Creating a General Antiviral: Testing the Inhibition of Spindle Shaped Virus 1 and

Yellow Fever Virus Using Silver Nanoparticles

Diana Demchenko, Dr. Kenneth M. Stedman1, Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz2

Biology1 and Chemistry2 Departments, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon

Why a General Antiviral?

1. Vaccines are costly and specific

2. Majority of known viruses are drug resistant

3. Antivirals necessary for space travel

GENERAL MODE OF INFECTION

http://lazyscientist.org/codeus_news/viral-infection-might-just-be-a-phase-transition/

PREVIOUS STUDIES

a)AgNP-exposed HIV-1 virus (attached to glycoprotein knobs)b) HIV-1 virus not exposed to AgNP

-Competition for binding site on cell.

-Inactivation of virus particles prior to entry.

-Interaction with hosts’ genome.

1)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.2)Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."

PREPARATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Image Source: Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz

H2O AgNO3 NaBH4 C6H5Na3O7

AgNPs

H2O2

UV -Vis and Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies of AgNPs

Triangular

CircularRod

Image Source: Dr. Marilyn R. Mackiewicz

SPINDLE SHAPED VIRUS 1

https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/108/fuselloviridae-figures

YELLOW FEVER VIRUS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

PREPARATION OF SAMPLES FOR PLAQUE ASSAY

http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/06/detecting-viruses-the-plaque-assay/

VISUALIZING EFFECT OF AGNPS ON SSV1 ACTIVITY

A) B)Virus Exposed to AgNPs Virus with no AgNPs

0 Hours of Incubation

SSV1 ACTIVITY COMPARISON OVER TIME

24 Hours of Incubation

27.5%50%

EFFECT OF TIME ON ACTIVITY OF SSV1

-Over longer periods of time, AgNPs inhibit SSV1 to a greater extent.

POSSIBLE MODES OF INHIBITION

Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."

SPACE TRAVEL

http://www.rantnow.com/2015/10/12/15-photos-from-inside-spacecraft-you-wont-believe-are-real/

FUTURE WORK

- Explore exact mode of inhibition for SSV1 and YF.

- Next virus: Influenza

- Various coatings for AgNPs → finding a universal coating that

targets the majority of viruses

- Examine effect of shape and size of AgNPs on viral activity

SPECIAL THANKS

Thanks to BUILD EXITO for giving me the opportunity to do research, Dr. Stedman and Dr. Mackiewicz for being great mentors, and NASA Oregon Space Grant for funding this

research.

SOURCES CITED1)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.2)Rai, Mahendra, et al. "Metal Nanoparticles: The Protective Nanoshield against Virus Infection."3)Elechiguerra, Jose Luis. Et al. Interaction of Silver Nanoparticles with HIV-1.

4)https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_9th_report/dsdna-viruses-2011/w/dsdna_viruses/108/fuselloviridae-figures

5)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever6)http://lazyscientist.org/codeus_news/viral-infection-might-just-be-a-phase-transition/7)http://www.virology.ws/2009/07/06/detecting-viruses-the-plaque-assay/