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Managing Creativity

and InnovationWilliam Y. Jiang, Ph.D.

Professor and Department Chairof Organization and Management

San Jos State University

Tel: 408-924-3551Email: william.jiang@sjsu.edu

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Objectives

Describe the creative processExplain the personality traits of creative

people

Explain how the four cognitive creativity skills

are promoted by creativity techniques.

List the five categories of characteristics that

distinguish creative people from noncreative

peopleExplain the organizational conditions that

hinder and promote creativity

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Innovation - Defined

Innovation is the implementation of new

ideas at the individual, group or

organizational level

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Creativity - Defined

Creativity is the development of ideas about

products, practices, services, or procedures

that are novel and potentially useful to theorganization

Eureka!

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What Does It Take

to Be Creative?

Time

Hard work

Mental energy

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The Creative Person

How are they different?

Personality Traits

Cognitive Creativity Skills

Domain-specific Knowledge

Intrinsic Motivation

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Characteristics of Creative

People

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Personality Traits of

Creative People

Persistence

Self-confidence

Independence

Attraction to complexity

Tolerance of ambiguity

Intuitiveness

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Personality Traits of

Creative People

Have broad interests

Are energetic

Drive to achieve

Love their work

Take risks

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Cognitive Creativity Skills

Think creatively

Generate alternatives

Engage in divergent thinking

Suspend judgment

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Domain-Specific Knowledge

Develops Via

Education Training

ExperienceContextual

Knowledge

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Creativity EnhancersFocus on intrinsic

motivationCreativity goals

Developmentalfeedback

Supportive supervision

Healthy competition

Participative decision

makingAutonomy

Hire creative people

Enriched, complexjobs

Provide resources

Clear organizationalgoals

Instructions to becreative

Recognize and rewardcreativity

Encourage risk taking

No punishment for

failure

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Creativity Enhancers

Workforce diversity

Internal and external

interaction

Diverse teams skilledat working together

Supportive climate

Organizational

culture the promotes

innovation

Flexible, flatstructures

Close interaction

and relationships

with customers

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How Can Organizations

Foster Creativity?

Hire creative &

diverse workforce

Design complex &

challenging jobs

Set clear

org. goals

Recognize &

reward creativity

Set creativity

goals

Use diverse

teams

Create the right

org. culture

Provide resources

esp. time

Be Creative!

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Management Style and

Creativity

Encourage risk taking

Provide autonomy

Encourage productivity - sweatequity

Supportive supervision, climate, and

work groupParticipative leadership

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Organization Design

and Creativity

Flexible

Flat

Structures

Internal &

External

Interaction

Close Contact

w/ Customers

That promote

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Creativity Killers

Excessive focus on extrinsic

motivation

Limits set by superiors

Critical evaluation

Close, controlling supervision

Competition in a win-lose situationControl of decision making

Control of information

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Stages in the Creative

Process

Preparation

IncubationVerification

Illumination

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Flow - Defined

Flow (autotelic experience) occurs when

people experience a state of effortless

concentration and enjoyment

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Creative Thinking

TechniquesBrainstorming RulesExpressiveness - Say whatever ideas come

to mind without focusing on constraints

Non-evaluation - No criticism allowed; allare valuable

Quantity - Produce as many ideas as

possibleBuilding - Expand on other

peoples ideas

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Creative Thinking

Techniques

Brainwriting

Hybrid of both individualand group brainstorming

Produces more ideasthan brainstorming