH h

xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmpN ,nho yh mw hpnbcvhdH bfG moonm

ak;dnmMnmoH i<g mgnmoH h gwlvH bn,ohpH] .Ud#. h .vcoG bcfMnm

QokU ,h p<xV , cxM<logH p<xV .gpH bmsgT .d mdlN    |j Ugn,og;Mpp> gx<;V jv nbnmvmskU , nbn,p<gkH lnhp l tuco mn,yhj

buV h m<coj .o<gy<hiMnbH h uvgvH .o<gy<hiMnm bn bwwnm i<g

ak;dnmMnmp - nbn,onmoH jv gwicoj , ytuxvhdj i<g jv bf unhj

,nm nl<jxvhdj|    h tucomn,yhj bcfMnmU , uvgonbH hjJtn,nmoH mw .Ud#. boj

cjfpe;cU] ep nmp ;gjkH bn,ohpH i<g x; h x<nhxvhdH bs<lnmoH .v]

,nho yh l hnlvy<cU gi l mwp;gonbjcU .yN Ugn,ognhU yh jv yynm uvgkU

.y nbp<gJnmU jv qAdyhH , yynm uvgvH .o<gy<hiMnbH h xtbvH moonm

bnbwq i<g ak;dnmMnmp - ,h Jj h bkvgonbH mg<gJnmU h yEhnb<dH jv

mwp;gonbH h pnbcgnyH h mgMpdH (p<;enmU hj .fohd;ci , pj<hvhonbH

6 h mgMpdH)N    moonm j<jubylnmp i<g sgenmp jv .v nmvm;ponbH hjJtn,nmoH gwi h

bf wjgonbucp i<g jv wxpn,M<vhdj lnhp h uvgonbj ,nho cfy l bf

unhU lnhU ,f hEjgonbHN ,nho i<g ,ngonbH , j<jubynbcvhdH gUd mgonbH

bcfMnmoH gwi h uvgonbH hEjgyJnmU yh moonm bo<l xyfMnmoH hf

bm<coj.v j<junbcvhd> ep nmp gs xAU] ep i<g jv .jyH h mgJgH lnhp

h bm<cooj h uvgG] ep hpnbcvhdnb ..N  

 j Ugn,og;Mpp> i<g jv hpnbcgyH p<xV t<gm , m<coG QokU ,uvgonbj

bs<lnmp .d jn,fuH] h m<coj nmp qnbuH .U.#.N q;] h j<dodpp>

p<xV , tFfj moonm mg<hiMnmp .d h mw gwlvH .o<gy<hiMnbHN    .Ej bcfMnm nbp<gJnmU Ugn,ognhU tMn, lnhU j hpnbcvhdH QokU ,

nbocjfoG bs<lnmoH] l m<com;ponbH bs<lnmU , uvgonbH i<g hf

ojgonbj bcfMnmp lf bx<gjH .Ej bcvbhpHN ,; tp] h mwp;gonbH

bcfMnm QokU yynbjvhoH] h mw mgnhj mgnmp h mw hpnbcvhd>] h

ppnbcsyhj mgnmp jn,fuH i<g tMn, xUcMnmU jv bjvhdj] ep nmp buV h

mwp;gonbj xUcJnmp] ep dxUco> QokU h m<com;ponbH buV xUxJnmoHN

buV yh q;V] h mwp;gonbH xUxJnm QokoH] yynm hpnbcvhd> x; h mw

cjfoG bcfMnm QokU] q;V] jq<xU nmp bcfMnmU h uvgonbH hjJtn,nmoH ,

xvcoH ,nhoy snm bs<lnmU p<xV h hpnbcvhdH i<g hEjgonbH jv pjmG

.gQokU h m<coH , uvgonbH bs<lnmU] , ufcojfoG yh QokU .y

hjJtn,nm bs<lnmU fc<;ohdH h .vcoG bnb QokU ,<xv j<dovhdH.y snm

bs<lnmUN    hjJtn,nmp bs<lnmoH p<xV bxwE cjfphonbU QokU] ,nho yh n, Ugn,og;MvH

boj h nbn,ocjfpvH Qokp jv fx hpnbcgjH gi l m<com;ponbH bs<lnmp

, xtgonbj , uvgonbj ak;dnmMnmp jv tucongonbj , jn, tucomfJvH

.ak;dnmMnmonbH h yocovHN

 Governance ak; xUcongnmU    12. h pjbhonmcpH h nmvngvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH .jynmoH – hg

.wgonbucU jWbknm bxnmU gw h mwpnhj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH] gs h

mwpnhj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .o<gy<hiMnbH Ugn,ognhU jv bwgxvH h mw

yynm bx<vhdH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU bs<lnmUN    Ugn,ognhU jv bvgonbH bn,onmoH h mg<gJvH nmp .Ud#. bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp] jv hpnbcvhdj h m<com;vH .o<gy<hiMnbH nmpnb> h m<com;vH

, xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbHN    .o<gy<hiMnbH .fg<hiMnbnb h mwpnhooj] hkE hj av svhdjcU .;eynbH

nmpnb> ,j xtgvH bnbwwnm xtbnbJnmp .o<gy<hiMnbH ak;dnmMnmonbHN gs h

mwpnhj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp hg wjyhonmcpH jv nbn,p<gvH .gcfMnmonbH]

jWkbnm bxnmU jv bwgxvH jWbknbH h mw bx<vhdH bcfMnmU jv .v

hl<jesgnhcU i<g ytutn,nmp bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoHN q;V] bfG mgnmoH ep

Jj cxM<lognyH .d mdl ep yh boy h mwpnhucU tMn, x; h mwpnhH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU h bwgxcpH jWbknbHN    ;gjk h mw uvgonbj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp jv jn,fuH h mwbgcfMvH bnbwq

h xtbvH] j cjfpnyH ohonm p<;enmoo> .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH jv

cjfovH jv bwfpjH moonm mwvlnmp sgenmp i<g hsgjH , j<dogjH lnhp

h bcfMhgjHN .y yh hj mw p<jesvhdH nbn,onmoH hf wjgynhnp ;gjH

bs<lnmoH i<g mgnmoH .y jv mw hpnbcvhdH , xtmG bnbwEN

 

h hnlsvhdcU h mw uvgonbj bnbwwnm xtmn,mnmp jv mg<cU QokU l

bcfM<cU .o<gy<hiMnbH jv fx bknbvH Qokp , xUcongvH .o<gy<hiMnm

bnbwq , xtbvHN .Ud#. jv .jyH h .v cjfoG bcfMnm QokU h

Ugn,og;MnbH nbnmvngvH moonbH ,nm xUcongov bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp

.fgnmoH] jv pj cjfpnb<cU Qokp bcfMnm nbp<gJnmoH i<g ,nm bf ak;

xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp] .Ud#. jv .jyH .v] mgnmoH i<g ;gjk ..

snm bs<lnmp h m w uvgonbjN .y yh hnmsvhdH hf cLdpnhU gi nbsvhdH

bs<lnmoH jv bcfMnmoH nbp<gJnmoH .Ud#. jv .jyH mdlN h mw fx

uvgonbH yh .y ,nmsvhdH ,nho ,w oMgn,ohdH , DnhalkH h .v

nmvm;ponbH] hj mg<gkU yh UfdogenmoH l mw tucongonbcU bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp] .o<gy<hiMnbH nmpnb> fxpn, jv xUcongnb<cU bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbH] jv uJibjH hj mg<gonbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH

.pQn,nmoHN q;V yh] cfy x; qAggonbl .y ,nm hnlsvhdH hj m<co> i<g

p<;esgnhn, ;gjkH .. snb bs<lnmp h uvgvH hj qAgn,ggonbU , xtmvH

moonm bnbwqHN

 13. h mg<dH .y bcfMnmU hj mw .fohnmkU] .o<gy<hiM> h ytutn,G .g

.Ud#. jv .jy> h .jyhgH bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmp] h

gwicocU .y bcfMnmUN    ,nho bq" okpuqC xMT , uvgkU .y UgcfMnmU] .o<gy<hiM> hytutn,G h

mgxkU] , ppgn, j<logyU lnhp h bormn,yhj .y .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwqH

xtmn,nmU .d .Ud#.N gnaLogenmU yh Ugn,ognhU jv mgnhH bs<lnmoH] h mw

ppgn, j<logyU bcfMnmph bm<coj mgnmoH] i<g h wjgonbucp ,

bcfMhvhdj ,;go yh lfw tucongonbj bcfMnmp ohU mdlN Ugn,ognhU jv

cLdp;gG .gcfMnmU h ytutn,G .o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbH] jv mgnhH

bktmsnmU h oho<gjH bs<lnmp i<g jv .jyH h .v pphgn,ovhdjN j<dognhU

i<g h bkt<gynbG moonb jv mwpnhH UgcfMnmU] jv j<log;gonbH gwi ,

uvgonbH .y ytutn,nmU bs<lnmU] ,; yh i<g] h bkvcongG lnhp h

.pbnmryhj bcfMnmo ,; yh yvV] .o<gy<hiMnbH .ag;Mnmonbnb jv

boevhdoj .fgnmonbH .vN .y bcfMnmU Ugn,ognhU jv nmvngG moonm

mgnmoH jv ak; xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbH aEjE yh jv nmv

bktmsvH jv .jynbN .y h mgxkU h ytutn,G] tMn, lnhU .g xvco>h mw

bcfMhgyU bs<lnmoH] , bktbjH bs<lphpH jv .v tucongvH h uvgvH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp i<g , bkt<gyU lnhp bs<lnmoH h yocom;ponbH i<g

moonm bnbwqH] ak;dnmMnmp i<g mgnmp , boegnyH . ag;MnmonbnbN    Future Challenges ohU mdl lf botm;ponbH bs<lnmoH    14. jn, boegenmU h mgnhucU jv oMsvhdH hj i<xv .fongcU moonm

bnbwqH itgp xAU .gpH] ,; yh U;ng<Jtgp h mgMpdj xAp jv .v

yvgonbjcU (U;gJtgp ynbsolnmU hj mwohd;ci)N    rnhV bom xAp] U;ngJtgp h mgMpdj] jv tFG moonm bnbwqH j i<xv

.fphonbnpH ,; yh n,t<f;wnbH ,j tovH jv hpn,oyvH ,j jsgmvH i<g bfG

b<xU bht jvhtH ,j mw cjfovH xsE b<jkN ,nhoy yh U;ngJtgp ynbsohU hj

mwohgjH] boy yh n,vj mwohgjH lggnmU x; ,j .vcmvH bnbwqH .fgnmonbH

,; yh ,j jsgmvH nbpnmvtH .fgnmonbH .v] ,h yh hpl , .v hnlvtvH

.ojm;ynbH i<g ,h , .v j<logtmvH gUd h mwnmotv .DnbwtwnbnbN jv tFG

yh .; bnbwqH hj .fovH ep hpl .v j<lognyH gUd n,g<hiMvH i<g ep .v

j<lognyH gUd h msgmvH] n,t<f;wnb x; , hpn,ot;vH i<g ,j bf j<jubyvH

jv j<lunbclvH gUd mwpnhooH .xyfMn

 ep j<lovhd> go h mw nhgjmvH rnhV hj mw hpn,otvH ,; yh i<g tp ,j

bf bo<l bv jsgmvH h mw hpn,otngcU bvlU x; , bf phgjH h .g<hiMvH

i<g moonm mwvlnmp sgenmoHN ,nho yh ,dovhdH] ,j nhgloemvH gx<;V

hj sgvH j<jubysnmht;H hj gwlmvH bnbwqHN

 ,;; yh hj .fpvH bnbwq ,h h cxM<lotvH q;V h mw j<lovhdH boj hj

bwvpnmvH .y hj sgvH bnbwqH] hj jsgmvH , phgvH b<xU .ojm;nbnb i<g

.fgnmonbnb] ,nhoro> h ywm;vH .xyfMnmonbH hjsgvH i<g h bmwpnhooj

.xyfMnmonbnb buV] yocom;nbH yh ohU mdl , bf xyfMvH] ep j fx

pmognyH ep nbLE mjU gUd mw gwlvH .; .o<gy<hiMnbHN gigwvH yh .v hj

.vcmvH .fgnmonbH .v moonm bnbwqHN gUd yh mgnbnli<g gi sgynbl buV

hjwhoHN .. hnlvlemp hj p<nlnbwgonbucpN    cfy yh x; pgn, j<lovhdl .y] h mw yMpJvH .; h j .fovH bnbwqH]

bs<hT hj av .fovH moonm bnbwqH] jq<xU yh t<hnbngn, hj mjU jv mgnhU

fc<;olnmU hj sgvH boj bnbwqH hj gwlmvH j<jubysnmht;H ,nhoy snm

lnhp h boegyUN .y yh pgn, j<logenmU hf bwvco> .g hpg jv .jy>] hj

mwp;gonbH ,K x; fc<;olnmoH hj cjfohdj bnbwqH hj gwlmvH

j<jubysnmht;H m<x hf j<Apvlnb<cU] jv ynbsMpmhdoj .fcvenmonbnb hj

mw nhgloevH hj mw hpn,otvHN

 ,nho yh hj av mw j<logefohnmkU] yosc b<j" , bkvH hEj.nmoo> jv

hEjgvH jv av jn,gbvH bnbwq hj jsgmvH .fgnmonbH .vN ,; yh x; l

nbcyvH .ojm;nbnb av jn,gmngn, q;V bq" jWbnmfnlpH .;N j evlogenb;cU

.; hj n,fgmvH .fgnmonbH i<g ,j hEjgvH yosc b<j" jv av jn,fbvH ..

i<g hj pgn, j<lodU gUd nev lsgycU lnhU nb pgn, j<logyU .d mdlN ,;

yh x; bf jsdg jv bf uvgokU .y pgn, j<lovlnmU] ep Ugn,ognhU jv

gwi b<dH gx<;V hjsgvH hj gwlmvH j<jubysnmht;H] jv tFf xAp ,j b<dH

ncyw bf uvgonbHN

 15.   .o<gy<hiMnbH bnbwqH xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nmoH .pQn,nmp -

.Ud#. i<g hpg jv .jynbH bq" hj nhkg<gcpH nbn,onmp jv

bktgvH .ro> .pQn,nmoo> i<g jv p<nlnbwgnb<cU jv

cLdg;gnb<cU gUd mwpnhj .sjynmonbnb .o<gy<hiMnbH i<g x;

.o<gy<hiMnbH h xUcongvH bs<lnmpN      ;gjk b<jk .gcfMnmonbnb h xUcongvH i<g .o<gy<hiMnbH gx<;V h mw

yynbosvH .Ud#. .o<gy<hiMnbH] yynmhgenmp .jynmnmp p<;enmU #3 ,; yh ebH<] bHnhK<Ko] h m<conbH bq" lhG i<g nmpnb> jvbf p<;esvhdoH fxpn,

jv xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp nmvmn,nmoH .pQn,nmp l mw pmpnhooj

.g<giMnbnb .g<jnbHN .Ud#. i<g hpg jv .jynbH Ugn,og;MnbH jv nbn,ohgjH

.pQn,nmp lf bf borUgtm;vH] .o<gy<hiMnbH ,nm xUcongvH bs<lnmp h

uvgvH .fgnmonbHN h tucom;cpH .ysgjH jv .jynb v cjfpjH bktmnmp v

o<fj .jynmp bktmsnmoH ,h nmp jv gw a.vH .y jv sgjH ,; yh i<g jv

t<gm h m<com;ponbU , nbn,ovhdH bn,p l xUcongG .. bs<lnmp

.o<gy<hiMnbH .fgnmonbHN

 q;V yh h m<co>] jv bf j<lovhdH bn,ohpH l xUcongvH bs<lnmp

.fgnmonbHN lvpLUgnhU yh bn,p h m<cjdoH h g;pH bs<lnmp jv m<cooH

i<g x; jv .jyH h .vV bn,ppnbV h jWbknmG bq" n,EhV h .v bcfMG snb]

Ugn,ognhU yh xgy jv bktgonbH jv nbocjfohdH .pQnbvlnmU lnhU l.v toG

hj nbn,pctG jv xUcongG .ro> bs<lnmoo>N    jv .v oMgn,ohdj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .pQn,nmoH Ugn,ognhU jv bktmsvH

h o<ngLjpnhj .jynmnmp jv .v pmcoj nbn,onmoH i<g , nbn,p<gonbH ,

cjfohdj .pQn,nmpN        

Summary ynbsMpmhU fcvenmoH    .g UfcvenmoH] Uj cjfi< nbp<gJnmp l uvgonbjN bfG yh q;V ,nho snb

buV h uvgonbj xt,nmnmoH hkE .vN tMn, yh q;V Ugn,ognhnp jv

bwfohdj bs<lnmoH hj mw nbpMpmhdH bs<lnmoH jv bf bvcongonbj buV

h uvvhdj moonm bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH .d .Ud#.N    ,nho ,w gnaLogyU jv .jyH h .vvH bs<lphpH p<xV , bcfMhgjH moonm

bnbwwnm i<g .EhfKH xtmn,nmpN Uj nbcdU p<xV , fxsgjH .gcfMnmonbnb

rnhV bktmsponbH] , pgn, t<hjH gUd ynbV l mw tucongonbjcU bcfMnmU

i<g , yynm bcfMtsvHN bf unhU yh , bf nbnmvngonbH bs<lnmoH}

.Ud#. jv .jy> i<g nmp , bcfMhgH jv tucomvH bnbwqH h mw

hpn,og;MvHN j pjpnyH i<g bcfMnm Qokp U;ngG moonb<jH h mw xUcongvH

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmpN q;V ,gnhnp .g hnm nbpxvlyhj lnhpN    boy ;gH lnhp hj mw Ugn,ognyU nbp<gJnmoH jv pjmngcU bcvbhpH .g

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH] gx<;V h pphgn,oyvH i<g h nmv bcfMhgjH

ak;dnmMnmp ytutn,nmoH mdl] jv mgnhH .g nmv bcfMtsnmU i<g h .v

pphgn,ovhdj xtmn,nmp .Ud#. jv .jyH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH h mg<djN

ep nhg> x; jsdpp> bnbwE boy yh jv mdogyU bq" , jwgkH

jgcfMnmopnbN Ugn,ognhU .ojm;ynbH jv bwgxvH bktmsnmoHN , bvp;Mov

bn,ohpH hnm bf hpn,ot;G bnbwE Ugn,ognhU aknhU jv mfgnhj hl<jtn,nmp

,nho yh yE;V l pmogtm;vH .ojm;ynbH j<lognhn,N    

-­‐ |h yEhn,Udpp> jv bcMhgnbnhH bnbwqH i<g  jv oMsgyH .y bs<lnmU xtmn,nmoH|  

- MUf xpHm<ngH    mgnhU i<g hj .fohdH nbp<gJnmoH jv .fofcU cU nbxMH .v jv uvg<cU

bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp] ,nhoy p<xV h mw Ugn,ogjH moonbH .Ud#.N .y yh

bs<lnmU hj mwp;gonbH Ugn,ognhU jv bkt<gynbG .fooy fc<;olnmht;H h

pmognyH yh moonbH , mgov bn,onb l ytwsgnbvH ,h nmp nbpnmftH jv

.vG bn,p .y jv bcfMhgH moonm mgnmpN Uj bktbgkH i<g jWbknbH

.jynmp h mw bwgxvH yynm bx<genmoH i<g .o<gy<hiMnbH bs<lnmoH

yynbx<genmoH jv mgnhooH v ak; xUcongvH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp .fgnmonbHN

boy yh n,v svhdH ,h jv bn?kctvH bnbwqH h pphgn,og;MvH xtmn,nmoH

nmvmn,nmoH mdlN jv nbnmvm;ponbH yh m<x , jv m<com;ponbH h mw

yyocoj lnhp] Ugn,ognhU oMsgenmU jv bwfohdH , bktgonbj i<g jv bf

bo<;congonbj hEj.nmp bs<lnmoHN    j Ugn,og;Mpp> jv tucoj bktmsnmp gx<;V tMn, h bmwpnhj .jynmnmp]

.o<gy<hiMnbH] .Ud#. i<g hpg jv .jy>N h oho<gjH yh bs<lnmp h

ohiUgnhj jv boegysvH jv lnhp xUcomfJnmU] bcfMnm QokU ,; yh bn,p

l ohoggG bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp mgnmoH] ,; yh] buV h mwp;MG h

pphgn,ogH .. xtmn,nmp] nmp fx j<logT l; bs<lnmp l uvgonbj]

bn,ohU l xUcongG i<g ,;go l .v j<lovhdH gUd mw hEj.G ,uvgG

bs<lnmpN h Ugn,ognhU yh yynm p<;tsnmUgUd l mg<gonbj bs<lnmoH sgenmp]

l; j<junbvvlnmU l uJi,hdH i<g l mw ohuggonbj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp

n,K bnbwqH o<gT hhpnbcyhonbnpHN    h awnbhonbnpH moonbH h hlgn,ogjH .d mw jv yynm bktsvhdj bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmp jv bktgonbj ,nho cfy lf tucoj .d svhdlN ,; yh tp} h

mwpnmponbH bktmsnmoH hf tucongonbH yh xtmn,nmU ,f j<lovhdH gi

,m<coHN ep n,gU jv ytuxvhdH] q;V] gwi bcfMhvhdj hf tuco> ,nho

q;V ,<coj bcfMnmp h uvgonbjN hj mnd<cU] MUf xpHm<ngH rnhV hj

bkt<cU pj<hvlnmoH moonm bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU pj<hsnmoH] |jv gx<hyH

tusvlnmU i<g yEhnmMnmU jv .v uvgkH i<g oMsgyH bcfMnmp h uvgkH|    ;gH h j<dognhH hj boegyU UfcvenmoH jv oMgn,ovhdj hj mwyyoG jv

.jy> rnhV hj uvmvH hj hpn,otvH j<jubysnmht;H .gpH ,; yh bwV

U;ngJtgp h mgMpdj xAp (ynbsolnmU bnbwqH hj .fovH xsE ,w ccjfov)

hnm hnlsgH jv bvbG moonb n,t<f;wnm xyfMnmoH jv mwp;Mov] ,nho yh

n,v jsgH n,K , botcom;G , xtbG moonbH UgnbV yh ,nho hsgnbG

.o<gy<hiMnbHN bnbwqH hj .fovH , phgvH b<xU .ojm;nbnb i<g

.fgnmonbnb ,; yh ;gjk bn,ohp ,j hpn,ot;vH xoE , bf jWbknmvH

,;yh x; hf cjfovH ,h hpl , .v j<logjH gUd n,vvH i<g n,g<hiMvH

i<g gUd l .v nmvmvHN tso yh j nbosg;nbH .; bnbwqH .xyfMnmonbHN

,nho yh n,v j<dognhU jv fcsvhdoH hj mfvH i<g pmcol jv av jn,gmvH

nbp> hj jsgmvH .fgnmonbH h .vvH jv nbnmvngvHN    jq<xU l hEjgnbci jv cjfpyU mndnmoH gi<xv tFfj lnhp hj mw j<logyU

ak; xAU hj .v av yv bcfMkU} mg<hiMnmU ,;go n,v yEh.gyhH mgnmU

i<g bf bo<;co> jv yEhnbdj ak;dnmMnmp i<g bn,ohpH .vN h

bnhtMsvhd> yh q;V jv pmcoj bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp bs<lnmoHN ,; yh i<g]

gwi x; h bcfMhdpp> jv .v tucoH jv pphgn,otnhH bnbwqHN ,; yh

bfG h mw hEj.yhj .. snm bcfMnmp h mw uvgonbj] ep x; j nbcdpp>

h mw hEjgyJvH gx<;V hfw tucongvH ak;dnmMnmp i<g bnbwqH , bf

j<jubyJvH jv bo<l bcfMvH bf jWbnmngn,N h mw hpn,otvH moonm

bnbwqH x; yh jfw nbcfpp> gi<xv tFfvH boj h pphgn,otvH bnbwwnm

xtmn,nmoH cfy x;] fc<;olnmht;H h mw yMpJvH i<g x; jEApgJnmoH h

mw Ugn,og;MvH h mgjgyvH m<x l jEapvlvH - tMn, yh .. nmgylyhH ,h

, bf xvvcoH xtmn,nmU h mwp;gonbj .o<gy<hiMnbH .vN    boy h mndyjgonbH] bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU] hj j<jubyJvH .. snmH bs<lnmoH

h tucongnbHN ,h yh nmp j<lognhn, moonm mwvlnmp sgenmp giwpnhooj

ep hj nbnmvngnbH ak;dnmMnmp h xslyhooj fc<;olnmoH m<x .Dnbwtwnbnb

, .fotvN bnbwwnmxtmn,nmU h mw pphgn,otvH bnbwqH p<xV tsoMnbH ,

uvgvH .gcfMnmonbnb ,h jv nbosgvH bnbwqHN ,nho yh n,v Ugn,ognhH jv

.fovH bcvbhpH .y h mw hEj.vH i<g nhk<H h uvgvH .gcfMnmonbnb ,nho

akH .o<gy<hiMnbH h xUcongvH .. snm bs<lnmp .fgnmonbHN ,h ,fx

svhdH bs<lnmU bf poKiUg;MnbH bnbwqH h mw hpn,Ug;MvHN jj nbcfpp>

yp h m<coj bs<lnmoH pph> lnhp h nbpxvlyhj ,h nhk<H , uvgonbH

bs<lnmU boy yh , m<coH ep jfx uvbhonbnpH bnbwqH jv tucomvHN ,;

yh tp] boy lnhp ynbV h j<dognhH} bnbwqH o<gT jv ohiUg;MvH ,

xtmvHN      

Acknowledgements j<logefomn,nmp    ,; yh hfw boyH Ugf uvgU UfcvenmoH} jv j<logefohonbH tMn,

bn,ohpH hj av nmvmvH ,nm pp<;yjHN Ugotm;U q;V , tFfvH l pp<;yjH

tMn, hj av nbnmvngvH i<g hl<jtvH] ,;yh yE;V Uhcgb> bn,p h j<dog;MGN

,; yh otvpn,MU .y sgyiN      nDV My%G

ym;_ b%f  UgU .W  lU #SG  s#<K m<fxU<

.jyhU xGs% h_O<

xHs% aOfL

.jvgn, gkU lO

aK_ ;#U

j_A%G m<tG

m<d_ Mny%G

qoU ;@G

nDvp hnm-!S$<

.jyhU hnbWMGtjpH

n,Uf m<s%vU

e# SU<

y%OU x,%

np%y ncCMG

go< m<tG

r# c_PUg"

af lof

l# gAAUgUH    

nmvmdnmU ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp  fjphU bnbwwnm/ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmU

UfO; bowpaH/ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmp

moonm bnbwqH/ak;dnmMnmU xtmn,nmp

s!Us

bowpa bxUS_ ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmp

ncCG n,OkT .o<gy<hiMnbH

jWkb> ncCG n,OkT .o<gy<hiMnbH

jWbk> yynm jv .jyhsnmoH #3 jWbk> yynm jv .jyhsnmoH #3 yynm jv .jyhsnmoH #3 nDvp to<fH .o<gy<hiMnbH #3 bknbg .o<gy<hiMnbH

nbGxE Mx" .o<gy<hiMnbH

ikh! x<jgxnmU- m<nlnbH bxnmU

ikh! x<jgxnmU - m<nlnbH bxnmU !xUKU

Jx#.% p<;tsnmU m<nlnm.jynmU !xUKU

Jx#. p<;tsnmU m<nlnm.jynmU

!xUKU Jx#. p<;tsnmU m<nlnm.jynmU

.Ud#. bnbwwnm xtmn,nmp yemsnmU

hoho<gH .Ud#. m<nlnm yemsnmU

yUpE bnbwE i<g ak;dnmMnmU bs<lnmU

 !#< Uc<s%

jv .jyhU

cG ygx

,Gs#kU a_vL

jv .jyhU !Us% xOC<

s#p tHhm  

bowpa b<j" .jynmnmU

.Ud#. mfkpH yenbxnmU

.Ud#. mfkpH yenbxnm

yynbxnmU ,$;nb i<g moonmynbvmsnmU

yynbxnmU ,$;nb i<g moonm ynbvmsnm  

 jv .jy> $#U A%gU] op<;y> hj av nbnmvngG i<g wjtktG jv .wgkH fcvenmU;      • tMn, hj av bxvH .g pj<hvlnmU nbn,p<gJnmoH;  • hj av nbnmvngvH .o<gy<hiMnm bnbwwnm xtmn,nmoH;    • nbpQn,nmoH hj av e<jcongvH jv fx uvgonbH bnbwwnm xtmn,nmU]

tMn, hj av mw nmvngvH;  i<g    • jv .jyH bs<lphpH hj av mw nbnmvngvH , ynbsMpmhdH .y

fcvenmU ,; yh p<xV ,j tusgnmvH p<xV op p<;eUN      

bnbwqH n,v j .wgonbH .y fcvenmyMpmhUN pohU bxU uQ (bnbwqH o<gT)N    

tnlV