creating ada compliant instructional material for online
TRANSCRIPT
CreatingADACompliantInstructionalMaterialforOnlineCourses1
CreatingADACompliantInstructionalMaterialforOnlineCourses
DarshanaJuvale,PinarCelik,&RebeccaO’Connell
ExecutiveSummary
ThisdocumentincludesinformationondesigningADA(AmericansforDisabilitiesAct)compliantcontentforonlinecourses.ItisaworkinprogressputtogetherbyagroupofinstructionaldesignersatEngineering-LASOnlineLearning(ELO).Itsprimaryaudienceincludesinstructionaldesignersandinstructorsinterestedinteachingonline.ItisnotacomprehensiveguideondesigningonlinecoursesforADAcompliance,norisitcertifiedbyIowaStateUniversity(ISU).However,initialexplorationhasshownthatinordertoachievecompliancefromallinstructors,theinstitutionneedsmultipleapproaches–educatingfacultyonUDL,providingfacultywithDo-It-YourselfADAtipsandresources,andsigningupwithacaptioningservice.EmailtheELODesignTeamatelodesign@iastate.eduwithyoursuggestionsforimprovement.
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BACKGROUNDINFORMATION
ThisdocumentisaworkinprogressinitiatedbyagroupofinstructionaldesignersatEngineering-LASLearningOnline(ELO).Themotivationforthisworkstemmedfromthedesigners'desiretocreatequalityonlinecoursesthatarepedagogicallysoundandaccessibletoadiverseaudience.Afterextensiveresearchandtesting,ELOdesignershavedevelopedDo-It-Yourself(DIY)tipsandtechniquesfordesigningADAcompliantinstructionalmaterials,likeimages,documents,andaudio/videos.Thesetipsandtechniquesneedtobecontinuallyupdated.Additionally,inordertoachievecompliancyfromallinstructors,itisrecommendedthatISUeducatesfacultyinUDL(UniversalDesignforLearning)bestpracticesandinvestsinacommercialcaptioningservice.CELThasdevelopedaBlackboardcourseonUDLthatfacultycanenrollintolearnwaysofmakingtheircourseaccessibletoadiverseaudience.AlsoavailableisAccessDL(TheCenteronAccessibleDistanceLearning)fundedbytheU.S.DeptofEducationthatprovidesguidanceonmakingdistancelearningcoursesandprogramsaccessibletostudentsandinstructorswithdisabilities.AlistofvendorsforclosedcaptioningisincludedinAppendixA.Thisdocumentisorganizedintotwosections:1)LawsImpactingWebAccessibilityand2)TipsforCreatingAccessibleMedia
LAWSIMPACTINGWEBACCESSIBILITY
TherearestateandfederallawsrequiringtheUniversitytoassureonlinematerialisaccessibletocurrentandprospectivestudentsandemployees.Thisdocumentdealswithwaystomakeonlinecoursesaccessibletoallpeople,regardlessoftheirimpairmentsorsituation.Additionally,thisdocumentisdesignedtohelpassuretheUniversityismeetingitslegalobligationswhenitcomestowebaccessibility.Increasingaccessibilitywhilemanaginglegalriskisthetwofoldgoalofthisguidance.Atthefederallevel,theAmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA),asamended,isananti-discriminationstatutedesignedtoensureequalaccesstoopportunities,programs,andbenefitsforqualifiedindividualswithdisabilitiesineducation,employment,andotherareas.Atthestatelevel,theIowaCivilRightsAct(ICRA)prohibitsdiscriminationonthebasisofdisabilityinbothemploymentandeducation.Thisincorporatestherighttoaccessinformationineducation,employment,andotherareas.CommonproblemswithwebaccessibilitycreatelegalrisksunderboththeADAandtheICRA.
TIPSFORCREATINGACCESSIBLEMEDIASECTIONINCLUDES:
1. Audio/VideoAccessibility2. DocumentAccessibility3. ImageAccessibility4. WebsiteAccessibility
1)Audio/VideoAccessibilityTips
Audioandvideosneedtoincorporatefeaturesthatmakethemaccessibletoeveryone.Providingtranscriptsthatcanbedownloadedand/orclosedcaptionswithaudioandvideoaretwoofthemainwaysofmakingaudio/videoaccessibletohearingand/orvisionimpairedusers.Moreandmore,closedcaptioningisbecomingapreferredmethod.
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ClosedCaptioningofOnlineAudioandVideos:Closedcaptions,alsoknownassubtitles,providetextequivalentsofthespokenpartinavideo.Closedcaptionsaresynchronizedwiththeaudioandusuallyappearatthebottomofthescreen.Ifonlyaudioisavailable,atranscriptismadeavailablefordownload.
ADA/ICRAcompliancetips:Thefollowingaresomebestpracticesforclosedcaptions:Content
• Captionsshouldbeaccurate.Theyshouldfullyrepresenttheaudio,includingspeakeridentificationandnon-speechinformation.Whenaspeakerstutters,captionwhatissaid.
• Equal–Meaningandintentionofthematerialiscompletelypreserved.Language
• SpellingandCapitalization–Beconsistentinthespellingofwords.• PunctuationandGrammar–FollowconventionalrulesofStandardEnglish.• HyphensandDashes• Nonessentialinformationthatneedsspecialemphasisshouldbeconveyedbydouble
hyphensorasinglelongdash.Format
• Consistent–Uniformityinstyleandpresentation.UseafontsimilartoHelveticamediumwithclearresolution.
• TextConsiderateCase–Mixedcasecharactersarepreferred.Display
• Closedcaptionsshouldbetimedtosynchronizewiththeaudio.Tocheckforcompliancy,selecttheCaptionsoptionsdropdown>Shownon-compliantduration.Thisoptionhighlightsanycaptionsinredwhosedurationisnotbetweenthreeandsevenseconds.
• Onlyonetothreelinesoftextshouldappearonthescreenallatonce,staythereforthreetosevenseconds,andthenreplacedbyanothercaption.
• Includenotmorethan32-charctersperline.• Linesshouldbebrokenatlogicalpointswherespeechnormallypauses,unlessitexceedsthe
32-characters-per-linerequirement.• Readable–Displayedwithenoughtimetobereadcompletely.• Placedproperlyandmustnotinterferewithexistingimportantinformation.Captionsshould
notcoverupgraphicsandotheressentialvisualelementsofthepicture
CreatingClosedCaptioning:Therearemultiplewaysforcreatingclosedcaptions.Theseincludehiringindividualsforthispurpose,signingupwithcommercialvendorsand/orDoItYourself(DIY)options.
• Youcanoutsourcethewholeprocessandhavecommercialvendorscreatethetranscript,inserttimecodestosyncwiththeaudio,anduploadtothevideoserver.SeealistofvendorsinAppendixA.
• Outsourcepartoftheproject–eithercreatethetranscriptandsendittoavendorforcreatingtimecodesandthenuploadthetranscriptwiththetimecodestothevideoserver,or
• DoitYourself(DIY).Seeaccompanyingdocument“DoItYourselfGuideonCreatingClosed
Captions”.
2)DocumentAccessibilityconcernstheproperformattingofdocumentsforscreenreaders.(SeemoreinformationonKurweil3000screenreaderusedbyISUStudentDisabilityOfficeinAppendixA).Alwaysprovidedocumentsinanalternativetext-basedformat,suchasHTMLorRTF(RichTextFormat),inadditiontoPDF.Text-basedformatsarethemostcompatiblewithassistivetechnologies.
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ResourcesforcreatingADACompliantPDF,DOC,PPTFiles
• TheNationalCenteronDisabilityandAccesstoEducationhasdevelopedaone-pageaccessibility"cheat-sheet"toassistincreatingaccessiblecontent.
• "HowtomakeaWordDocumentAccessible"byPortlandCommunityCollege.• “MSWord:Headings”videobyPortlandCommunityCollege• “AcrobatDC”toolsmakeiteasytocreateaccessiblePDFsandletyouchecktheaccessibility
ofexistingPDFs.• WaystomakeanaccessiblePDFonMac:(ResourceWAMOE)
o Startwithawell-structured,accessibleworddocumentorpresentation.o Clickthefiletabandselectsaveas.IntheSaveastypefield,selectPDF.o EnterafilenameintheFilenamefield.o Clickonoptionsbuttonandmakesurethedocumentsstructuretagsforaccessibility
checkboxischecked.o ClickOK.o ClickSave.Thiswilltagallofthetextformattingsopageheadingsandlistsare
correctlyinterpretedbyascreenreader.• ScanningaDocumenttoaPDF:Scanningadocumentmeanstakingaphotoofit.Sincea
photooftextisnotaccessible,youwillneedtorunopticalcharacterrecognition(OCR)onthescan.Thiswillmakethetextonthescanreadablebyassistivetechnologies.
o HowtorunOCRonaPDFusingAdobeAcrobatPro:§ OpenyourPDFfile.§ OpentheToolspanel(click“Tools”intopright)andclick"Recognizetext”.§ Click“InthisFile”andclickthe“Edit”buttontoadjustyourOCRsettings.§ Selectthe"Language"ofthetext.§ Fortheoutputstyle,choose“searchableimage”forPDFoutputstyleand
down-sametoo600dpi.§ ClickOkwhendone
• FontsTipsonuseoffontswhilecreatingADAcompliantdocuments:o Ensureyourtextisreadablebyusingatleast10pxsanseriffonts,suchasArial,
HelveticaorVerdana.Thesefonttypeswillmagnifywellforthosewhohavelowvision.
o Ifthereisanimagewithtextinit,makesuretoputthetextinthealternativetext[opensinnewwindow],soitwillbeaccessibletoblindstudents.
o Refrainfromusingfloatingtextboxes,trackchangesorcommenting,becausethesefeaturesarenotaccessible.
3)ImageAccessibilitytypicallyinvolvesaddingtextdescriptiontoimagesthatcanbereadbyscreenreaders,becausescreenreaderstypicallyskipimagesonawebpage.Addinganimagethatconstitutesanimportantpartofthecontentwithoutitstextequivalentputsthestudentwithvisualimpairmentatadisadvantage.Possiblesolutionsinclude:
• Addingatextequivalenttoeveryimage,whichwillenableauserwithavisiondisabilitytounderstandwhatitis.Thetextequivalentcanbeintheformof:
o Analttextdescription,whichisdetectedbyscreenreaders,butisnotvisibletootherusers.
o Captionsforimagesthatdescribetheimageo Adescriptioninthetextsurroundingtheimage.SeeexamplesofAlternativeText
DescriptionsforImages• Trynottouseonlyimagesand/orgraphicstoconveyimportantcontent.Imagesand
graphicsshouldbeusedtoenhanceexistingtextandnotconstitutethemaincontent.
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4)WebsiteAccessibilitytips-seeimagesandaudio/videoaccessibilitytipsUseWAVEtocheckwebsitesforbasiclevelsofaccessibility.WAVEisafreedesignedWebAccessibilityEvaluationTool.“TipsforUsingWAVEforADACompliance”byTempleUniversityLibraries.
• AddingAlternativeTexttoanimagemakesthatimageaccessibletotheblind.Successfulalternativetextdescriptionfortheimageeithercouldbe:
o inthesurroundingparagraphtexto analttextdescription,o alongdescriptionoro acaption
• Providingthetextformatforaudiofilesmakesthemaccessibletothosewithhearingdisability.
• Forcolorblindusers,thevisualscanbetestedbyconvertingthemtograyscale.Aslongasvisualelementshavehierarchy,theyshouldbecomprehensiveforthoseindividuals.Check“ColourBlindAwareness”websiteformorein-formationregardingtheuseofcolorsinyourwebsite.
• Websitesshouldbedesignedsotheycanbeviewedwiththecolorandfontsizessetinusers’webbrowsersandoperatingsystems.
Provideaudiodescriptionsofimages(includingchangesinsetting,gestures,andotherdetails)tomakevideosaccessibletopeoplewhoareblindorhavelowvision.Providetextcaptionssynchronizedwiththevideoimagestomakevideosandaudiotracksaccessibletopeoplewhoaredeaforhardofhearing.(Seeoptionsformakingvideosaccessibleinthenextsection).SeeUSDepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesGuidelinesonCreatinganADA-CompliantWebsite.
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APPENDIXA
CLOSEDCAPTIONINGSERVICES
• CaptionSolutions(877-674-5800)–[email protected]
• AutomaticSyncTechnologies,LLC(877-AST-SYNC),www.automaticsync.com/caption,[email protected]
• RAMP,www.ramp.com• REV,www.rev.com• Cielo24,https://cielo24.com/• 3PlayMedia,http://www.3playmedia.com/• ProTranscript,http://protranscript.com/faq.html
SCREENREADERS
Screenreadersareassistivetechnologythathelpuserswithpoorvisionnavigateawebsitebyreadingaloudtextdisplayedonthecomputerscreen.Kurzweil3000isthescreenreaderusedatIowaStateUniversity.Kurzweil3000isanintegratedscanandreadsoftwareprogramthatprovidesmulti-sensoryaccesstoreadingmaterialwithpowerfultoolsforreading,writing,test-takingandlearning.Kurzweil3000-fireflyprovidesfourplatformoptions:
1. Windows2. Mac3. ipadapp4. WebAppaccessibleviawebbrowser
IfyouneedKurzweil3000softwareonyourcomputer,youcandownloadandinstallitfromoneoftheselocations:
• ForMacintosh• ForWindows
YoucanusefireflytobrowsethroughyourUniversalLibraryandreadKurzweilortextfilesdirectlyfromacomputer’swebbrowser.
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DoItYourselfGuideonCreatingClosedCaptions
Creatingclosedcaptioningisa3-stepprocess.1. Createanaccuratetranscriptwithpunctuation2. Inserttimecodestosyncwithaudio3. Uploadtothevideoserver
Thisdocumentincludesinstructionsoncreatingclosedcaptionsusingthefollowingsoftware:
1. YouTube2. Camtasia3. DragonNaturallySpeaking4. Voicethread5. Built-inDictationtoolinMac
YouTubeYouTube’sclosedcaptioningtoolcanbeusefulnotonlyforcreatingcaptionsforuseinYouTube,butalsotoexportforuseinotherapplications.BelowareinstructionsforaddingclosedcaptionsinYouTubeandexportingthecaptionfileforuseelsewhere.Part1:AccessingYouTubeFirst,youwillnavigatetoYouTubeandlogin.
1. GotoYouTubeandlogin.IfyoudonothaveaGoogleaccount,youwillneedtosignupforone.(YouwillnotbeabletouseyourIowaStateCyMailaccounttopostvideostoYouTube.)
Part2:UploadingandaccessingyourvideoOnceyou’veloggedintoYouTube,youwilluploadyourvideoandYouTubewillprocessit.
1. Onceyouaresignedin,lookattheupperrightcornertolocatetheUploadbutton(seeimagebelow).ClickUploadinordertouploadyourvideo.
2. Onceyouclickupload,youwillbedirectedtoanewpagewhereyoucaneitherbrowseyourcomputertouploadyourvideoand/oryoucandraganddropthefilethatyouwouldliketouploadtoyourbrowser(seeimagebelow).
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YouTuberequiresvideofiles,suchasMP4s.IfyouareusingCamtasiaoranyotherscreenrecordingtoolthatproducesavideoprojectfile(i.e.,.camprojor.prproj),youwillneedtoexportyourscreenrecordingasanMP4filebeforeuploadingittoYouTube.Besuretosetyourvideo’sprivacysettingsaccordingtoyourownneedsandpreferences.Werecommendeitherthe“Unlisted”or“Private”settingifyoudonotwanttheworldtoviewyourvideos(seeimagebelow).�
3. Onceyou’veselectedavideofiletoupload,itwilltakesometimeforYouTubetouploadandprocessyourvideofile(seeimagebelow).HowlongthisprocesstakesdependsontheInternetconnectionspeedthatyouareusingandthelengthofyourvideo.Stayontheuploadpageuntilthevideohasfinisheduploadingortheuploadwillstop.
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4. Oncetheuploadstageiscompleteandtheprocessingstagehasstarted,itissafetocloseyourbrowserwindow.YouTubewillprocessyourvideoonitsservers.
5. YoucanaccessyourvideothroughtheCreatorStudio,availablethroughtheusericoninthetopright.
YourvideowillappearinthelistofvideosinyourYouTubeVideoManager.
Onceprocessingiscomplete,thevideoimagewillbereplacedwithanimagefromthevideo.Youcanalsoaccessyourvideobyclickingthe“Done”buttonnexttothestatusindicatorwhenprocessinghasbeencompleted.Thiswilltakeyoutothesummaryscreenshown
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below.�
AddingclosedcaptioningOnceyourvideohasbeenprocessed,youwillclosedcaptionit.Todothis:
1. Editthevideo’ssettings.Youcanaccessthevideo’s“InfoandSettings”screenbyclickingeitherthevideo’s“Edit”buttonintheVideoManager,orthe“ReturntoEditing”buttononthevideo’ssummaryscreen.
AccessingtheEditSettingsscreen,option1:The“Edit”buttonintheVideoManager�
AccessingtheEditSettingsscreen,option2:The“Returntoediting”buttononthevideo’ssummaryscreen�
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2. Onthe“InfoandSettings”screen,clickthe“SubtitlesandCC”buttoninthetoprightportionofthescreen.�
3. Onthe“SubtitlesandCC”page,youwillbeaskedtoselectalanguage.SelectEnglishor
thelanguageofyourchoice.Onceyouhaveselectedalanguage,clickthe“SetLanguage”buttoninthebottomrightportionofthedialogbox.
4. YouTubewillattempttocreateanautomatedcaptioningofyourvideo.Whenitisfinished,theautomatedcaptioningwillappearasabuttonbelowthesection“AddnewsubtitlesorCC”.Itwillbelistedas“English(automatic)”.Automatedcaptionsareonly80%accurate;accuracydecreaseswiththeincreaseintechnicaltermsinthevideo.However,theYouTubegeneratedtranscriptservesasausefulstartingplaceforfurtherediting.Clickonthe“English(Automated)”bartoedityourautomatedcaptions.�
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The“SubtitlesandCC”pagewithautomatedcaptioningcompleted
5. Thiswilldirectyoutothetranscriptionpage.Thevideoisshownontheleft,whilethecaptionsareontheright.Eachcaptionistimestamped.
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6. Clicktheeditbuttontomakechangestothecaptions/subtitles.
7. First,adjustthetext.Todothis,clickthetextyouwishtoadjust.Thetextwillbecomeeditable.Afteryouhavemadeyourchanges,clickoutsideofthetextboxtosaveyourchanges.
8. Next,adjustthetimingsifneeded.Therearetwowaystodothis.○ Editthetimingtextnexttothetextitems.Clickthetimeyouwishtoadjustand
typeinanewstartorendtime.Thestarttimecannotoverlapwiththeendtimeofthepreviouscaption,andtheendtimecannotoverlapwiththestarttimeofthenextcaption.
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○ Or,selecttheitemwhosetimeyouwishtoadjustinthecaptionbarbelowthevideo.Bluebarswillappeartotheleftandrightofit.Dragthebarstoadjustthetimes.
9. Afteryouaredonewithyourmodifications,clickthePublishbuttonatthebottomofthescreentosaveyourchanges.Ifyoudonotdothis,allofyourchangeswilldisappear.
ExportingyourclosedcaptionsforuseelsewhereYouTubecaptionscanbedownloadedinastandardcaptioningfileformatforuseinothervideoproductionapplicationsandinvideostreamingsitessuchasVimeo.Captionfilescontaincaptioninginformationaboutavideo.Thecaptionfileisstoredseparatelyfromthevideofile.
1. Click“Actions”buttonontheupperrighthandcornerofthepage.Thiswillopenadropdownmenuwhereyoucanchooseoneofseveralcaptioningfileformatstodownload.The.vttformatisagoodchoice,becauseitcanbeusedbymanyapplicationsandvideostreamingservices.
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2. Whenyouselectthefileformatinthe“Actions”menu,afilewillbedownloadedtoyourdefaultdownloadsfolder.Youwillbeabletoseeitinyourbrowser’slistofdownloads.
3. Storethevideofileandthecaptioningfiletogetherforfutureuse.
Camtasia–screenrecordingsoftwareCamtasiaisascreenrecordingsoftwarethatsupportsbothmanualandautocaptioning.Autocaptioningusesspeech-to-texttechnologythatautomaticallycreatescaptionsfromaudiointhetimeline.ClickonthelinksbelowfordetailsoncreatingclosedcaptionsinCamtasia.
• Howtocreatecaptionsusingspeech-to-text• Howtocreatecaptionsmanually• Exportcaptionfileswhenyouarefinished
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TranscribingavideousingDragonNaturallySpeakingDragonNaturallySpeakingcanbeusedtocreatetranscriptsthatcanbefedintoYouTubetoaddtimecodes.TranscribingavideousingDragonNaturallySpeakingrequiresthefollowingsteps:
1. Extractanaudiofilefromyourvideorecording.YoucandothisusingeitherCamtasiaorthefreemediaviewerVLC.
2. SelectaDragonNaturallySpeakingprofile,orcreateoneifyoudon’talreadyhaveone.3. TranscribeanaudiofilewithDragonNaturallySpeakingandsavethetranscriptionas
textfile.4. Polishingthetranscript.
a. [optional]IncreasetheaccuracyofDragonNatuallySpeaking’stranscriptionandre-transcribetheaudiofile.
b. Readthetranscriptandmakefinalcorrections.
1.ExtractingaudiofromavideoTherearetwowaystoextractaudiofromavideofileandsaveitasanaudiofile.YoucaneitheruseCamtasiaortheVLCPlayerforthistask.CamtasiaTocreateanaudiofilecontainingthesoundfromaCamtasiaproject:
1. Opena.camprojfileinCamtasiaandselectFile->Producespecial->Exportaudioas...
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2. Savetheaudiofilein.mp3format.Besuretosaveitinalocationwhereyouwillbeabletolocateitlater.
3. Whentheprocessiscomplete,yourfilewillappearinthefolderyouspecified.
UsingVLCtoextractaudiofromanexistingvideoVLCisafreemediaplayerandwillallowyoutoexportaudiofromanexisting.mp4videofile.VLCcanbedownloadedfromVideoLAN.Toexportaudiofroman.mp4videofile,dothefollowing:
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1. OpentheVLCmediaplayer.
2. SelectMedia->Convert/Save.
3. Clickthe“Add”button.�
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4. Selectthe.mp4containingtheaudioandclick“Open”.�
5. Click“Convert/Save”atthebottomofthewindow.Youdonotneedtomakeaselectionfromthedropdownmenubesidethe“Convert/Save”button.�
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6. Select“Audio-MP3”fromthe“Profile”menu.�
7. Clickthe“Browse”buttonnextto“Destinationfile”intheareaatthebottomofthewindow.�
8. Inthewindowthatappears,selectthefolderthatwillcontaintheaudiofile,enterthenameyouwanttheaudiofiletohave,andclick“Save”.�
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9. Click“Start”tobegintheconversionprocess.Whenyoudothis,youwillbereturnedtotheVLCmediaplayer,whichshoulddisplayaprogressbarasyouraudiofileisbeinggenerated.
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10. Whentheprocessiscomplete,yourfilewillappearinthefolderyouspecified.
2.SelectingorcreatingaprofileinDragonNatuallySpeakingThefirsttimeyouuseDragonNaturallySpeaking,youwillneedtocreateauserprofile.Youruserprofileiscreatedusingyour/arecordingofyourvoice.ItallowsDragontorecognizeyourvoiceandspeakingstyle.
1. WhenyoufirstopenDragonNaturallySpeaking,the“OpenUserProfile”dialogboxwillappear.Ifyoualreadyhaveaprofile,selecttheprofilename,click“Open,”andskipto“TranscribetheaudiofilewithDragonNaturallySpeaking”.�
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2. Ifyoudonothaveaprofile,click“New”tocreateanewprofileandfollowthestepsbelow.�
3. The“Welcome”dialogboxwillappear.Thisisthefirstinaseriesofdialogboxesthat
willguideyouthroughtheprofilecreationprocess.Click“Next”tocontinue.�
4. Giveyourprofileaname.Thisisthenamethatwillappearinthelistofuserprofiles.
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5. Selecttheregionyouarefromandyouraccent.
6. Selectanaudiodevice.Youwant“Microphone:HighDefinitionAudioDevice”,asthiswillbethemostsimilartothedevicethatyouusedtocreateyouraudio.
7. Positionyourmicrophoneasrecommended.Youwillbeusingittorecordabrieftest
recording.Click“Next”.
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8. Click“Start”,andreadthetextshown.WhenDragonNatuallySpeakinghasheardenough,acheckmarkwiththeword“Complete”willappearatthebottomofthedialogboxandthe“Next”buttonwillbecomeactive.Clickthebuttontocontinue.�
9. DragonwillprocessyoursamplerecordingandautomaticallymoveontoadialogboxinwhichitasksifyouwanttosenddataaboutyourusagepracticestothecompanythatmakesDragon.Selecttheoptionsyouwantandclick“Next”.�
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10. Click“Finish”tocompletetheprofilesetupprocess.�
3.TranscribetheaudiofilewithDragonNaturallySpeakingandsavethetranscriptastextfileInthisstep,youwillcreateatexttranscriptionfileinDragonNaturallySpeaking’sDragonPadandsavetheresultingtextasaplaintextdocument.YouwillneedaplaintextdocumenttouploadtovideocaptioningservicessuchasYouTube.TranscribingyouraudiofileinDragonPad
1. Onceyou’vecreatedoropenedyourprofile(s),asmallinterfacewillappearatthetopofyourscreen.HoverovertheinterfacetoseethefullDragonNatuallySpeakingmenu.
2. Bydefault,DragonNatuallySpeakingwillonlyaddpunctuationwhenapunctuationcommandsuchas“period”or“comma”isuttered.ThereisaformattingoptionthatyoucanturnonthatwilltellDragontoaddperiodsandcommasbasedonthelengthofyourpauses.Itisveryimportanttoactivatethisoptionwhenyouaretranscribingaudiofromavideorecording.Toactivatethe“addcommasandperiods”option:
a. Select“Auto-FormattingOptions”fromthe“Tools”menu.�
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b. Select“Automaticallyaddcommasandperiods”andclick“OK”.
3. Tobegintranscribingyourrecording,select“TranscribeRecording”fromtheTools
menu.�
4. DragonNaturallySpeakingwillaskyouhowyouwishtotranscribeyourdocument.Select“TranscribetextintoDragonPad”and“OnlyDictationcommands”.Click“Next”tocontinue.�
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5. Click“Browsetolocatefile”.DragonNatuallySpeakingwilldisplayadialogboxwhereyoucannavigatetotheaudiofilethatyoucreatedin“Extractingaudiofromavideo”stepearlier.Selectthefileandclick“Open”.�
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6. Click“Transcribe”tobegintranscribingtheaudiofile.�
7. ThetranscribedtextwillappearinDragonNaturallySpeaking’sbuilt-intexteditor,DragonPad.DragonPadwillappearautomaticallywhentranscriptionstarts.Whentranscriptioniscomplete,the“Transcribing”messagewindowwillclear.�
Exportingatextfilecontainingyourtranscribedtext
1. TosavethetextinDragonPad,clickFile->Save.
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a. Selectthefolderthatyouwantthetranscripttobesavedto,andselect“TextDocument”fromthe“Saveastype”options.�
b. Giveyourtranscriptanameandclick“Save”.�
c. Whenthe“Youareabouttosavethedocumentintext-onlyformat…”messagedisplays,clickthe“TextDocument”buttontoconfirmthatyouwantaplaintextdocument.�
d. Yournewlycreatedfilewillappearinthefolderyouspecified.
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4.PolishingtheTranscriptIncreasingtheaccuracyofDragonNatuallySpeaking’stranscriptionAdocumenttranscribedusingthetechniquedescribedaboveshouldhavegoodrecognition,butitwillnotbeperfect.Potentialproblemareasinclude:
● Acronyms● Specializedterminology● DragonNaturallySpeakingmisinterpretingspecificwords
TheseissuescanbeaddressedbyaddingwordsandacronymsthatDragonNaturallySpeakingisn’trecognizingtoDragonNaturallySpeaking’sVocabularyEditor.TheVocabularyEditorcanalsobeusedtotrainDragonNaturallySpeakingtorecognizehowyousaycertainwords.AddingwordstoDragonNaturallySpeaking’sVocabularyEditorWhenyoufirsttranscribeyouraudio,youmayfindthatDragonNaturallySpeakingmisinterpretscertainwordsandacronyms.Inthesamplerecordingusedforthisdocument,forexample“SIGDOC”(pronounced“sigdoc”)istypicallytranscribedas“sick.”andACMistranscribedas“ACN”or“ICM”.Topreventthisfromhappening“SIGDOC”and“ACM”willneedtobeaddedtoDragonNaturallySpeaking’sVocabularyEditor.ToaddawordtotheVocabularyEditor:
1. IntheDragonNaturallySpeakingmenu,clickVocabulary->OpenVocabularyEditor.
2. Awindowcontainingalistofcurrentlyavailablevocabularywillbedisplayed.Click“Add”toaddanewvocabularyterm.�
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3. Youwillbeaskedtoentertwoformsoftheword:thespelledversionandthespokenform.ForSIGDOC,thespelledversionoftheword,whichgoesinthefirsttextfield,wouldbe“SIGDOC”.The“spokenform”,whichgoesinthesecondtextfield,wouldbe“sigdoc”.�
4. Ifthe“Add”buttonisdimmedafteryou’veaddedboththespelledandspokenversionsoftheword,thismeansthatthereisalreadyanentryintheVocabularyEditorthatmatchestheentryyouareattemptingtoadd.
TrainingDragonNaturallySpeakingtorecognizehowyousaycertainwordsInadditiontoaddingwordstothedictionary,youcanalsotrainDragonNaturallySpeakingtorecognizehowyousaycertainwords.ThiscanbehelpfulwhenyouaddanewtermorwhenthereisawordortermthatDragonNaturallySpeakingisconsistentlygettingwrong.
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TotrainDragonNaturallySpeakingtorecognizehowyousayaword:1. IntheVocabularyEditor,searchforthewordyouwanttotrain.Ifitexists,selectthe
wordyouwanttotrainandclickthe“Train”buttonontheright.�
2. The“TrainWords”dialogboxwillappear.Makesureyourmicrophoneisattachedtoyourcomputerandclick“Go”tobeginrecording.�
3. Ifyourvoiceisbeingrecordedcorrectly,youwillseeagreenbarasyourecord.Ifyoudon’tseethisbar,youwillneedtocheckyourmicrophonesetup.�
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4. Afteryouhaverecordedtheword,click“Done”.�
5. Ifthetermyouwanttotraindoesnotexist,addtheterm,andcheckthecheckboxnextto“Iwanttotrainthepronunciationofthiswordorphrase”.Whenyouclick“Add”,the“TrainWords”dialogboxwillappear.Youcanthentrainyourwordasdescribedintheprevioussteps.
CreatingADACompliantInstructionalMaterialforOnlineCourses35
6.
7.
Re-transcribetheaudiofileOnceyou’vetrainedthewordsthatDragonNaturallySpeakingwasgettingwrongmostfrequently,youwillwanttore-transcribeyouraudiofileusingthestepsin“TranscribetheaudiofilewithDragonNaturallySpeaking”.ReadthetranscriptandmakefinalcorrectionsDragonNaturallySpeakingwillgenerallydoagoodjobofcreatingtranscriptions,butitisnotperfect.Evenwithtraining,somecorrectionstothetranscriptwillbeneededtogetittoafinishedstate.Tocompletethetranscriptionprocess:
1. ReadthetranscriptinDragonPad,makingcorrectionswherenecessary.2. Exportatextfilecontainingthetranscript,asdescribedin“Exportingatextfile
containingyourtranscribedtext”.�
CreatingADACompliantInstructionalMaterialforOnlineCourses36
ExternalToolsandAccessibilityVoiceThreadVoiceThreadoffersVoiceThreaduniversal,whichisanalternativeVoiceThreadinterface“speciallydesignedtobeusedwithscreen-readingsoftwareandotherassistivetechnologies”[VoiceThreadAccessiblityhome].Itcanbeviewedhere.
1.Thefirstpageyousee
2.The“MyThreads”page
3,AVoiceThread
4.AVoiceThreadSlide
VoiceThreadandCaptioningYoucanaddcaptionstoVoiceThreadfileswithinVoiceThread.Youhavetohaveeditingrightstodoso,socommenterscan’taddcaptionstovideooraudiocomments.FromVoiceThreadhelp:http://docs.voicethread.com/web-application/accessibility-web-application/closed-captioning/
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HowtoaddacaptionfileOnlythepersonwhocreatedaVoiceThreadorsomeonewhohaseditingrightsforthatVoiceThreadmayaddcaptionstoavideoslide.
1. Navigatetotheslidethatcontainsthevideo.2. Hoveryourmouseoverthevideoiconontheleftsideofthepage.3. ClickontheCCbuttoninthedrawerthatslidesout.
4. 5. Click“Addcaptions”.6. Selectyourcaptionfile.7. Click“OK”.
Filetypesaccepted
● DFXP● SRT● SAMI● SCC● SBV
Viewingcaptions
CaptionswillalwaysbedisplayedwhenyouareviewingaVoiceThreadslideatVTUniversal.Ifyou’reviewingtheslidefromthestandardVoiceThreadsite,turnonclosedcaptioningbyclickingonthe“CC”buttoninthetop-rightcorneroftheVoiceThread,andselecting“On”.
DictationWithDictation,youcanuseyourvoiceinsteadoftypingtext.UsethesestepstoturnDictationonoroff:
1. FromtheApplemenu,chooseSystemPreferences2. FromtheViewmenu,chooseDictationandSpeechtoviewDictationPreferences.3. ClickOntoenableDictation,orOfftodisableit
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Table1.Do-it-Yourself(DIY)ClosedCaptioningSoftwareSpecifications
Tools AutoTranscribe
MP3 MP4 Timecode&Sync
Languages OS Pros Cons
YouTube.Free X X X Web Costfreeandeasilyavailable.AllyouneedisaGoogleaccount.EasytoedittranscriptionandtimecodeswithbuiltintoolsDownloadabletranscriptsindifferentformats(.vtt,.srt,.sbv)Transcriptswithtimecodescanbedownloadedandimportedintoothervideostreamingservice,likeVimeo
Cantaketimetorenderthevideo.Thelargerthesizeofthevideo,thelongertherendertime.80%transcriptionaccuracyifstandardEnglish.Theaccuracyleveldecreaseswiththetechnicalcomplexityofthelanguage.Notreliable–inconsistenttimetakentorenderfilesandinsomeinstancesfailedtoproduceatranscript.Searchableevenifunlistedormadeprivate.
Vimeo.FreeandPaidversions
X Web Vimeohasafreeandapaidversion.Bothversionssupportclosedcaptioning
NotranscribingserviceNoautotranscribingWillneedothertoolstocreateclosedcaptions
DragonNaturallySpeakingPremium
X X English,French,German,Italian,Spanish,Dutch,Japanese
WIN EfficientandquickTrainableSupportsmultipleuserprofilesthatcanbesharedonmorethan1computer.
WINonly
CamtasiaFree30-daytrial.$199
X X X WIN Create,sync,andexportcaptions WINonly