Created by Mrs. HermanSept. 2012

Cell TheoryCell Theory

All living things are made of one or more cells

The cell is the smallest unit of lifeAll new cells come from

preexisting cells

Plant CellsPlant Cells

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

The Parts (Organelles) of the The Parts (Organelles) of the CellCell

Organelle: Cell MembraneOrganelle: Cell Membrane

A flexible covering that protects the inside of the cell from the

surrounding environment. These are found in BOTH plant

and animal cells.

Organelle: Cell WallOrganelle: Cell WallOnly in plant cellsA stiff structure outside the cell membrane

Adds support to the cell and helps the plant keep its shape.

Organelle: CytoplasmOrganelle: Cytoplasm

A fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules.

What is a What is a mitochondria?mitochondria?

The power plant of the cell. They break down food

molecules so that the cell has energy to live.

What are What are chloroplasts?chloroplasts?

Only in plants, they use light to make food (glucose)

from water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide(CO₂) during

photosynthesis.

What are Vacuoles?What are Vacuoles?

Bubbles that float in the

cell that store food, water and

waste materials.

What is DNA?What is DNA?

Directs cell activities and contains the DNA.

Organelle: NucleusOrganelle: Nucleus

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is an organism’s

genetic material.

Cells come in many shapesCells come in many shapes

DNA and ChromosomesDNA and Chromosomes

DNA is in the nucleus of every living thing.

A Chromosome is coiled DNA.

Humans have 46 chromosomes.

Chromosomes in living Chromosomes in living thingsthings

Black Mulberry

Plants 308

Agrodiaetus butterfly

Animals

268

http://www.neok12.com/php/watch.php?v=zX645478027c03150f647502&t=Cell-Division

Cell CycleCell CycleCells are damaged, lost

or die all the time. New cells must be created to replace them.

Cells make complete copies of themselves including an exact copy of their DNA.

The steps that cells go through are called the Cell Cycle and each step is a phase.

New daughter cell

Interphase

This is the normal state

of a cell or the resting

state.

What is Mitosis?• A cell and its nucleus divide and

produce two identical cells.

• This process is important for growth, to repair or replace damaged tissue.

• The two daughter cells have the same genetic information (DNA) as the original cell.

The phases of

mitosis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PMXatafIXc

Sexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction is

when chromosomes

from two different cells

combine, producing offspring.

egg sperm

zygote

What is MeiosisWhat is Meiosis Meiosis is the type of cell division by

which gametes (eggs or sperm) are formed.

Two divisions result in 4 different

daughter cells that have half of the total number of chromosomes (23).

When an egg and sperm combine during fertilization, the embryo will have the normal amount of chromosomes (46).

MeiosisMeiosis

http://scienceforkids.kidipede.com/biology/cells/meiosis.htm

Comparing the two Comparing the two types of cell divisiontypes of cell division

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/body/how-cells-divide.html

Levels of OrganizationLevels of Organization

Organelles• “Tiny organs”

• Made of macromolecules

• Nucleus, ribosomes

Cell• Made of organelles

• Basic unit of life

• Different types of cells have different

functions

• LIVING

Tissue• A lot of the same kind cell working together

• Living

Organs

• Tissues that work together

• Living

Heart, Brain,LungsKidney

•Organs that work together

• Living

Systems

SkeletalMuscularCirculatory

Organism• Entire living things

(organisms)

• Usually made of systems

• May be a single cell

• Living

Cell

Organ

System

Organism

Cells are organized in tissues. Different tissues working together to preform

a particular job are called organ. Groups of organs

that work together to complete a series of tasks

are called a system. Many systems working together

make up an organism.

Tissue