creativity and triz

8/22/2019 Creativity and Triz

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T R I Z : A M E T H O D O L O G Y F O R C R E A T I V I T Yn D o m b , T h e P Q R G r o u p , U p l a n d , C A U S A

Technica l r i sk i s one l ead ing th rea t to the cos t and s chedule t a rge t s o f new produc t dev e lopm ents . W hether the "produc t " i s a phys ica l p roduc t , and in forma t ion t echnology sys tem, a s e rv ice , abus ines s concep t , o r a hybr id o f these , the t echn ica l r isks f r equen t ly becom e app aren t l a t e in

en t , w hen d i f fi cu l t ies a r e encounte red w i th p ro to types , w i th s ca l ing up to p roduc t ion , wi thsuppor t s e rv ices , o r in o ther a r eas tha t we re d i f f i cu l t t o ana lyze o r s im ula te ea r ly in the

!In the pas t , p ro jec t manage r s have consc ious ly a vo ided a l l k inds o f "c rea t iv i ty" on p ro jec t s , i n theha t c r ea t ive p rob lem so lu t ions increase the r i sk o f p ro jec t f a ilu re , s ince "c rea t iv i ty" has h ad the

be ing w i ld , uncont ro l l ed , und i sc ip l ined genera t ion o f new ideas tha t were o f l imi ted (o rprac t i ca li ty . So they were r igh t - - c re a t iv i ty w as a danger to the p ro jec t .

But c r ea t iv i ty can be manag ed . I t can be focused . An d i t can be the r eason tha t the p ro jec t

TRIZ i s a p rob lem so lv ing meth od tha t acce le ra tes the p ro jec t t ea m 's ab i l i ty to so lve these r isk -prob lem s (15). "TR IZ" i s the acronym in Russ ian fo r "Theo ry o f Inven t ive Prob lem S olv ing . "

the fo rmer U SSR . (1 ) I t i s now an in te rna t iona l s c i ence o f c r ea t iv i ty tha t re l i es on the s tudy o f theprob lem s and so lu t ions , no t on the spontaneous c rea t iv i ty o f ind iv idua l s o r g roups . Ov er 2 .8

ana lyzed to d i s cove r the pa t t e rns tha t p red ic t b reak through so lu t ions to

TRIZ research b egan w i th the hypothes i s tha t there a re un iver sa l p r inc ip les o f inven t ion tha t a r ecrea t ive innova t ions tha t adv ance t echn ology , an d tha t i f t hese p r inc ip les cou ld be iden t i f i edthey cou ld be t aught to peop le to mak e the p roces s o f inven t ion more p red ic tab le . The

d in s evera l s t ages over the l as t 50 year s. The th ree p r im ary f ind ings o f th i s

1 . P rob lem s and so lu tions were repea ted acros s indus t r ies and s c iences2 . Pa t t e rns o f t echn ica l evo lu t ion were r epea ted acros s indus t r i es and sc iences3 Innova t ions used s c ien ti f ic e ff ec t s ou t s ide the fi e ld whe re they were deve lop ed

uch o f the p rac t ice o f TRIZ cons i s t s o f lea rn ing these r epea t ing pa t t e rns o f p rob lem s- so lu t ions andechnica l e vo lu t ion , and m ethod s o f using s c ien t i f ic e f f ec ts , and app ly ing the genera l TR IZ

o the spec i f ic s i tua t ion tha t conf ron t s the deve loper . F igure 1 descr ibes th i s p roces s

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T R I Z E x a m p l e f o r a n I n d u s t r i a l P r o c e s sF or e xa m pl e , a pow e r f u l d e m ons t r a ti on o f t h is m e t ho d c om e s f r om t he pha r m a c e u t i c a l i ndus t ry

(2). Fol low ing the f low of F igure 1 , the specific pro blem is as fol lows:Ta i lored bac te r ia are used to cu l t iva te human horm ones , prod uc ing a supe r ior produc t to those r e f inedf rom an ima l sources . To prod uce the produc t , v e ry l a rge quant i t i e s of t a ilored bac te r ia ce l ls a re cu l turethen the ce l ls mus t be brok en open , and the ce l l wa l l ma te r ia l r emov ed, so tha t the use fu l hormon es canbe processed . A mechan ica l me thod for breaking the ce ll s had been in use a t a mo de ra te sca le for somt ime , but the y ie ld was 80%, and w as va r iab le . A cur rent c r i si s was a r educ t ion in y ie ld to 65% , and along- te rm pro blem was an t ic ipa ted in try ing to sca le prod uc t ion up to h igh ra te s , w i th y ie ld much be t te rt ha n 80%.

T he TRIZ generalproblem a t the h ighes t l eve l is to f ind a way to produc e the produ c t wi th no was ta t 100% yie ld , w i th no added complexi ty . A general T RIZ solut ion f o r m u l a i s " T he p r ob l e m s hou l dsolve i ts e l f. " An othe r gene ra l TRIZ so lu t ion i s tha t the pa t te rn of te chnica l evolu t ion i s tha t "mechan icadevices a re r ep laced by f i e lds . " This ma y seem ve ry gene ra l , bu t i t l ed the pha rm aceut ica l r e sea rche r s tana lyze a l l the resources avai lable in the problem ( the ce l ls , the ce l l wal ls , the f luid they are in, themo t ion of the f lu id , the process ing fac il ity , e tc. ) and to con c lude tha t th ree specific solutions had ve ryhigh potent ia l for the i r problem :1 . The ce l l wa l l s should be broken by sound wave s ( f rom the pa t te rn of evolu t ion of r ep lac ing '

mechan ica l means by f i e lds )2 . The ce l l wa l l s should be broken b y shea r ing , a s they pass through the process ing fac i l i ty (us ing the

re sources o f the ex i s t ing sys tem in a d i f f e rent way. )3 . An enzym e in the f lu id should "ea t" the ce ll wa l l s and re lea se the content s a t the des i r ed t ime

Al l th ree me thods hav e been te s ted success fu l ly , and the l ea s t expens ive , h igh es t y ie ld me th od w asin produc t ion in a ve ry shor t time .T h e T o o l s o f T R I Z

The "G ene ra l TR IZ So lu t ions" r e fer red to in F igure 1 have been d eve loped ove r the course of the 5yea r s of TRIZ re sea rch , and have been organized in many d i f f e rent ways (4 ,8 ,9) . Som e o f the se a reana ly tic me thods , such a s

The Idea l Fina l Resu l t Func t iona l Ana lys i s and Tr imm ing

t Loca t ing the Zones of Conf l i c t (More f ami l ia r to W es te rn pro jec t mana ge rs a s "Ro ot CauseAna lys i s . " )

Som e a re more pre sc r ip t ive , such a s The 40 Pr inc ip le s of Problem Solv ing The sepa ra t ion pr inc ip le s Laws of t e chnica l evolu t ion and technolog y forecas t ing

In the course of so lv ing any one t echnica l problem , one tool or m any can be used .prob lem solv ing i s shown in F igure 2 .

A f low cha r t for

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T h e 4 0 P r i n c ip l e s o f P r o b l e m S o l v i n g a r e t h e m o s t a c c e s s i b l e " to o l " o f T R I Z . ( 4 , 1 2 , 1 3 , 1 5 )T h e se ar e t h e p r in c ip l e s t h a t w e r e f ou n d t o r e p e a t ac r oss m an y f i e ld s , a s so lu t ion s t o m an y ge n e r a lc a t e gor i e s o f p r ob le m s . T h e y ar e u se d t o r e so lve c on t r ad ic t ion s , su c h as t h ose t h a t f r e q u e n t ly p u t n e w

r o d u c t d e v e l o p m e n t p r o j e c ts a t r is k . (T h i s i s t h e b o x m a r k e d - ) i n F ig u r e 2 . ). .

T R I Z r e c o g n i z e s t w o c a t e g o r i e s o f c o n t r a d ic t io n s :l . T e c h n ic a l c on t r ad ic t ion s are t h e c la s s i c a l e n g in e e r in g " t r ad e - o f fs . " T h e d e s i r e d s t a te c an ' t b ee a c h ed b e c a u s e s o m e t h i n g e l s e i n t h e s y s t e m p r e v e n t s it . I n o t h e r w o r d s , w h e n s o m e t h i n g g e t s b e t te r ,

s o m e t h i n g e l s e g e t s w o r s e . C l a s s i c a l e x a m p l e s in c l u d e* T h e p r od u c t ge t s st r on ge r ( goo d ) b u t t h e w e igh t in c r e ase s ( b ad )* T h e b a n d w i d t h i n c r e a s es ( g o o d ) b u t r e q u ir e s m o r e p o w e r (b a d ), S e r v i c e is c u s t o m i z e d to e a c h c u s t o m e r ( g o o d ) b u t t h e s e r v i c e d e l i v e r y s y s t e m g e t s

c o m p l i c a t e d ( b a d .), T h e au t om ob i l e a i r b ag sh ou ld d e p loy ve r y f a st , t o p r o t e c t t h e oc c u p a n t ( good ) b u t t h e f a s t e r i t

d e p loy s , t h e m or e l ik e ly i t i s t o in ju r e or k i l l sm a l l p e o p le or ou t o f p os i t i on p e o p le ( b ad ). Ph y s i c a l c on t r ad ic t ion s ar e s i t u a t ion s w h e r e on e ob j e c t h as con t r ad ic tor y , op p o s i t e r e q u ir e m e n t s .v e r y d a y e x a m p l e s a b o u n d :

S u r v e i l l an c e a i r cr a f t sh ou ld f l y f a s t ( t o ge t t o t h e d e s t in a t ion ) b u t sh ou ld f l y s low ly t o c o l l e c td a t a d ir e c t ly ove r t h e t ar ge t for l on g t im e p e r iod s .

S o f t w a r e s h o u l d b e e a s y t o u s e , b u t s h o u l d h a v e m a n y c o m p l e x f e a tu r e s a n d o p t i o n s . C o f f e e sh ou ld b e h o t , f or e n j oya b le d r in k in g , b u t c o ld , to p r e ve n t b u r n in g t h e c u s t om e r T r a i n in g s h o u l d b e th o r o u g h a n d n o t t a k e a n y t i m e T h e a u t o m o b i l e a i rb a g s h o u l d d e p l o y q u i c k l y a n d s l o w l y . T h e a u t o m o b i l e a ir b a g s h o u l d d e p l o y a t h i g h t h r e s h o ld a n d l o w t h r e s h o ld .T h e T R IZ r e se ar c h h as id e n t i f i e d 40 p r in c ip l e s t h a t so lve t h e T e c h n ic a l c on t r ad ic t ion s an d f ou r

a t so lv e t h e Ph ys i c a l c on t r ad ic t ion s . A s in t h e c ase o f t h e a ir b ag d e p loym e n ts h o l d , m a n y p r o b l e m s c a n b e s t a te d a s b o t h p h y s i c a l a n d te c h n i c a l c o n tr a d i c ti o n s . W h e n u s i n g t h e

a r c h fi n d i n g s , i n g en e r a l th e m o s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e s o l u t i o n s c o m e f r o m u s i n g t h e p h y s i c a lo n t r a d ic t io n f o r m u l a t io n , a n d t h e m o s t p r e s c r i p ti v e s o l u t i o n s c o m e f r o m u s i n g t h e te c h n i c a l

c on t r ad ic t ion . In t e r m s o f l e ar n in g , p e op le u s u a l ly l e ar n t o so lve t e c h n ic a l c on t r ad ic t ion s f i r s t, s in c e t h ee t h od i s ve r y c on c r e t e , t h e n l e ar n t o so lve p h ys i c a l c on t r ad ic t ion s , t h e n l e ar n t o u se b o t h m e t h od s

i n t er c h a n g e a b ly , d e p e n d i n g o n t h e p r o b l e m .T h e T R IZ p at en t r e se ar c h c la s s i f i e d 39 f e a t u r e s for t e c h n ic a l c on t r ad ic t ion s . O n c e a

on t r ad ic t ion i s e xp r e s se d in t h e t echn ica l cont r ad ic t ion f or m ( t h e t r ad e - o f f ) t h e n e x t s t e p i s l oc a t e t h ef e a t u r es in t h e C on t r ad ic t ion M at r ix . ( 4 , 8 , 12 ) . F igu r e 3 sh ow s a p i e c e o f t h e m at r ix .F in d t h e r ow t h a t m os t c lo se ly m at c h e s t h e f e a t u r e or p ar am e t e r you ar e im p r ov in g in you r

" t r ad e - o f f ' an d t h e c o lu m n t h a t m os t c lo s e ly m at c h e s t h e f ea t u r e or p ar am e t e r t h a t d e gr ad e s . T h e c e l l a th e i n te r s e c ti o n o f t h a t r o w a n d c o l u m n w i l l h a v e s e v e r a l n u m b e r s. T h e s e a re th e i d e n t i fy i n g n u m b e r s

f or t h e Pr in c ip l e s o f In ve n t ion t h a t ar e m os t l ik e ly , b ase d on t h e T R IZ r e se ar c h , t o so lve t h e p r ob le m :b r eak t h r ough so lu t ion in s t e ad o f a t r ad e - o f f.

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For e xam p l e , c on s i d e r th e p r op osa l to c h an ge th e sp e e d o f i n f l a t ion o f th e a ir b ag , to r e d u c einjur ies to smal l occupa nts . The trade-off i s that injur ies in h igh -spe ed acc idents increase . Translat ingth i s i n to th e T RIZ m atr ix t e r m s , th e p aram e te r th a t i m p r o ve s i s " Du r at i on o f ac t i on o f a m o v i n g ob je c t"(R ow 15) an d th e p ar am e ter th a t wo r se n s i s " O b je c t -ge n er a te d h ar m fu l e f f e c ts" (Co l u m n 31) . T h ec irc le in Figure 3 h ighl igh ts the ce l l at the intersec t ion , that has the notat ion "21 ,39,1 6,22 ". Th ese arethe identi f iers for four of the Pr inc ip les of Invention .

T h e p r i n c ip l e s are u su a l l y ac c om p an i e d b y e xam p l e s f r om a var i ety o f i n d u str ie s . T h e d e s i gn op r ob l e m so l v i n g te am u se s b o th th e t e x t an d th e e xam p l e s , an d e xam p l e s f r om th e i r own p r e v i ou sap p l i c a t ion s , to d e ve l op a so l u t ion . Con s i d e r th e ap p l i c a t ion o f p r i n c i p le 21 an d p r in c i p l e 22 to th eairbag example :Pr i n c i p le 21 . S k i p p i n g

A. Con d u c t a p r o c e s s , or c e r ta i n s tage s ( e . g . d e s tr u c t ib l e , h ar m fu l or h az ar d ou s op e r a t i on s ) a th i gh sp e e d .

U se a h i gh speed den t i s t ' s d r i l l to avo i d hea t i n g t i ssue . C u t p l a s t i c f a s t er t h a n h e a t c a n p r o p a g a t e i n t h e m a t er i a l , t o a v o i d d ef o rm i n g t h eshape.

-J ~ n f l a t e t h e a i r b a g a s t e r t h a n cu r r e n t p r a c t i c e , so th a t i t s u l l y i n f l a t e d when ' h esma l l p e r s o n im pa c t s i t. " ~ T he de - p ow e r e d a i r b a g ha s been p r o p o s e d a s a so l u t i o n o f h i s t yp e. B y u s i n g

l e ss p owe r , t h e a c c el e r a t i o n o f h e bag i s l ess, a n d i n j u r i e s w i l l b e r e d u c ed . " ~ Con v e r s el y , sma l l e r b a g s w i t h h i g h e r p o w e r w ou l d r e a c h u l l i n f l a t i o n so one r , so

t h a t th e p a s se n g e r w o u l d b e p r o t e c t e d r o m t h e a c c i d en t a n d n o t i n j u r e d b y t h e a i rbag .

Pr i n c ip l e 22 . " B l e s s i n g i n d i sgu i se " or " T u rn L e m on s i n to L e m on ad e "A. U se harm ful fac tors (part icu lar ly , harm ful e ffec ts o f the environm ent or surround ings) toac h i e ve a p os i t i ve e f fe c t.

U se wa s t e hea t t o gene r a t e e l e c t r i c pow e r . Rec y cl e wa s t e ( sc r a p ) ma t e r i a l r om on e p r o c e s s a s r a w ma t e r i a l s o r a n o t h e r . -J ~ Us e t h e r e l a t i v e mo t i o n o f h e pe r s o n an d th e v eh i c l e a s pa r t o f h e p r o t e c t i o n .

D e si g n o t h e r p a r t s o f h e sy st em ( sea t , d a sh , si d e pan e l s ) t o r e d i r e c t t h e mov i n gp e r s o n t o b e p r o p e r l y p l a c e d o r b e st a i r - b a g p r o t e ct i o n .

B. El imina te the pr imary harmful ac t ion by adding i t to another harm ful ac t ion to resolve thep r ob l e m .

A dd a bu f f e r i n g ma t e r i a l to a c o r r o s i v e so l u t i o n . Use a he l i um - o x y g en m i x o r d i v i n g , t o e l i m i n a t e b o t h n i t r o g e n na r c o si s a n d o x y g en

p o i s o n i n g f r om a i r a n d o th e r n i t r o x m i x es.C. A m pl i fy a harmful fac tor to such a degree that i t i s no longer harmful .

Use a ba c k f i r e t o e l i m i n a t e t h e u e l r om a f o r e s t f i r e-J~ T h i s a ga i n s u gge st s i n f l a t i n g t h e a i r b a g a s te r , so t h a t i t s n o l o n g e r h a r m f u l b y t h et ime t he pe r son r eaches i t.

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T h e P r e s s u r e S e n s i t i v e T a p e i n d u s t r y h a s i ts o w n c l a s s i c a l e x a m p l e s o f th e u s e o f t h e T R I Ze s . C o m p a n i e s t h a t a r e a c t i v e l y u s i n g T R I Z d o n ' t w a n t t o r e v e a l t h e ir p r op r i et a ry a p p l i c a t io n s ,

.

e 1 . S e g m e n t a t i o n - m a k e a n o b j e c t e a s y t o d i s a s s e m b l e : T e a r a b l e f i l m t a p e sT a k i n g o u t - S i n g l e o u t o n l y t h e n ec es s a r y p a r t o f a n o b j ec t : T ra n s f er t a p es th a t o n l y l ea v eL o c a l q u a l i t y - M a k e ea ch p a r t o f a n o b j ec t fu l f i l l a d i f f eren t a n d u s e f u l f u n c t i o n : p r i n t a b l e

t a p e s w i t h p a tt e rn o n r e l e a s e s i d e t h a t a l l o w s p a i n t er s t o d e t e r m i n e w h e n t h e y h a v e a p p l i e d e n o u g hD y n a m i c s - A l l o w d e s i g n o f an o b j e c t t o c h a n g e t o b e o p ti m a l o r t o fi n d a n o p t i m a l

n g c o n d i t i o n - u s e o f v in y l f i l m t a p e s t o m a s k a r o u n d c u r v e s i n p a i n ti n g a p p l i c a t io n sP a r ti a l o r e x c e s s i v e a c t i o n s - U s e o f s te n c i l p r o d u c t s to s a n d b l a s t / e tc h g r a v e s t o n e sA n o t h e r d i m e n s i o n - u s e o f f o a m t a l e s to n o t o n l y p r o te c t s u r fa c e s f r o m p a i n t b u t a l s o t o

n t f r o m s e e p i n g i n to c r a c k se 1 8 . M e c h a n i c a l v i b r a t i o n - u s e o f u l t r as o u n d to s m o o t h a n d e v e n l y d i s tr i b u te w e t f il m s b e f o r e

e 2 0 . C o n t i n u i ~ o f a c t i o n - f l y i n g a r m s p l i c i n g fo r c o a t i n g e q u i p m e n t , k e e p i n g t h e w e b m o v i n ga l l t i m e s w h i l e a l l o w i n g d i s c r e te r o l l s to b e r e m o v e d a n d p a s s e d o n t o th e s l i tt i n g o p e r a t io n2 2 . " B l e s s i n g i n d is g u i s e " o r " T u r n L e m o n s i n t o L e m o n a d e " - U s e h a r m f u l fa c t o rs

t ic u l ar l y, h a r m f u l e f f e c t s o f t h e e n v i r o n m e n t o r s u r ro u n d i n g s ) t o a c h i e v e a p o s i t i v e e f f e c t. U s e h e a tn g o f t o l u e n e t o f e e d t h e s a m e d r y e r s t h a t t h e to l u e n e w a s r e m o v e d f r o m

2 3 . F e e d b a c k - u s e o f g a u g i n g d e v i c e s t o c o n s ta n t l y m o n i t o r a n d a d j u st c o a t i n g w e i g h t s

T R I Z h a s 4 c l a s s i c a l w a y s t o r e s o l v e p h y s i c a l c o n t r a d i c t i o n sS ep a ra t i o n i n t i meS ep a ra t i o n i n s p a ceP h a s e t r an s i ti o n , su c h a s S o l i d - l i q u i d - g a s - p l a s m a o r P a r a m a g n e t i c - F e r r o m a g n e t i c o r o t h e r s

d u c t i n g , c ry s t a l st ru c tu re , . . . o r o t h er m et h o d s o f s ep a ra t i n g t h e co n t ra d i c t o rye s i n s u b s y s t e m s

M o v e t o t h e su p e r - s y s t e m o r t h e s u b - s y s t e mE x a m i n a t i o n o f th e 4 0 P r i n c i p l e s s h o w s e x t e n s i v e o v e r l a p w i th t h e s e 4 m e t h o d s , s i n c e t h e y a re

o l l e c t i o n o f i n n o v a t i v e s o l u t i o n s t o a w i d e v a r i e ty o f p r o b l e m s .o n e d o m i n a n t p h y s i c a l c o n t r a c t i o n fo r t h e ai r b a g s y s t e m i s

T h e a u t o m o b i l e a i r b ag s h o u l d d e p l o y a t h i g h th r e s h o l d a n d l o w t h r e s h o ld .

s i s a c o m r a d i c ti o n , t h e a n s w e r w i ll n o t b e a n u m b e r ~ t h a t w o u l d b e t h e n o n - T R I Z w a y o ft r a d e -o f f. A p p l y i n g t h e 4 m e t h o d s f o r r e s o l v i n g a p h y s i c a l c o n t r a d ic t i on w i l l c a u s e u s t o d e a lc au s e o f t h e p ro b l em ( a ir b a g s ca u s e i n j u r i e s ) a n d n o t j u s t w i t h t h e s h o r t - t erm s o l u t i o n

d e p l o y m e n t . )A p p l y i n g t h e f i r st o f t h e 4 w a y s t o re s o l v e t h e co n t ra d i c t i o n , s ep a r a t e t h e r e q u i r eme n t s i n sp a c e

o i d e a s l i k e u s i n g a l o w d e p l o y m e n t t h r e s h o l d f o r a b e l t e d , a v e r a g e s i z e d o r a b o v e d r i ve r , a n d al o y m e n t t h r e s h o l d f o r a s m a l l d r i v er o r u n b e l t e d p a s s e n g e r , a d d r e s s i n g j u s t t h e w a y s t o r e s o l v e

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. . ,

th e d e p l oym e n t th r e sh o l d p r ob l em . I t i n tr od u c e s p r ob l e m s o f s e n sor an d l og i c c o m p l e x i ty , so th a t th ec ar " k n ows" w h e r e to s e t th e th r e sh o l d , so i t i s n o t a ve r y good so l u t i on i n t er m s o f i d e a li ty . S i m p l e bu n p op u l ar so l u t i on s , p u t c h i ld r e n i n th e b ac k se a t (s e p ar ate th e m i n sp ac e f r om th e a i r b ag) an d h av edr ivers s i t as far as poss ib le from the s teer ing column (us ing pedal extenders , spec ia l seats , e tc . ) area l re ad y we l l k n own . B u t th i s p r i n c i p le i t c ou l d a l so l e ad u s to l ook i n d eta il a t th e space wh e r e th ep r ob l e m oc c u r s . Cou l d th e sh ap e o f th e a ir b ag b e c h an ge d so th a t i t i s fu l ly d e p l oye d wh e n th e sh or tp e r son r e ach e s i t? An d s t i ll p r o te c t th e ave rage an d lar ge p e r son ? O n e o f th e T RIZ l aws o f t e c h n o l oge vo l u t i on s ta tes th a t sys te m s b e c om e m or e s e gm e n te d , b e c au se sm al l e r s e gm e n ts ar e e as i e r to c on tr o l.Co m b i n i n g th i s wi th th e d e s i r e to s e p arate th e in ju r y -c au s in g an d i n ju r y -p r e ve n t in g e l e m e n ts i n sp ac el e ad s to a fam i l y o f d e s i gn s th a t u se m i c r o -a i r b ags , a s sh ow n i n F i gu r e 4 .

T RIZ w as d e ve l op e d fr om th e s tu d y o f p a ten ts , b u t th e u n d e r l y i n g p r i n c i p le s o f c r e a t iv i ty tha t we r ed i sc ove r e d i n th a t r e sear c h ap p ly to a wi d e var i e ty o f p r ob l e m s . Re c e n t c ase s tu d i e s o f ac tu a l s itu a t i oi n c l u d e th e fo l l owi n g: IT Pr od u c t d e ve l op m e n t . De l C or In te r ac ti ve s In ter n ati on a l d ou b l e d th e va l u e to th e c u s tom e r o f

th e ir p a ti e n t i n te r v i e w sy s te m for op t i c i an s o f f i c e s b y ap p l y i n g th e f e e d b ac k an d se l f - s e r v i c ep r i n c i p le s o f T RIZ (6 ) to th e ove r a l l p r od u ct d e ve l op m e n t , an d ap p l y i n g th e p r i n c ip l e s o fsegmentat ion , "taking out" and "composi te construct ion" to the train ing and support .

Sch oo l adm inistrators are f inding the ir creat iv i ty has been great ly enha nced in deal ing wi th s i tuat ior an g i n g from a l l oc a t i on o f th e b u d ge t for sp e c ia l e d u c at i on to b u i l d i n g 5 s c h oo l s w i th a fu n d i n g fo4 , to i m p r ov i n g r ac ia l h ar m on y i n th e s c h oo l s . (10 )

N A S A ' s Je t Pr op u l s i on L ab oratory h as m ad e T RIZ a p r i n c i p le t e c h n o l ogy for p l an e tar y e xp l or a t ionNe w c on c e p ts for an i n te gr a te d op to -e l e c tr on i c ac c e l e r om e te r , r e p l ac e m e n t t e c h n o l ogy forte m p e r atu r e - se n s it i ve b a t ter i es , so i l c h e m i s tr y m e asu r e m e n t sys te m s , an d l arge sp ac e t e l e sc op emirrors have a l l come from the ir work in the last 2 years (3)

War r an tee c os t r e d u c ti on . For d u se d T R / Z to so l ve a p e r s i ste n t p r ob l e m wi th sq u e ak y wi n d sh i e l dth at wa s c os t i n g s e ve r a l m i l l i on d o l l ar s e ac h ye ar. (11 ) Pr e v i ou s l y , th e y h ad u se d T R IZ to r e d u c ei d l e v ib r a t i on i n a sm al l c ar b y 150%, fr om on e o f th e wor s t i n i t s c l a s s to 30% b e t te r th an th e b e s tc lass . (14)

C o n c l u s i o nT RIZ r e d u c e s p r o je c t m an age m e n t r i sk b y g i v i n g p r o je c t m an age r s p r ob l e m so l v i n g too l s an d , u se d

c r e a t ive l y , p r ob l e m p r e d i c ti on too l s . T h e p r e s su r e s e n s i ti ve tap e i n d u s tr y c an u se th e T RIZ m e th od s toso l ve t e c h n i ca l p r ob l e m s , m a n age m e n t p r ob l e m s , an d r e sou r ce l i m i ta t ion p r ob l e m s .R e f e r e n c e s -1 . A l t sh u l le r , G e n r i ch . 1988 , T r an s l a te d b y An th on y W i l li am s . Cr ea t i v i t y as and E xa c t Sci ence .G o r d o n a n d B r e a ch , N e w Y o r k .2 . An d e r son , We s l e y : Far re ll , Ju s ti n , an d T ate , K ar e n , PM P. 1997 . " T RIZ Ap p l i e d to S o l v i n gM an u fac tu ri n g Pr ob l e m s an d Im p r ove m e n t ." P r o ceed i n g s o f he 3d An nua l n t er n a t i o n a l To t a l P r o duD evelopm ent Symposium , Am e r i c an S u p p l i er In s ti tu te , L i von i a , M I .

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3. Blosiu , Julian 1998. "TR IZ and Innovative De sign Technology" Proceed i ngs o f he 14 h An nu a lGOA L /QPC Symposi um , G O A L / Q P C , M e t h ue n , M A .4. Dom b, El len . 1997 "Tutorial on Contradictions" The TR I Z ou r na l , http:/ /www.triz-joumal .com,July , 19975 . Dom b, Ell en. 1997 ,2 "QFD and TRIZ /TIPS" Tr ansact i ons o f he Th i r d n terna t i ona l QFDSymposium, Linkoping, Swederg6. Do m b, El len and Corbin, David , 1998. "QFD, T RIZ and Entrepreneurial Ini tiative ." Pr oceed ings ofthe 10 h Qu al i t y F un c t ion D eployment Symposium , N o v i , M I7 . Dom b, El len , and Kow al ick , James . 1998 . "Apply ing TRIZ to Deve lop N ew Des igns for the Futureof the A irbag." Pr oceed ings of he 1998 'Socie ty of A utomot i ve En gin eers nternat iona l C ongress, PaperN u m b e r 9 8 0 6 4 7 .8 . Dom b, Ell en. 2001 . "Using TR IZ in S ix S igma Management." Proceed ings o f the Am er icanSociety for Qual ity Conference on S ix S igma, January 2001 .9 . Frenklach, Grego ry. 1998. "Functional Blocks" The TR I Z ou r na l , http:/ /www.triz-journal .com,January, M arch, Apri l , and Ma y 1998.10. Hooper, Don; Aaron, Kathy; Dale , Ho l ly , and Dom b, El len . 1998. "TR IZ in School Distr ictAdministration" The TR I Z ou r na l , http:/ /ww w.triz-journal .com, February, 1998.11. L ynch, M ichael . 1997. "W indsh ield~a ckl igh t Molding Squeak and Flutter (Bu zz) Problem."Proceed in gs of he 3d A nn ual nternat iona l T ota l Pr odu c t D eve lopment Symposium , American Suppl ierInstitute, Livonia, M I.12. Mann, Darrel , and Do m b, El len . 1999. "40 Principles for Business, w ith Exam ples." The TR I ZJou r na l , http:/ /ww w.triz-journal .com, September, 1999. and "TRIZ in the Kn ow ledge Era: Ach ievingProfitable e ,Com m erce." To be publ ished in the Proceed i ngs o f he Por t l and n terna t i ona l Con fe renceon M anag i ng En g i neer i ng Techn o l ogy , Ju ly , 2001 .13. Shulyak, Lev. 199 8.4 0 P r i n c i p l es: TR I Z Key s t o Techn i c a l nn ovat i on , Translation, withadditional material, of the 1974 class n otes by Genrich Altshul ler , with drawings by Uri Fedo seev, .Technical Innovation Center, W orcester , M A.14. Sm ith, Larry 1996. "U sing TR IZ to reduce vibration during idling." Proceedi ngs o f he 12 h An nua lGOA L /QPC Symposi um , GOAL/QPC, Methuen , MA.15. Tate , Karen, PM P and Dom b, El len . 1997. "TRIZ: To ols for Accelerating Ne w ProductDeve lopment" Pr oceed ings of he 1997 PM I Symposium.

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T R I Z G e n e r a lPr o b l e m

Y o u r S p e c i f i cPr o b l e m

T R I Z G e n e ra lSo lu t ion

IY o u r S p e c i f icSo lu t ionF i g ure 1 . The TR I Z pro b l em s o l v i ng m etho d . The a rro w s repres ent t ra ns fo rm a t i o n f ro m o nefo rm ul a t i o n o f the pro b l em o r so l u t i o n to a no ther . Th e w hi t e a rro w s represent a na l y s i s o f the pro b l ema nd a na l y ti c us e o f the TR I Z da ta ba s e s . The b l a ck a rro w repres ent s th i nk i ng by a na l o g y to dev e l o p thes pec i f i c s o l u t i o n .

A nalyze the problemI F R , F u n c t i o n A n a l y s i s , Z o n e s ,R e s o u rc e s , S y s te m O p e ra to r , . . .

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1 0 3 6 2 1 1 5 ,1 0 1 9 ,3 5 2 7 ,1 8 3 5 3 710, 40, 32, 15, 16, 29, 15, 13,4, 4, 35, 15, 35, 10, 34, 15, + 35, 1 2, 13, 115, 22 34, 18 37, 40 J10,14 16 ~ 26 , 1, 28 3910, 2, 3, 35, 5 19, 2, 19, 3, 14, 26, 11, 2 / ' 2 1 , 39, ~ 9 27 29, 10, 10, 4, 19, 29,19, 30 16 27 28, 25 13 ~k 16, 99 f ' 27 29, 15 39, 351, 16, 18, 13, 28, 13 2, 3Z 15, 34, 17, 27 ; ~ T 12, 26, 32, 26,+35, 15 34 35 12 29, 28 8, 40 !, 32 12, 17

F i g u r e 3 . S e l e c t e d r o w s a n d c o l u m n s f r o m th e C o n t r a d i c t i o n M a t r i x . T h e n u m b e r s i n t h e c e l lr e f e r t o t h e p r i n c ip l e s t h a t h a v e t h e h ig h e s t p r o b a b i l i ty o f r e s o l v i n g t h e c o n t r a d i c t i o n . T h e c i r c le dc e l l i s d i s c u s s e d i n t h e e x a m p l e i n t h e t e x t .

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F i g u r e 4 . T h e T R I Z l a w s o f t e c h n o l o g y e v o l u t i o n p r e d i c t t h e p r o g r e s s i o n o f a i r b a g s f r o m s i n g l eb a g , to m u l t ip l e b a g s , to a f o a m o r p o w d e r p r o t e c t i o n s y s t em . C o m b i n i n g t h e l a w s o f e v o l u t i o nw i t h t h e p r i n c i p l e o f se p a r a t i o n o f r e q u i r e m e n t s i n s p a c e l e a d s to breakthrough o l u t i o n s t o t h ep r o b l e m .

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creativity and triz

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