cpd international journal for the oilseeds industry

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International Journal for The Oilseeds Processing Industry Vol. 100 No. 9 (USPS 405 880) March , 1995 INSIDE Short Course for Oil Mill Operators Preview , April 9-11 How to Make a Complaint • U.S. Cotton Plantings 1995/1996 May Surge to Record Breaker People and Places South Africa on Comeback Trail Process Safety Management: Where Industry Should Be Today CPD HD 9093 047

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Page 1: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

International Journal for

The Oilseeds Processing

Industry

Vol. 100 • No. 9 (USPS 405 880) March, 1995

INSIDE• Short Course fo r Oil Mill

Operators Preview, April 9-11

• How to Make a Complaint

• U.S. Cotton Plantings 1 9 9 5 /1 9 9 6 May Surge to Record B reaker

• People and Places

• South Africa on Comeback Trail

• Process Safety Management: Where Industry Should Be Today

CPDHD9093047

Page 2: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

French® oilseed preparation equipment and systems achieve desired results, most efficientlySuccessful oilseed processing plants require preparation systems that provide consistent product to the oilseed solvent extraction system. To provide a consistent product, oilseed preparation systems must have reliable equipment, precisely integrated through quality engineering design, aided by years of oilseed preparation experience.

French understands the importance equipment reliability has on oilseed preparation system performance. French’s proprietary line of durable Cracking Mills, Flaking Mills, Conditioners,Pre-presses, and Enhanser™ Presses have a worldwide reputation for years of reliable operation.

Reliable equipment alone does not assure consistent operation. All of the equipment must be precisely engineered into a process system. French system design engineers have a thorough knowledge of the equipment they manufacture and use this intimate knowledge to design reliable oilseed preparation systems.

Since 1900, French has supplied thousands of pieces of long lasting oilseed preparation equipment and hundreds of successful complete oilseed equipment systems for nearly all commercial oilseeds. Many customers process multiple oilseeds in one oilseed preparation system.

Call French today with your requirements.

YOUR PARTNER IN PROCESSING

The French Oil M ill Machinery CompanyP.O. Box 920, Piqua, Ohio 45356-0920 U.S.A., Phone: 513-773-3420, Telex: 687-4224,Cable: French Piqua, Fax: 513-773-3424

Page 3: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

EN MASSE CONVEYORSConveyor • Feeder • Elevator • or Combination

Positive - Many Paths • Vapor - Liquid or Dust Tight

Paul J. Hills F i e l d p r o v e n s i n c e 1 9 4 8 Jared S. Hills

5440 6th STREET S.W., P.O. BOX 1345 | K w S n e CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA 52406

ENGINEERING, INC. PHONE: 319/365-0564

C U S T O M

C O N V E Y O R S Y S T E M S

Page 4: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Oil Mill Gazetteer® V O L . 1 0 0 , N o . 9 / M a r c h , 1 9 9 5

Air Pollution Control Systems.....................19806-763-9273

Alloy Hardfacing......................................... 25800-328-8408

Anderson International..................................5216-641-1112

B.N.W. Industries........................................ 25219-353-7855

Bliss Industries........................................... 39405-765-7787

Brandon & Clark, Inc................................... 21800-289-2224

Buhler, Inc................................................... 17612-545-1401

C..A. P icard................................................34616-962-2231

Cantrell International.................................. 31817-923-7382

Carver, Inc...................................................44912-748-5000

Contract Fabricators...................................41601-252-6330

Creason......................................................20615-629-5532

Crown Iron Works Co....................................8612-639-8900

Divine Engineering........................................3319-365-0564

IOMSA OFFICERS

PRESIDENTCURTIS SIMONE

Chickasha Cotton Oil

Harlingen, TX

VICE PRESIDENTMIKE CHENEY

Honeymead Products

Mankato, MN

SECRETARY/TREASURERMARVIN SUE GREASER

9039 Katy Frwy., #324

Houston, TX 77024

Ph: 713-468-1333

J. R. Dykes Sales & Service.......................42817-573-2416

Egon Keller, Inc...........................................33214-727-3030

Wm. Ellis & Sons.........................................40901-525-0569

French Oil Mill Machinery............................. 2513-773-3420

Hi Roller Encl. Conv.......................................7800-328-1785

IMPCO........................................................ 37602-243-1556

Kice Industries............................................. 6316-267-4281

Kimbell Gin Machinery............................... 36806-763-6645

Laidig Ind. Sys............................................ 15219-256-0204

Little Pine Machine S hop...........................26218-346-4838

Lubbock Electric.........................................21806-744-2336

Phelps Machinery.......................................29501-375-1141

Plant Maintenance Service Corp................18901-353-9880

Membership Application International Oil Mill

Superintendents Association9039 Katy Freeway, #314

Houston, Texas 77024

____________________ 1 9 _____I hereby make application for membership in your association and if accepted, I promise to abide by the Constitution and By- Laws and to promote the interests of the Association. My annual dues of $50 OO(domestic); $51.00 (foreign) is enclosed. I understand that membership includes a subscription to The Oil Mill Gazetteer.Name: ____________________________

Position: _________________________

Company:

Mailing Address:

Power Equipment....................................... 15901-327-8261

RBD Technologies............. '........................ 39303-247-0150

RWMfg........................................................ 14800-866-6455

Riley Equipment......................................... 32812-886-5500

Sikes Machine Shop, Inc............................ 38806-828-6568

SIMMCO..................................................... 30901-772-0221

Tetra Laval Food...................................22, 23317-889-2465

3E Company...............................................27515-266-8890

Tramco, Inc................................................. 43316-264-4604

Trumbo, Inc................................................. 28901-948-7664

Wasche’s Machine Shop........................... 291-800-346-7211

PAULA SMITH KOLMAREditor/Publisher

OIL MILL GAZETTEER ISSN (0030-1442)

17000 El Camino Real, 210A,Houston, Texas 77058

P.O. Box 590483, Houston, Texas 77259-048( PH. 713-480-7889

FAX: 713-338-2345

Second Class Postage Paid at Houston, Texat USPS #405880

Frequency of publication is monthly plus one additional issue = 13 per year.

SUBSCRIPTIONS Domestic subscription: $13.00 per year in

advance.Foreign subscription: $20.00 per year Air Mail—

$65.00 additional paid on U.S. bank.Per copy price $3.50 current; all others $5.25

each.

All subscriptions are payable in advance, allow 30 days for subscription to begin. Address change must be received 15 days prior to date of issue

POSTMASTER: SEND ADDRESS CHANGES TO OIL MILL GAZETTEER, P.O. BOX 590483

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77259-0483.

Registration Number TX2 452 649

BOARD OF DIRECTORSLarry Paukert

Southern Cotton Oil

Roy Carr

POS Pilot Plant

Steve Cooper

Osceola Products Co.

Martin Horsman

Chickasha Cotton O il Co.

Annual 1995 ConventionlOMSA's One-hundred-and-first and TSOMSA's Seventieth: June 25-28

San Destin Beach Hilton Destin, Florida

4 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 5: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

* 1 * S -I f f ^ ' 1 /:

:

_

withto be generated close working rela worldwide oilsee

b \ l B i l i y j ' d A n ^ c p u n i l ' d f j Y I d x J ^ J

just for you. Ch selection of HIVE

OX™ expa ination will re

oads and their dramatically im o

com- /conditioning

demands,

uality.

W h ' d n J i 'T l > increasicies in Solvent a ons, Anderson can preparation system most in

beration an

L b ~ h n \ u r

act us t<

A nderson International C orp6200 HARVARD AVENUE., CLEVELAND, O H IO 44105 U.S.A. PH: (216) 641 -1112 FAX: (216) 641 -0709 TLX: 980259

Page 6: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Trust Kice To Provide The Best Air Systems & Components.

Kice Cyclones provide efficient separation.

Kice Multi-Aspirators® separate and clean Kice Dust Control Hoods keep plant cleaner. Kice Fans provide suction for air systems, product.

• Rugged heavy-duty construction, built to last. • Experience with all types of oilseed including cottonseed.• Exceptional workmanship done by experienced craftsmen. • Factory engineering available - tap into Kice’s in-house• High-efficiency design assures performance to spec. engineering resources.

For conveying, unloading, delinting, cleaning, separating, dust collection.. . ask for a free lab test of your product.

For immediate assistancecontact Dwayne °etty at (314) 654-3813 in Arbyrd, Missouri.

6 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

K IC E IN D U S T R IE S , IN C .2040 S. Mead Ave. • P.O. Box 11388 Wichita, KS 67202-0388 USA (316) 267-4281 • FAX (316) 267-5931

Page 7: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

D o n ’ t G a m b le O n

Im i t a t io n s !W / I

Count on the experience of the

oriainal enclosed belt

✓ Self cleaning 1 / Totally enclosed✓ Low power costs✓ Long and reliable life✓ Low maintenance costs

Capacities to 125,000 CF/H

Lowest operating cost and longest life conveyor available

HI ROLLER ENCLOSED BELT CONVEYORSRoute 1, Box 67A • Hartford, SD 57033

Wats: (800) 328-1785 • Fax: (605) 526-3290

March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 7

Page 8: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Easily dehulls high moisture content beans

a*

Energy efficient system with low steam consumption

Gravity flow eliminates i

expensive conveying system * & i

Environmentally friendly using single emission point

Ease of operation focussing on safety and control

&

Low maintenance and manpower economics

Crown Iron Works CompanyRO. Box 1364, Minneapolis,

Minnesota 55440-1364, U.S.A. Telephone: 612-639-8900, Fax: 612-639-8051,

Telex: 290204 CROWN IRON MPS

Europa Crown LimitedWaterside Park, Livingstone Road, Hessle,

North Humberside, HU13 OEG, U.K. Telephone: 44 (0)1482 640099,

Fax: 44 (0)1482 649194, Telex: 592872 ECLHUL G

Page 9: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

ShoRT C o u r s e Fo r O i l M ill O p e r a t o r s

Program Chairman Tim Detamore

GOVERNMENT COMPLIANCE:

It Impacts Oilseed

Processors Countrywide

A s program chairm an fo r the Ik s ix ty-th ird annual Short

Course fo r O il M ill Operators w h ich w ill take place A pril 9-11 in College Station, Texas, I w ou ld like to extend a personal inv ita tion to everyone w ho is interested in learn ing more about the issues w h ich d irec tly affect our industry.

W hen Steve D oty o f the Food Protein Research & D evelopm ent Center, Texas A & M U niversity, and I conferred as to the course theme, there was really on ly one answer. G overnm enta l com p liance is the o n ly factor w h ich w ill eventua lly im pact every decision that is made in an oilseed processing fac ility . Standards and regulations w ill be considered in every equ ipm ent change w e make, every bu ild in g w e erect, every d itch w e dig, and every em ployee w e w ork . In fact, I am w illin g to bet that at this very

mom ent, there are standards or regulations w h ich govern every single action that takes place in an oilseed processing plant. You may have to look hard to find them , you may not w an t to find them , but they are there, and as governm ent continues to g row the ir enforcem ent w ill becom e more com m onplace.

W ho w ill handle com p liance concerns fo r your facility? Have they been prepared fo r the job? D o they know w h ich standards app ly to your fa c ility and w h ich ones do not? Do they depend upon the governm ent agencies like O SH A and EPA to prov ide them w ith new standards and updates? Does your com pany take fu ll advantage o f industry meetings and seminars concern ing com p liance issues?

These are all questions w e must ask. H iring consultants fo r a special jo b is fine, but they lack know ledge o f your fa c ility , and may not be available on-site w hen you rea lly need them . A fu ll o r part-tim e com pliance o ffice r is becom ing more o f a necessity every day, and fo r that person to be e ffic ien t at the ir job , they must learn w h ich standards and regulations app ly to the ir fac ility , and w h ich ones do not. They must also understand the relevant standards and regulations in order to deve lop v iab le im p lem enta tion plans w h ich use ava ilab le resources to the ir m axim um effect.

This is w here tra in ing becomes cruc ia l to the w e ll­being o f our businesses, not on ly w here com p liance is concerned, but in all facets o f p lan t operations. I tru ly believe that every person w ith in the oilseed industry should take advantage o f the m any meetings w h ich are offered each year, in c lud ing the A pril short course, to insure that they, and those w ho w o rk around them possess the know ledge they require to be leaders in the ir respective fields.

In c losing l w o u ld like to say that w e w ill look fo rw ard to seeing you at this year's Short Course fo r O il M ill Operators. Thank you and I hope that you all en joy a prosperous 1995.

Page 10: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

ShoRT C o u r s e P r o q r a m

SIXTY-THIRD ANNUAL ShoRT Course foR Oil Mill Operators

ApRil 9 11, 1995HiLTON HOTEL ANd CONVENTION CENTER

801 LlNivERsiTy D r Ive East C o U eqe Sta t Ion , Texas

SPONSORED AND CONDUCTED JOINTLY BY THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MILL SUPERINTENDENTS ASSOCIATION, THE FOOD PROTEIN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER OF TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, THE TEXAS FOOD AND FIBERS COMMISSION, AND THE COTTONSEED CRUSHERS ASSOCIATION AND IS DESIGNED FOR THE BENEFIT OF OILSEED PROCESSORS AROUND THE COUNTRY.

PROGRAM CHAIRMAN: TIM DETAMORE, PRODUCERS COOPERATIVE OIL MILL,OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA

CO-PROGRAM CHAIRMAN: STEVE DOTY, FPR&DC, TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY

SuNdAy, A p R il 9

5:00 - 7:00 P.M. Hospitality mixer at the Hilton Hotel

MoNdAy, A p R il 10

I0MSA President Curtis Simone Presiding 8:30 A.M. Welcome and Introductions

Keynote Address: Update On The Agency And Activities Related To Oilseed Processingby Steve Verett, Executive Director, Texas Food and Fibers Commission, Dallas, Texas

I0MSA President’s Address - Curtis Simone, Rio Grand Oil Mill, Division of Chickasha Cotton Oil Company, Harlingen, Texas

Research Update - Isopropyl Alcohol by Dr. Ed Lusas, Food Protein Research and Development Center, Texas A&M University, College Station

Processing Effects On Gossypol Availability by Dr. Millard Calhoun, Professor, Department of Animal Science,Texas A&M University, San Angelo, Texas

COFFEE BREAK

A Hands-On View Of Air Pollution Prevention Equipment by Gary Sullivan, Sullivan Sales and Service, Sherman, Texas

Page 11: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

LUNCH BREAK (Meal provided) and GROUP PHOTO

Boiler Water Treatment: An Extended Presentation by Mark Dickman, NALCO, San Antonio, Texas

COFFEE BREAK

FDA Proposed Standards On Salmonella In Meal by Dr. Larry Whitlock, Office of the State Chemist,Texas Feed and Fertilizer, Control Services, College Station

Floor open to questions, further discussions, additions by speakers.

6:00 P.M. Social mixer and annual Bar-b-que at the Knights of Columbus Hall

TuEsdAy, Apml 11

TSOMSA Board Member Dennis Easley Presiding

8:30 A.M. Update on the TSOMSA and IOMSA Joint Convention - Dennis Easley

National Fire Protection Association Standard Changes Review by Tom Phillips, Plant Manager, Southern Cotton Oil Division of Archer Daniels Midland, Lubbock, Texas

COFFEE BREAK

Dust Explosions: How They Happen by Dr. Calvin Parnell, Professor, Texas A&M University Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station

Process Safety Management In Practice by Richard Barton, N. Hunt Moore & Associates, Memphis, Tennessee

11:45 Safety Awards Presentation

Time and M oney Well Spent: Your Short CourseDo not be caught sleeping while

important changes are coming about in the NFPA Standard and moves are in motion on the proposed Food and Drug Adm in istration ’s standards for salmonella in meal. The 1995 short course will address them for you.

Discover the real story behind dust explosions and the means to prevent one from happening at your plant. Plus get a review of the most current technology in reducing dust emissions from your plant. The short course has it.

We all must implement a Process Safety Management program. The

By IOMSA President Curtis Simone

requirements are the same but compliance is different; you will find out what, why and how at the short course.

Water treatment dollars going down the drain? Attend the short course and you can find ways to make sure they result in bottom-line savings.

This year’s short course is a tool for the oilseed processing industry to learn about better ways to do things and the impact of current regulatory changes. But equally, it is an opportunity to share ideas and strike up friendships with colleagues in the industry that can last a lifetime.

Page 12: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

ShoRT C o u r s e SpEAkERS & SuiviiviARiEs

Update On The Agency And Activities Related To Oilseed Processing

Since 1993, Steven Verett has served as I the executive director of the Texas Food and Fibers Commission based in Dallas, Texas, representing the interests of producers of

I various agricultural products and related fibers.| The primary focus is on cotton, however, other oilseeds grown in Texas are also receiving the

commission’s attention.Though the responsibilities associated with his position are

time-consuming, he continues to be involved in operating a 4,000-acre farm in Crosby County, Texas. In partnership with his brother, Mr. Verett produces cotton, grain sorghum, wheat and sunflowers. Production of these crops has brought with it a very good understanding of current USDA programs and how they impact crop production.

Early on, Mr. Verett began a series of leadership activities which has brought him into the realm of the Food and Fibers Commission. In 1981 he served as the president of the County Farm Bureau followed by a position on the State Advisory Committee. From there Mr. Verett served as Cotton Council International board member overseeing foreign production for U.S. cotton. Fie served as president and chairman of the board for the Texas Plains Cotton Growers, Inc. organization and on the USDA Cotton Marketing Advisory Committee.

During the period of 1992-1993, Mr. Verett served in a variety of positions with the National Cotton Council. Through 1993, he continued to be involved with Plains Cotton Growers, Inc., particularly his role as 1992 chairman overseeing the management of the 29-year old boll weevil diapause control program.

Mr. Veeett achieved a BBA in accounting from Texas Tech University, Lubbock, in 1976 and attended the Cotton Foundation Leadership Class in 1985. A native of Lubbock, he continues to hold residence there.

The Texas Food and Fibers Commission, initiated by the cotton producers of Texas in 1941, is involved in several areas of research related to progress in agriculture which could be of value to much of the U. S. industry and its many facets. This presentation will review what TFFC does and how it is changing.

Issues facing the oilseed processing industry, such as hexane as a solvent, and research into new uses for proteins are just a few of the relevant areas stimulating funding from the commission. Additionally, in an effort to remain responsive to the needs of Texas agriculture the commission’s interests have extended into Texas- produced oilseeds in addition to cottonseed.

A Hands on View of Air Pollution Control Equipment

Gary Sullivan is owner of Sullivan Sales & Service Company in Sherman, Texas. His com pany specia lizes in design and installation of air pollution control and material handling systems.

Priorto starting his own company in 1986 he 1 was employed by Continental Air Systems in

Sherman, as manager of quality control and plant maintenance.Mr. Sullivan has been involved in the design and installation

of particulate air pollution control systems throughout much of the United States. In addition, he has instructed in-house air systems seminars in Texas, Virginia and Georgia.

He has worked with companies for Title V permits in Texas, North Carolina and Georgia. He is also the air systems consultant for a major peanut processing company.

Mr. Sullivan’s professional activities include membership in the American Society for Quality Control and senior member of Society of Manufacturing Engineers. He has served on the Grayson County College advisory committee and was chairman for SME Chapter 255. Mr. Sullivan is certified by ASOC as a quality technician/non-destructive testing and by AWS as welding inspector.

Air pollution control equipment in the oilseed processing plant has a variety of potential to make areas clean and safe during operation. This discussion will encompass field proven concepts of cyclone systems, bag filters and drum filters.

Page 13: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

NFPA Standard - A Review Of Changes

Tom Phillips is the plant manager of Southern Cotton Oil Company, division of ADM, Lubbock, Texas and is responsible for the operations of the Lubbock plant operations.

He is a native Californian and has been with Anderson Clayton/Paymaster Oil Mill since 1964, staying with the plant when purchased

by Southern Cotton Oil. During this time he has worked in the California, Arizona and Texas operations.

Mr. Phillips is a past president of the International Oil Mill Superintendents Association and is a past member of its board of directors. He is co-chairman for the American Cotton Linter Association contamination committee and serves on the Cottonseed Products Short Course advisory committee.

The NCPA selected Mr. Phillips to serve on NFPA 36 technical committee on solvent extraction plants.

Recent updates to the National Fire Protection Association - Solvent Plant Safety Standard’s latest issue (1993) have been made and will be discussed during this presentation. Among the changes of great significance to the oilseed processor is the extension of the NFPA 36 to include the preparation department.

Process Safety Management In Practice

After working in various positions for Bunge Corp. and AgProcessing, he joined Central Soya in 1988. He was the senior process engineer with primary duties as head of the renovation and expansion of Central Soya’s Marion, Ohio soy extraction facility. In 1991 he was promoted to superintendent of the plant in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Mr. Barton is a past president of the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association.

The requirements o f Process Safety Management of Flighty Hazardous Chemicals are the same for every plant. Flowever, compliance with PSM will be different for each plant fora number of reasons: What method has the plant used in assimilating information? Flow successful has the plant been in finding the necessary documentation? Does the plant have more than one process? Flow complex are the processes? Flow will OSHA interpret the scope of PSM?

This presentation will serve as a forum for discussing compliance issues and will offer some suggestions for addressing these issues in a plant’s PSM system. Short course participants are encouraged to bring copies of their PSM manuals to discuss specific issues.

Processing Effects On Gossypol Availability

Dr. Millard C. Calhoun, a professor in the Animal Nutrition Section of the Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, is located at the Agricultural Research and Extension Center in San Angelo. He is an adjunct professor in the Agricultural Department of Angelo State University, and a member of

the Graduate Faculty at Texas A&M University and Angelo State University.

He has a Ph.D. in ruminant nutrition from the University of Connecticut (1967) and bachelors (1958) and masters (1960) degrees in animal science and animal nutrition, respectively, from the University of Delaware.

Since 1989, Dr. Calhoun’s research has focused on establishing safe levels of cotton by-products in ruminate diets. Although the primary emphasis has been on cattle, sheep and goats, work has also been done with poultry and swine in order to compare the way ruminant and non-ruminant animals use gossypol.

A major accomplishment was the successful development of high performance liquid chromatography procedures for the determination of the isomers of gossypol [(+)- and (-)-gossypol] in cotton by-products and animal tissues. These procedures have been used to characterize (+)- and (-)- gossypol in cotton by-products.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of isopropyl alcohol extraction of cottonseed on gossypol levels in cottonseed meals and its availability to animals. The first involved lambs fed diets for 49 days containing 17 per cent crude protein formulated with soybean meal, hexane-direct solvent cottonseed meal, hexane-expander solvent CSM, and IPA-extracted CSM.

In the second experiment, cottonseed meals produced with Hivex and Solvex expanders and I PA and hexane were fed to weaned pigs for 28 days. The results of these experiments will be covered in this presentation.

Richard Bartonisam em beroftheN. Hunt M oore & A ssocia tes team , Mem phis, Tennessee, a position he took in 1994. Priorto this change, he held positions for oilseed processing plants.

He entered the soybean processing world after earning a masters degree in agricultural

engineering from Texas A&M University, College Station, in 1981.

Page 14: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

FDA Proposed Standards On Salmonella

Dr. Larry L. Whitlock is the supervisor of feed and fertilizer product compliance for the Office of the State Chemist with the primary function of working with manufacturers, brokers and dealers of commercial feeds and fertilizers to obtain compliance with the feed and fertilizer laws of Texas. His current responsibilities include

working closely with the laboratory reviewing all analytical data before it is sent from the Office of the State Chemist.

In addition, Dr. Whitlock helps firms which have a high violation rate to improve their product and company record. He holds informal meetings with firms which have high violation rates and, when necessary, places “stop sales” on products in violation of the feed and fertilizer law. Dr. Whitlock assesses yearly plans and management objectives and collaborates with the investigative and registration staff of the Office of the State Chemist to achieve increased compliance.

He has a 30-year tenure as a staff member with Texas A&M University as researcher, instructor and administrator and is active in scientific and regulatory organizations, having presented 29 papers and eight publications.

Dr. Whitlock has participated in more than 16 short courses and instructed courses in Mexico for six summers and one course in Cali, Colombia.

He has eared a B.S. and M.S. in microbiology, and a Ph.D. in agronomy fromTexas A&M University. He has previous experience as a laboratory supervisor,

Dust Explosions: How They Happen

Dr. Calvin Parnell joined Texas A&M University in 1978 as an associate professor, agricultural engineering department and has been a professor in that department since 1985.

He received a bachelors degree in agricultural engineering, from New Mexico State

University in 1963, a masters degree in agricultural engineering, Clemson University, 1964, and his doctorate in environmental systems engineering from Clemson University in 1970.

During his post-graduate studies, Dr. Parnell worked as a graduate research assistant at Clemson University, a research engineer for the USDA SE Cotton Gin Lab, and served in the Corp of Engineers, Cincinnati, Ohio and Champaign, Illinois.

Following his studies, Dr. Parnell was a research engineer for the USDA, Lubbock, Texas, from 1970-1974, and an extension

PRE-REGISTRATION

63rd Short Course for Oil Mill Operators

April 9-11

The Hilton Hotel College Station, Texas

NAME___

ADDRESS

CITY____

STATE___

Mail the form with a check or money order for $75 to:

| FPR&DC |Texas A&M University Faculty Mail Box 183

College Station, TX 77843-2476

THE FEE INCLUDES THE BAR-B-QUE DINNER ON MONDAY NIGHT.

I __________________________________________________ - I

agricultural engineer, cotton ginning, Texas Agricultural Extension Service from 1974-1978.

He has received several contracts and grants from the USDA Cotton Foundation, General Mills and NSF for research in such areas as cotton gin trash, grain dust explosions, COMAX/ GOSSYM, and feed delivery systems.

Dr. Parnell participated in the authorship of Biomass Energy and Agriculture and the Environment and received a U.S. Patent with W.A. LePort for “System and Process for Conversion of Biomass into Usable Energy.”

Hammers Screens Hammermill

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14 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 15: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

SMo r t C o u r s e D e t a iI s

IOMSA Board Meeting To Be Held SundayThe board of directors and officers of the International Oil Mill

Superintendents Association will conduct a meeting Sunday, April 9, at the Hilton Hotel short course site. Topics to be discussed will include plans for the annual summer convention held jointly for the second consecutive year with the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association

Board members include Martin Horsman, Chickasha Cotton Oil Company; Steve Cooper, Osceola Products; Roy A Carr, POS Pilot Plant; and Larry Paukert, Southern Cotton Oil Company. Current officers of the IOMSA are President Curtis Simone, Rio Grande Oil Mill and Vice President Mike Cheney, Honeymead Products. Also scheduled for attendance are Program Chairman Tim Detamore, Producers Coop; Food Protein Research and Development Center representative Steve Doty; Secretary- Treasurer Marvin Sue Greaser; and Oil Mill Gazetteer Publisher Paula Kolmar.

Pre-Registration VitalThe importance of pre-registering forthe short course can not

be underestimated; it is critical for planning meeting space and the Monday luncheon at the Hilton where the entire course will be held. Participants should send the pre-registration form to the FPR&DC of Texas A&M University.

On-site registration will be conducted at the Hilton Monday, April 10, from 8:00 A.M. to 9:00 A.M.

Room accommodations have been arranged at the Hilton at a rate of $53.00 per night. Reservations should be made by March 24 if possible. Phone the Hilton at 409-693-7500 or fax at 409-846-7361.

Send In Safety Award ApplicationSafety in the oilseed processing industry is one of the most

critical elements for successful plant operation. Keeping employees safe from harm is important to everyone involved: the

employee, the supervisor, the superintendent, executives and the government. The industry has worked for decades to develop a safe environment for its employees and has achieved a high level of success in that endeavor.

The Safety Award Program of the Short Course for Oil Mill Operators is designed to recognize these efforts with a plaque to take back to the plant and a small financial gift.

This year’s safety award is sponsored by the IOMSA and its officers and board members encourage all oilseed processor attendees to complete and submit the form appearing in this issue. The award ceremony is at 11:45 A.M. on Tuesday. Does your plant have a safety award plaque on display?

Registration Covers Lunch, Annual Bar-B-QueBreaking from tradition, the short course will be held at the

College Station Hilton rather than on Texas A&M University’s campus. The $75 pre-registration fee includes a catered lunch on Monday and the annual bar-b-que held at the Knights of Columbus Hall in College Station that evening.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 15

Page 16: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

ShoRT C o u r s e SAfETy C o n t e s t

S A F E T Y A W A R D S A P P L IC A T IO N1

BASIC RULES FOR SAFETY CONTEST

Eligibility; Any mill superintendent that subm its his safety record in accordance to the rules set forth and is in attendance at the short course.

Basis of Safety Record: Lost time frequency rates = N um ber Lost Time Accidents x man-hours worked.

Only hourly paid em ployees time to be computed.Only man-hours of em ployees worked in mill proper may

be counted. (Yard workers, repairmen, fork-truck drivers, yard foremen, oil loaders, truck- dum p operators, cake warehousemen, etc. may be included.) Superintendent, supervisor, manager, seed buyer, scale clerk, timekeeper, and other people not Under the d irect supervision of the superintendent may not be included.

Lost Time Accidents Defined: A reportable lost-time accident shall be the term applied to any injury arising out of and in the course of employment, resulting in death, or tem porary total d isability including heat prostration, snake bites, and poison ivy or poison oak cases which involve loss of time, but excluding hernia unless the injured suffers a com plete and sudden breakdown at the time and place of the accident. Illness resulting solely from antitoxin, vaccines, or drugs used in the treatment on non-disabling injury shall not cause the injury to be classified as lost time.

Permanent total d isability shall be an in jury which occurs in the course of em ploym ent which does not result in death but which perm anently and totally incapacitates an em ployee and prevents them from fo llow ing any gainfu occupation. The loss of, or com plete loss of, any of the fo llow ing in one accident shall be considered permanen total d isab ility both eyes, one eye and one hand, arm, leg o foo t any of the fo llow ing not on the same limb: hand, arm foot, or leg.

Permanent partial d isability shall be an in jury (other than one which results in death) which involves the loss of or perm anent impairment of any functions of any members of the body or part thereof. Every perm anent d isab ility shall be counted, even though the in jury does not lose time.

Temporary total d isability shall be any in jury (other than one which results in death or perm anent impairment) which in the opin ion of the doctor makes it im possib le for the injured em ployee to return to his regularly scheduled job on the work day next fo llow ing the day on w hich the injury occurred. No matter at what time of the work day the employee should be injured, if at the beg inn ing of the next scheduled work day he is unable in the op in ion of the doctor to perform his ord inary duties or the normal duties of some other regularly established job; i.e., a job w hich is not set up solely to avoid continu ing the case, the in jury shall be counted as a Temporary Total Disability.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HOW’S YOUR SAFETY RECORD? IT MAY BE BETTER THAN YOU THINK. Answer the question below and let’s find out.Please send entries to: Les Watkins, Food Protein Research and Development Center, FM Box 183, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843 or Fax 409-845-2744

Representative of mill must be in attendance at short course Number of lost-time accidents during period beginning April 1,1994 through March 31:

Submitted:Approved: A///// Superintendent

Mill Manager Name of Mill: ____________________________

Location:Safety Program Outline

(Add a page if needed to com plete outline)

Page 17: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

How to squeeze the most out of your oilseed processing business.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 17

Page 18: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

This is part of a series of articles appearing periodically in this publication designed to improve skills in management and communication.

T U R N IN G T H IN G S A R O U N D

How To Make A Complaint

When new processing equipment fails to work or parts are missing on delivery or service response is not up to par, a com pla in t process generally begins. This article spells out a systematic method which might help get the problem solved.

B y

R I C H A R D G . E N S M A N , J R

In this age of top-notch customer service, you probably know how to respond to complaints whatever your occupation. But when confronted by inferior service or a defective product, do you know how to make a complaint?

Results-oriented complaining is athree-stage process: making the complaint, appealing the complaint and setting the stage for sanctions.

If you would like to make this three-step process workforyou, read on. Here is a point-by-point explanation of what you should do next time you need to turn things around after a purchase.

Making the ComplaintSome 80 to 90 per cent of all complaints can be resolved

during the first stage of the complaint process. Follow these tips, and you may well meet with quick success.

Identify the precise problem. Be exact. If a machine is not working right, for instance, be ready to describe the parts that fail, and when they fail.

Pinpoint fault. Be sure you are not the source of the problem. If you did not read the directors for a product, for instance, go back and review them.

Gather evidence. Broken parts, logs of faulty service, names of salespeople and photographs are all examples of evidence that will help you resolve the problem.

Think of yourself and the seller as a team. This important mindset will help you find a mutually acceptable solution to the problem.

Introduce yourself to the person who made the sale. If youhave been a longtime customer of the business about to receive your complaint, mention that. If you have been satisfied with other products or services in the past, mention that as well. Position yourself as having a current or prospective relationship with the company, and the seller will perceive you as credible.

State the problem. Follow the K-l-S-S-S formula: keep it short, simple and specific, and do not confuse the company’s representative with extraneous information or interpretations. Now is the time to present any evidence you have.

Do not make the problem personal. Do not get angry or emotional. Keep the tone conversation polite and businesslike.

Do not threaten. Threats only leave the seller defensive, and diminish productive communication. Besides, you have no reason to make threats at this point.

Ask about the company’s complaint procedure. The company may have a formal procedure for dealing with product or service problems. Now is the time to find out.

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18 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 19: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Listen. Most likely, the seller will be anxious to help you. If he has questions, answer them.

Negotiate. If the seller does not appear willing to offer immediate satisfaction, calmly and politely tell him that his proposed solution is not acceptable. Invite him to suggest alternative solutions, or restate what you would like done.

Confirm agreements. If you and the seller agree on a course of action, repeat the agreement back to the seller. After the conversation is over, make written notes to yourself. If the problem is significant or involves a substantial sum of money, confirm the agreement with the seller by letter.

Appealing the ComplaintThe great majority of complaints are

resolved during the initial conversation. But let us say you are not able to do this. Then it is time to bring the complaint to the attention of someone with the authority and motivation to make things right.

Stay calm. Do not anger the person you spoke with, or invite him or his superiors to label you as a rabble rouser. Thinkof yourself as acredible, respectable and poised cus tom er - and act accordingly.

Go to the person who can make things right. This might be the supervisor of the person you spoke with. Or the com pany president. Or, in a large company, the director of consumer affairs. If you are not sure where to go, try to reach the president’s secretary or an executive assistant. Explain the problem and ask for the name and title of the person who can help you.

Write, do not call. Unless the problem is extremely simple, you are usually better off writing a letter at this stage. Restate the problem, note the evidence you have and include identifying information such as serial numbers and part names. Name the person who was not able or willing to help you, and briefly describe the conversation.

Offer a deadline. Toward the end of your letter (or, in the case of a simple problem, your telephone conversation), ask for a reply by a certain date. Be reasonable: if the problem is complex, offer two to three weeks.

Chances are, your problem will be addressed at this point.

Setting SanctionsEffective complainers do not make idle

threats out of anger when things do not go their way. Rather, they identify the sanctions most likely to motivate the seller to resolve the problem quickly. If your

problem is not resolved by this stage, proceed to the next step.

If you do not hear from the seller, prepare for one more contact. This is where things get serious. If you do not hear from the superior by the deadline you requested, prepare one more letter or telephone call. When writing, include a copy of your original letter and a note a final deadline.

Identify external sources of help. Examples: the local Better Business Bureau, consumer advocacy groups, law enforcement agencies or the state attorney general, private or govern mental regulatory agencies, c red it card com panies, attorneys. If the seller carries public licenses, you might include the licensing body.

Make contact with an external agency. Briefly explain your problem by telephone. Mention that you are about to make one last contact with the seller, and ask for permission to send a copy of your letter to an official of the external agency.

If you are not sure who can help you, do some research. Not sure which private or governmental organizations should be on your list? Call your local consumer ombudsman, if one is available. If not, try

your local consumer affairs office or public library.

Now, send your letter. Note the name of the person you are copying in and the name of the person’s agency. Send the letter by certified mail.

Dig in. If you do not receive a satisfactory reply from the seller, follow up with a letter to the external agency you identified as a possible source of help. Include copies of all correspondence, receipts, serial numbers and the like. The wheels of these organizations often move slowly, so be patient.

Remain businesslike. However angry you feel, maintain a sense of composure through the entire process. Your calm dem eanor makes fo r sm ooth com m unication and positions your complaint as legitimate.

When you encounter a product or service problem, do not despair; your complaint will probably be resolved in the early stages of the process. As you probably know, most business firms are anxious to resolve problems as quickly as possible. But when they do not, remember: by complaining, you are helping them understand what real customer service is j all about.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 19

Page 20: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

The g loba l co tton industry annua lly aw a its its firs t im age of w ha t acreage U .S . fa rm ers th ink they w ill g ive the crop.

Cotton Plantings Survey Shows 1995/’96 Acreage Surge To 15.6 Million

G iving the oilseed industry its first glimpse of what may be in store for 1995/1996 U.S. cotton output, the National Cotton Council’s thirteenth annual Planting Intentions Survey

says it will reach 15.587 million acres compared to the actual 1994/1995 acreage of 13.726 million.

Council economist Jess Barr said the survey, mailed the last week of December with a deadline of January 13 for returns to be considered, reflects growers’ initial planting intentions. The report also includes only those growers involved in cotton production for at least one year and does not include those planting their first cotton crop.

The survey reveals intentions to boost upland plantings 13.8 per cent to 15.422 million acres, while ELS acreage is seen declining 2.3 per cent to 165,000 acres. The change in the upland Acreage Reduction Program requirement from 11 per cent in 1994 to zero per cent for 1995 would allow program- eligible acreage to rise 12.4 per cent.

Mr. Barr said that with expected abandonment, 1995 harvested acreage would approximate 14.5 million acres, with pre-acre yield for 1995 projected at near the 30-year trend of 665 pounds. Cotton production for 1995 is projected to fall within the interval of 19.2 to 21 million bales, with a mid-point of 20.1 million Cottonseed production is forecast to fall between 7.5 and 8.2 million tons with a mid-point of 7.8 million tons. This compares with atotal U.S. output estimated for 1994/1995 of 19.73 million bales and 7.67 million tons of cottonseed, according to USDA statistics.

Mr. Barr said the slight reduction in ELS acreage probably results from a more favorable upland outlook. Lower ELS

U.S. Cotton Acreage By State (1,000 acres)

State 1994* 1995**California 1,181 1,256Arizona 361 385New Mexico 66 78Texas 5,479 6,191Oklahoma 360 385Missouri 352 410Arkansas 980 1,075Louisiana 900 995Tennessee 590 635Mississippi 1,280 1,425Alabama 468 530Georgia 885 1,205Florida 69 90South Carolina 225 270North Carolina 487 595Virginia 42 60

Total 13,726 15,587

‘ Source NASS, USDA**Source National Cotton Council Planting Intentions Survey

plantings are projected despite the lower ARP for ELS in 1995. The ELS ARP is changing from 15 per cent in 1994 to ten per cent for 1995, which would allow acreage planted in the program to rise 5.9 per cent.

Based on the early January survey, the Southeast plans the largest percentage increase in upland cotton area. Producers in

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20 OIL MILL GAZETTEER/March, 1995

Page 21: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

this region indicate plantings of 2.75 million acres, 26.4 per cent more than in 1994. Georgia and Virginia expect to boost planted area more than 35 per cent while Florida, North Carolina and South Carolina anticipate at least a 20 per cent rise in planted acreage. Alabama expects the smallest regional increase in plantings of 13 per cent.

Should these intentions be realized, acreage in Florida and Virginia would be the largest since 1937, plantings in Georgia and North Carolina would be the highest since 1953, and area for Alabama and South Carolina would be the largest since 1974.

Mid-South growers indicate an upland planted area increase of 10.7 per cent to 4.54 million acres. Louisiana, Mississippi and Missouri indicate increases exceeding ten per cent, while Arkansas and Tennessee anticipate smaller increases. If these intentions are realized, planted area in Louisiana and Tennessee would be the highest since the mid-1950s, while acreage for Arkansas, Mississippi and Missouri would be the largest since the early-to- mid 1970s.

Growers in the Southwest region plan to boost upland planted area by 12.7 per cent to 6.547 million acres. Texas expects to increase planted area by 13 per cent, while Oklahoma anticipates a smaller rise. Though Kansas anticipates a larger percentage increase in planted area, it represents a relatively small planted acreage rise.

Growers in the western states say upland plantings will climb eight per cent to 1.585 million acres. Producers in New Mexico indicate a significant increase in expected plantings, while Arizona and California plan smaller percentage increases.

The decline in expected ELS planted area of 2.3 per cent to165.000 acres is not unanimous across states. Arizona and California expect to lower ELS planted area compared to 1994, while New Mexico and Texas anticipate an increase in acreage.

U.S. Cottonseed Crushing Capacity Could Reach Maximum During 1995/1996 Season

A great concern of participants at the annual meeting of the National C otton Council appears to be what the producers and ginners are going to do with the large am ounts of co ttonseed produced in 1994/1995 and tentatively projected for 1995/1996.

With carryout from the 1994/1995 crop year potentially reaching one million tons rather than the USDA estimate of775.000 tons, reports the National Cottonseed Products Association, for July 31, plus the anticipated cottonseed production of 7.8 million tons, close to nine million tons will have to dealt with.

The 1994 crop saw significantly more cottonseed storage capacity than was available for the big crop of 1991/1992, and

that trend will continue to some degree in 1995, reports the NCPA, with new storage at both oil mills and gins available for the 1995 crop that was not in place when the 1994 crop began to come off; no clear estimate of that increase in storage capacity is available.

Likewise, a new oil mill under construction by Chickasha of Georgia in Tifton may come on line for the 1995 crop adding crush capacity to the cottonseed processing industry.

While the NCPA states it is aggressively promoting cottonseed products to help enhance product and seed values, the NCPA notes the growth in seed production will continue to increase the seed available beyond the domestic crush capacity of about four million tons and the percentage of the U.S. cottonseed crop that is crushed will continue to drift lower.

Other markets for cottonseed include: Mexico, which took133,000 metric tons of U.S.-produced seed in the 11 month period January - November 1994, and the already-established dairy market, where, even though dairy cow numbers are barely holding steady, the milkers that are there get hungrier all the time. Attractive whole cottonseed prices could increase the number of dairy owners who want to buy seed, speculates the NCPA.

The beef cattle market, where there is potentially a much larger number of mouths than in the dairy industry, is another important outlet. Traditionally, as the price of cottonseed drops, there is a point at which the beef feedlots begin to realize they can consume large quantities of cottonseed in place of other feedstuffs.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 21

Page 22: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry
Page 23: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Only the PX90consistently

produces the qualityresults we need”

A ' Tetra Laval FoodTetra Laval Food Fats & Oils, 200 South Park Boulevard, Greenwood,

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The PX90, with a capacity of 700 tpd is the

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For further information about PX Separators,

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Page 24: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

People and Places^The International Oil Mill Superintendents Association welcomes membership applications from: Mark Cartwright, J. G. Boswell Company, Corcoran, California; Paul Dutcher, EARTH WIDE, Center Point, Texas; and M. MacLellan, Rajanai Industries Limited, Dar EsSalaam, Tanzania. These applications will be presented at the general business meeting during the Destin, Florida convention in June .

A survey of top executives at 100 snack food manufacturers reveal that sales of reduced fat products are increasing. The survey, FoodTRENDS on Snack Foods, reported the item noting that 95 per cent of those surveyed concurred.

Hollis G. Sullivan, President of Valley Co-op Oil Mill, hasconfirmed the appointment of Dennis E. Easley to the position of general superintendent. Mr.Easley joined Valeo in March 1994 working with re tiring superintendent Farrell Lucas.

Mr. Lucas began his career with Valeo in 1958, in 1966 he was promoted to assistant superintendent, then in 1967 he was promoted to general superintendent. Mr. Lucas will continue his employment at Valeo.

Plains Cooperative Oil Mill, Inc. has announced a change of mailing address: P.O. Box 841, Lubbock, Texas 79408-0841.

A joint project of the National Cottonseed Products Association and The Cotton Foundation, the publication of Vegetable Oils and Agrichemicals is in the works. It is the fourth in The Cotton Foundation Reference Book Series on cotton and cotton production. Extensive coverage of every aspect of using cottonseed oil and other vegetable oils as carriers and adjuvants in agricultural spray applications are a few of the areas covered. To inquire about ordering contact the NCPA at 901-682-0800.

Lucas

James H. Sanford was elected president of the National CottonCouncil during the organization’s recent annual meeting. He succeeds Bruce Brumfield who becomes the board chairman. Mr. Sanford, a Prattville, Alabama, producer, served as chairman of The Cotton Foundation, NCC treasurer, vice chairman of the research and education program committee, and chairman of the organization’s Industry/Government Research Committee. He has participated in several industry trade missions to Europe and the Far East.

USDA’s National Agricultural Library is now making available to the public a comprehensive “Resource Guide to Aquaculture Information” and two popular reference guides on the developing field of rural studies. The “Resource Guide to Aquaculture Information” lists over 500 resources for information on all aspects of aquaculture. Included with the listing are addresses, telephone numbers and, where available, e-mail addresses. For free copies contact the NAL7 Aquaculture Information Center, 10301 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351.

Calgene has announced that it has begun the first commercial plantings of laureate canola in Georgia. According to the Canola Council of Canada, the canola will create a stable domestic supply of laureate for use in the manufacture of soap, detergent, oleochemical and personal care products.

Sparks Companies, Inc., Memphis, Tennessee, has added aCanadian division with offices in Ottawa, Ontario. A company oriented toward agriculture and agri-business consulting, Sparks anticipates an enhancement of research, analysis and information networks with the addition.

Okamura Oil Mill, Osaka, Japan, the only operating cottonseed oil mill there, did not suffer damage from the massive earthquake which struck the country January 17. The NCPA determined from Mr. K Okamura, president of the plant, that all personnel and equipment were safe and the mill continues to operate without interruption. The epicenter occurred 37 miles from the plant location.

Congratulations are due The Sunflower, a publication of the National Sunflower Association. The magazine celebrates its twentieth year of publication in 1995. Its editor, Larry Kleingartner, is also the executive director of the NSA.

The first results of the USDA’s Cattle on Feed Evaluation shows the beef industry is making a proactive effort to change management practices to assure the quality and safety of their products. For this initial portion of the COFE evaluation, 913 small-capacity and 498 large-capacity feedlot producers responded to USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s survey about operational management and health of their cattle.

An agreement to lease 100 acres of a major delta soil type has been signed by the Delta Research and Extension Center to conduct cotton and soybean research. Effective January 1, 1995, the lease will extend for a period of five years. A 1993 policy session between the Delta Council and area farmers began the lease process; producers in the delta felt they would benefit from research on the rich soil because it is similar to that on most delta farms.

Vince Vavpot, Anderson International, Cleveland, Ohio, announced the rejoining of Dave Bican to the firm on a full-time basis as a customer service engineer. For the past 12 years Mr. Bican was with AGA as a certification engineer testing and supervising tests of various manufacturers’ gas appliances. Previous to AGA, he was with Anderson for five years in the capacity of machinery troubleshooting technician for Expellers, Expanders and Rendering Systems. Mr. Vavpot said he is

confident Mr. Bican’s capabilities will be very beneficial to the firm and that he will be a valuable addition to its sales and service department.

Bican

24 OIL MILL GAZETTEER/ March, 1995

Page 25: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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From the IOMSA President’s Desk

Curtis L. Simone

IOMSA, TSOMSA Create Merger CommitteesThe International Oil Mill Superintendents Association and the

Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association are forming a committee to develop a plan to merge the two organizations.

A unified organization will provide a larger more diversified base from which to draw expertise. Further, it should reduce the financial pressures on our associations, vendors, and the companies that send us to the annual conventions.

It is hoped that the plan will be completed by the 1995 June convention in preparation for a vote by the IOMSA membership at the general business meeting on Tuesday, June 26.

Cottonseed crushers from four states have been elected to serve as state unit officers for the National Cotton Council: Riftin Curtis,Chandler, Arizona; William Clark, Greenwood, Mississippi; Clifton Barnes, Rocky Mount, North Carolina; and Robert Griggs, Quanah, Texas.

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The Toxics Release Inventory has been expanded from 368 compounds to 654, reports the NCPA. This regulation requires companies who use compounds which, according to the EPA, can harm the public or hurt the environment, to register and report to the agency on a regular basis the amounts released or used. Hexane is one of the compounds added to this list. The federal regulation requires reporting by July 1996, however, some states may require earlier compliance. Contact the EPA office in your state to check reporting requirements.

t i l r t t i u y . r l H i U L t l U s l l l i l r

Page 26: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

World 1994/1995 Oilseed Output Estim ate Up 11 % Over Last Season; U.S. Leads Drive

The world forecast of oilseed production in 1994/1995 is about 11 per cent over 1993/1994 while the U.S. output is expected to reach 81 million tons, up 26 per cent, according to the USDA

Country Specifics For 1994/1995• In India, forecast peanut production for 1994 is down to 8.4

million tons as recent harvest statistics indicate lower-than- expected yields. Much of this crop is destined for the domestic market and will likely have little impact on markets outside India. However, crush is still expected to reach 6.7 million tons in 1994/ 1995, 12 per cent ahead of last season. Similarly, peanut meal and oil production are expected to be 12 per cent above the level of a year ago.

• Cottonseed production in Pakistan was reduced in response to lower than expected cottonseed yields. Increased incidence of whitefly and bollworm infestations are expected to further reduce cottonseed yields 1994. Most of the cottonseed produced in Pakistan is destined for the domestic market. Cottonseed crush is forecast to reach 2.3 million tons in 1994/1995, 66,000 tons below last year. Cottonseed meal production is forecast to reach one million tons, down 30,000 tons from last year while oil production is forecast to reach 250,000 tons, up 17,000 tons from last year reflecting an expected higher oil extraction rate in 1994/1995.

• Forecast cottonseed production in China dropped 437,000 tons to 7.2 million tons as China’s recently released official estimates indicated a lower level of production. Despite the

decline in this month’s forecast, total cottonseed production is expected to exceed the 1993 estimate by 855,000 tons. Forecast cottonseed crush was reduced six million tons. Forecast cottonseed meal and oil production forecasts are down, but should remain approximately 15 per cent above last year’s levels.

• China’s rapeseed import forecast for 1994/1995 is increasing in response to reports of recent sales of rapeseed by Canada to China. This brings forecast rapeseed imports by China to 250,000 tons this year, up from zero in 1993/1994. Expectations are that this additional seed will be crushed with the resulting increase in meal and oil production destined for the domestic market. China’s total oil consumption in 1994/1995 is forecast to grow nearly four per cent with much of the increase limited to rapeseed and cottonseed oil.

• Forecast sunflower seed production in Hungary in 1994 is down reflecting recently released official statistics. With this decline, total sunflower seed production in Hungary is forecast to decline seven per cent from 700,000 tons produced in 1993.

• Favorable planting and growing conditions in Argentina point to additional hectares planted and expected very good yields, with the crop now forecast at 12.7 million tons.

• U.S. sunflower seed production is forecast at 2.2 million tons, up from earlier estimates, while the U.S. rapeseed output forecast of 209,000 tons is up ten per cent from December.

Sharply reduced 1994/1995 beginning stocks in the United States and abroad will limit global expansion in oilseed supplies to 20.9 million tons, of which expansion in the United States will account for more than 90 per cent, according to the USDA. Improved incomes, expanding livestock product output and favorable crush margins should accelerate growth in oilseed product usage and limit the recovery in global oilseed stocks to 45 days of use, the largest since 1985/1986, compared with only 31 days a year earlier.

The bulk of the expansion in oilseeds stocks, reports the USDA, will be in the United States and South America.

Oil Demand continues to drive the crush. Because of a less than previously expected U.S. soybean oil extraction rate and larger than previously expected oil exports, U.S. vegetable oil ending stocks are now expected to remain unchanged from last year’s 30 days of use coverage, or 29 per cent below its long­term average.

However, outside the United States vegetable oil ending stocks are forecast at only 28 days of use, compared with 29 days a year earlier, or 30 per cent below its long-term average.If the USDA’s assumptions about production and use estimates are on track, most vegetable oil prices are likely to remain above their respective long-term averages throughout 1994/1995.

Soybean oil now accounts for more than 49 per cent of product value, the highest since July 1985. Despite lower feed ingredient prices, feed profitability is below its long-term average and this could adversely influence livestock product output, particularly for swine, as well as meal usage in 1995/1996.

The Mexican currency devaluation will make oilseed products significantly more expensive and limit imports, speculates the USDA.

Despite recent weakness in the value of the European Currency Unit in relation to the U.S. dollar, the ECU remains significantly above a year ago and European Union meal usage is in a recovery phase.

The EU oilseed area increased to a record large 5.95 million

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26 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 27: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Foreign D em and Pushing Growth In U.S. C otton Linter Export M arkets

The U.S. cotton lint market continues to be active, according to the American Cotton Linter Association, with demand strong and prices firm. Supplies seem to be adequate for domestic needs, but if all the export interest was full-filled, there would likely be a short fall.

The world economy is in an expansion mode and there seems to be plenty of hard cash to pay for linters and all other cottonseed products, said the ACLA China continues to be the driving force behind the export demand.

U.S. Bureau of Census figures for the period of January through November 1994 place China as the fifth largest importer of U.S. produced cotton linters taking in about ten per cent of all U.S. linter exports for the period. Census figures list exports of linters to China at 7,300 metric tons.

Other destinations and amounts in metric tons were: Mexico -18,7000; Japan-14,490; Brazil -10,508; and Germany-8,956.

The total linter exports listed by the Bureau of the Census for the eleven month period was 73,764 tons. For the month of November 1994 alone, 8,616 tons of U.S. cotton linters were exported.

hectares, compared with 5.59 million last year, and exceeded the Agreement level. Although EU oilseed production is estimated at 12.1 million tons, compared with 10.6 million tons last year, imports of oilseeds and meals, chiefly soybeans, will expand to fill growing demand. Favorable crush margins for soybeans and high oil prices will cause most of the EU import expansion to be as bean, rather than meal, reports the USDA. Expanding availabilities of vegetable oil from imported seed will restrict net imports of oil into the EU.

Texas A&M University Co-Organizes Two Aquaculture Nutrition, Feeds Courses

The Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and the Food Protein Research and Development Center of Texas A&M University, College Station, will present two practical short courses on aquaculture nutrition and feeds, reports Dr. Ed Lusas of Texas A&M.

The course on aquaculture nutrition and feed management will be held September 24-29, in Corpus Christi, Texas and will involve surrounding regions. This course will review nutrition and feeding practices of shrimp, catfish, salmon and trout, tilapia, red fish and hybrid striped bass. Two days of the course will be devoted to visiting aquaculture research, hatchery, growing, processing andfeed preparation installations in theTexas Coastal Bend Region.

The aquaculture feeds preparation course will review and demonstrate extrusion of aquaculture feeds using the four major types of dry process, cut-flight screw, and segmented single- and twin-screw extruders. Pelleting, materials handling (grinding, mixing, coating), recycling of wet fisheries by-products, vitamin stability and flavor attractants will also be covered. The meetings are scheduled at Texas A&M University, October 1-6.

Organizers of the program are Addison Lawrence, leader, Shrimp Mariculture Project, Port Aransas; Delbert Gatlin, III, associate professor, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; and Ed Lusas, head of Extrusion Technology Programs.

Apply early as space is limited and course participants must be registered before arrival. For registration information, fax, write or call: Dr. Ed Lusas, FPR&DC, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2476; phone 409-845-2741; fax: 409-845-2744.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 27

Page 28: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Recent changes in South Africa's p o lit ica ls are creating opportunities in the oilseed industry there and for most of the sub-Saharan region.

South Africa On the Comeback Trail

Things have changed in the country of South Africa and they are having an impact on its agricultural industry including oilseeds and oilseed products and processing.

South Africa, about 1.5 times the size of Texas, is located at the tip of the African continent with a population of 40 million, according to the USDA/FAS, and ten per cent of the land is arable with atemperate climate very suitable for crop production. Though mineral resources provide the bulk of the country’s health, it is a major agricultural producer and supplier to neighboring regions, according to the USDA’s research.

Large commodity imports typically occur due to drought- related crop failures. The USDA trade reports show heavy imports of soybeans from the United States during the dry 1992 crop season.

By world standards, South Africa’s market is relatively open. Although the agricultural sector comprises only five per cent of national income, reports the USDA, it is insulated from direct market competition by an extensive system of import tariffs, quantitative import controls, and commodity marketing boards. Importers are required to obtain an import permit for most agricultural products from either the South African Department of Agriculture or the South African Department of Trade and Industry.

South Africa is proceeding with economic and trade reforms aimed at reinstating the country as a full-fledged member of the international trading community after years of isolation attributable to international sanctions. As an active participant in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Uruguary Round negotiations, the South African government is expected to ratify both the

agreement and its accession from the GATT to the World Trade Organization in the first quarter of 1995.

As a part of South Africa’s commitment to liberalizing trade, the controlled marketing of agricultural products, and especially quantitative import controls, will be replaced by an import tariff system. However, state commodity boards continue to control import permits for major grains and dairy products.

The bulk commodity trade is controlled by a few large processors, who operate not only in South Africa but in many adjoining countries. Because South Africa is a major producer and exporter of bulk commodities to its neighbors and a financial hub for the region, forming business relationships with the processors may offer low-risk opportunities for expanding trade within the region.

The South African economy is recovering from a protracted three-year recession (1989-1993). Major contributing factors to the recession were prolonged drought in southern Africa; sagging demand for the country’s primary commodity exports (gold, diamonds, coal, and platinum); and a drop in fixed investment because of sanctions and political uncertainty.

Following sluggish growth in 1993, economic fundamentals and real fixed investment began to pick up in 1994.

The consensus of South Africa watchers is that economic growth will accelerate in the next few years, averaging as high as four per cent in 1995.

Four key macroeconomic indicators warrant special attention in South Africa: the unemployment rate, per capita income distribution, inflation rate, and the central government’s budget. Each of these four variables has the potential to either improve

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Page 29: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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or undermine the economic fundamentals enough to alter future economic growth projections.

Tight monetary policy has thus far kept inflationary pressures in check. In fact, the inflation rate dipped into the single digits in 1993 and 1994.

South Africa’s trade and current account balances have weakened considerably since the beginning of the decade and are expected to continue their slide over the next couple of years. The up-side in this negative trend is that South Africa’s external account imbalance is being fueled by the country’s improved international standing and ability to attract large inflows of foreign capital.

South Africa has a very low debt level relative to the size of its economy, according to the USDA’s research. By international standards, its capacity to service additional debt will be limited by a heavy repayments burden, but nonetheless should remain manageable in the near- to medium-term future.

The most attractive opportunities for U.S. agricultural exporters may be in using South Africa’s well-developed financial system to launch regional market development programs for products that com p lem ent or supp lem ent its hom e-produced commodities, speculates the USDA. Capitalizing on such opportunities will require U.S. business people to develop closer ties with the South African business and financial communities, the USDA said.

Southern Africa Region Target For U.S. Agricultural Exports Via Credit Guarantees

To facilitate U.S. agricultural exports to the southern Africa region, the USDA authorized $100 million in credit guarantees in connection with sales of U.S. agricultural commodities to private sector entities in several countries in southern Africa for 1995.

Countries included in the authorization are Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Commodities covered by the authorization include wheat, vegetable oils, soybeans, feed grains, and breeder livestock.

Many of the countries covered under the authorization are low-income high-risk developing countries, according to the USDA. Underthe regional program, only banks pre-approved by the Commodity Credit Corporation in the countries of South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe or Mauritius may issue letters of credit on behalf of importers.

However, importers may designate their purchases to be shipped to any of the countries listed as markets. The program is specifically designed to mitigate credit risk to the U .S. business and financial communities, and to create economies of scale in financing, purchasing and transportation arrangements for southern African importers.

It also encourages local entrepreneurs to develop the private sector in countries in the region traditionally dominated by the public sector.

The guarantee was issued under the Commodity Credit Corporation’s Export Credit Guarantee Program (GSM-102). Coverage of up to 98 per cent of the principal is offered on credit terms of from 90 days to three years.

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Page 30: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

present boards for approval in June 1995 at the convention meeting in Destin, Florida. ThetwoTSOMSAcommittee members were selected and approved by the board February 11, and are Billy Clark and Paul Hankey.

We anticipate that the IOMSA will address, at their board meeting in April, the request for merger and their merger committee members.

If the committee completes their work and the IOMSA board and TSOMSA board concurs, a merger vote will be taken at the general business meetings at Destin, Florida.

Anyone with questions or suggestions should contact one of the committee members. For TSOMSA, they are: Paul Flankey, Southern Soya Corp., P.O. Box 727, Estill, South Carolina 29918, phone 803-625-2951, Fax 803-625-2229 or Billy Clark, Yazoo Valley Oil Mills, P.O. Box 1320, Greenwood, Mississippi 38930, phone 601-453-4312, fax 601-455-4427.

We believe that there is strength in unity and understanding. We strongly urge that the membership consider this request for merger and fulfill our 1995 convention motto “Together We Are Stronger.”

TSOMSA Board Conducts Formal Meeting At 1995 Convention Site, Destin, Florida

Prepared by TSOMSA Board of Directors

The Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendent’s Association board of directors met on February 11,1995, at San Destin, Florida. It was the consensus of the board to proceed toward a merger between the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association and the International Oil Mill Superintendent’s Association. This was voted on and carried unanimously.

The TSOMSA has also recommended that the IOMSA board proceed toward a merger.

The TSOMSA board has recommended that a four-member committee consisting of two members from the TSOMSA and two members from the IOMSA be formed to work out the details, by-laws, and terminology for the new organization. These members will be selected by the present two organizational boards, TSOMSA and IOMSA, and may be from either the general memberships or from the board memberships. This committee will then present their recommendations to the

In attendance at the TSOMSA board of directors meeting at the San Destin Hilton, Destin, Florida, were: (back row from left) Tom Richardson, president; John Whitsett, Oil Millers Booster Club; John Bridgewater, second vice president; Dennis Easley, board member; Jim Cobb, board member; Bobby Nachlinger, secretary/treasurer; (front row from left) Paul Hankey, board member; Richard Barton, board member; Harold Perry, finance chairman-suppliers; Curtis Simone,IOMSA president; and Lonnie Sellers, first vice president.

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30 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 31: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 31

Page 32: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

EMERGING COTTON COUNTRY

Turkish Water Project Plans Boost Year 2000 Cotton Crop ForecastFor several years, the government of Turkey has allocated

significant funds to an ambitious irrigation and energy project called the Southeastern Anatolia Project or “GAP” . The main purpose of GAP is to increase agricultural production in southeast Anatolia, according to the FAS/USDA, specifically cotton, feed grains and oilseeds .

The GAP project, which consists of 21 dams and 17 power stations on the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers and their tributaries, will provide power and water to a huge area of Turkey’s arid southeast. The project is one of the biggest irrigation and power generation projects in the world, containing 495 integrated development projects covering social, urban, infrastructure, agricultural irrigation, industrial, and environmental aspects.

Total cost of the project is $32 billion. Thus far $11 billion has been spent, which facilitated the completion of 40 percent of the irrigation projects and 56 per cent of the energy-related projects.

The GAP is designed to quadruple the southeastern gross regional product, now estimated at $2.5 billion annually. When the project is completed in the year 2005, it will be possible to irrigate 1.7 million hectares of arid land and generate 27 billion kilowatt/hours of electricity.

A total of 3.3 million jobs will be created, of which 1.9 million will be in agriculture and related industries. Double and triple cropping will be possible thanks to irrigation.

An important part of the project, to general agriculture and

cotton in particular, is the completion of the two Urfa tunnels. One tunnel was completed in November 1994. Along with the existing irrigation network, it will conduct water to the Harran Plain in the summer of 1995 from the Ataturk Dam.

Some 30,000 hectares will be irrigated the first year, of which 15,000 are expected to be sown to cotton. A few years later, the whole Harran Plain, about 140,000 hectares, is scheduled to be irrigated. The second tunnel is expected to open at the end of 1995 and irrigation networks are to be finalized before the year 2000.

When both tunnels and irrigation networks are completed, the Urfa tunnels will irrigate 476,000 hectares. Irrigation is expected to boost the production of cotton, feed grains and oilseeds.

Cotton Big In TurkeyCotton is one of the most important agricultural commodities

in Turkey. Total production in 1994/1995 reached 2.9 million bales, compared to 2.8 in 1993/1994. Output is likely to reach3.0 to 3.2 million bales in 1995/1996. There are four main cotton growing regions in Turkey: Cukurova, Aegean, Antalya, and southeast Anatolia.

The Cukurova region was the leading cotton producer during the period of 1960 to 1985, with production increasing after the Seyhan irrigation project was completed in the 1960s. Cotton area and production in this region for the 1993/1994 season was 161,221 hectares and 0.7 million bales. Area and production increased to 169,843 hectares and 0.8 million bales in the 1994/1995 season.

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Page 33: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Cotton is generally produced on relatively large holdings. Farms of up to several hundred hectares are common and others may occupy several thousand hectares. Much of the cotton is produced under owner-operator arrangements.

Large areas are also devoted to wheat, corn, vegetables, soybeans and citrus. In recent years, cotton in the Cukurova has experienced a decline in area as soil salinity and insects have become problems.

In the Aegean region, farms tend to be much smaller than in Cukurova, with holdings generally well under 40 hectares, and farms of only a few hectares are common. As in the other parts of Turkey, fragmentation of holdings is a problem. The owner- operator and his family usually supply most of the labor, except during harvest.

For the most part, cotton is grown on relatively deep alluvial soils. The Aegean region traditionally produces the best quality Turkish cotton. Production for 1994/1995 reached 1.2 million bales. Although farming is diversified, cotton has become firmly established. As a major crop, cotton shares land with tobacco, olives, wheat, figs, grapes and vegetables. Small areas of citrus are scattered in parts of the region where soil, water, and climate make production possible.

The Aegean region receives small amounts of rain during the cotton growing season, but not in quantities that would preclude irrigation. A few dams have been constructed to facilitate irrigation and water is occasionally taken from rivers and streams by pumps owned by individual farmers. Recently, industrial use and contamination of the rivers have caused the volume and the quality of the water supply to decline, hence slowing the increase of cotton production.

Antalya is a fairly small region that produces three per cent of the total Turkish cotton crop, 90,500 bales of cotton on 16,000 hectares in 1994/1995. Production is expected to be virtually unchanged for the 1995/1996 season.

Cotton crops in Antalya compete with citrus, onions and wheat. In general, agricultural land use is under pressure from tourist developments.

Southeast Anatolia is the only region to be affected by the GAP. Cotton has been produced here for many years and output has significantly increased in recent years. Farmers have utilized an increasing amount of well water to cultivate cotton.

Area and production for 1994/1995 increased to 160,420 hectares and 774,000 bales and is expected to increase to175,000 hectares and 850,000 bales in 1995/1996 with the opening of one of the Urfa tunnels. By the year 2000/2001, when both tunnel and irrigation systems are in place, production is projected to be two million bales on 415,000 hectares.

Cotton B igger A fter GAPThere are no official Turkish forecasts for future cotton

production in the GAP area. However, private sources indicate that by the year 2000/2001, production will likely reach one million tons with most of the increase coming from the GAP region of Southeast Anatolia.

However, serious obstacles must be overcome to reach this level of production, e.g., education of farmers, supply of quality seeds, programs regarding crop rotation, and construction of drainage canals.

Domestic cotton consumption has continued to increase along with textile exports. It is now estimated that local cotton consumption will reach three million bales in 1994/1995, according to the USDA. Since consumption exceeds production, the Turkish government declared an export tax of $600 per ton, effectively halting exports.

Cotton textile exports constitute the largest portion of all Turkish exports. Textile and related export goods reached an estimated $5.5 billion in 1994, constituting about 30 per cent of

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Page 34: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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34 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 35: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

total year-end projected exports of $18 billion. Roughly two- thirds of textiles are exported to the European Union.

In an effort to be a part of the EU, Turkey is moving toward customs unity with the EU. Negotiations to cut the customs rate to zero are scheduled for March 1995. Turkey will likely unify its customs rate with the EU shortly after these meetings.

Customs taxes have been gradually lowered during the last few years in preparation for a zero customs rate in 1996. Among the various industrial sectors, the textile industry will likely benefit most from customs unification.

According to studies by various government agencies, Turkish annual textile exports are expected to increase to $10 billion by the year 2000 from the present $5.5 billion.

Good Idea . . . W ith O bstaclesDespite the high degree of optimism by government officials

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including cotton, is still a problem.

• Financial resources devoted to the project are less than

Tracking Pollutants To Source Made Accurate With USDA Prediction Method

When someone turns on a faucet in one part of a watershed, someone else 20 miles away may be affected, says Robert A. Young, an ARS/USDAengineerin Morris, Minnesota. Awatershed includes all the land that drains into a main river, lake, or reservoir.

That is why he developed a watershed-scale computer prediction model called AGNPS, for Agricultural Non-Point- Source pollution. It is used by planning agencies to simulate the effects of various management practices on pollution in the watershed.

The model can tell where runoff from rain or snowmelt or irrigation may carry pesticides, fertilizers, or sediment throughout awatershed.

Fred D. Theurer, technology model development leader for USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service in Washington, D.C., says that NRCS planners use AGNPS for watersheds as large as 500 square miles.

“What AGNPS does that no other model can do is allow us to track pollutants back to their source,” Mr. Theurer says.

Mr. Theurer says NRCS has linked the model to an automated mapping computer program that allows for easy use.

With AGNPS, Mr. Young explains, he can divide a watershed into grids of any size. “For each grid, we tell the computer the soil type, topography, and land use. If crops are planted, we tell it the chemicals applied, tillage method, and whether contour farming or other conservation practices are being used. We also put in weather data for an area. From all of this, the computer estimates the pollution potential of each grid.”

“If we are not happy with the results from any particular grid, we can simulate a different scenario to see which changes would be most cost-effective,” Mr. Young says.

That is the biggest advantage of AGNPS, he says— being able to evaluate practices on a computer.

By pinpointing the major pollution sources, or “hot spots, ” the computer helps planners focus corrective actions at those locations. A little money spent on fixing these limited areas can

originally planned. The funds were reserved in a fixed lira amount. However, expenditures are in dollarterms. The high degree of devaluation of the local currency since 1985 has caused funds to depreciate in real terms. During the past year, the Turkish lira depreciated 140 per cent versus the dollar.

• Salinity is already a problem along the Syrian border where underground water is utilized to grow cotton.

• The construction of drainage canals is inadequate.

• The main factors for water utilization, i.e., the cost of water and the amount permitted to be used, have not been established.

• The education of farmers in irrigation techniques and related technology is needed.

Even though some government-owned land in the region has been distributed to farmers, a large number of villagers are waiting to gain ownership of the land that they presently farm as tenants. This is a critical element to help ensure the success of increased cotton production via GAP.

do more good than a lot of money spent on general practices throughout the watershed, Mr. Young says.

‘‘What AGNPS does that no other model can do is allow us to track pollutants back to their source. ”

Fred Theurer

The model is also used by other government and private agencies and organizations interested in keeping chemicals out of water, such as lake property owners’ associations, throughout the world.

TSOMSA MEMBERSHIP APPLICATIONComplete this form and mail with your remittance to:

BOBBY NACHUNGER 2 1 2 Ermen LaneOsceola, Arkansas 7 2 3 7 0 Date------------------ 19___

I , __________________________________________________do hereby make application for membership in the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association, and agree, if elected, to be governed by the rules and regulations of said Association.

Address ______________________________________________

Employed By__________________________________ _______

In Capacity o f ________________________________________Find check enclosed for $30.00 as membership fee which includes a subscription to the Oil Mill Gazetteer.

March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 35

Page 36: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

March 1 2 -1 4 - Oilseed Conference co­sponsored by the USDA Southern Regional Research Center and the National Cottonseed Products Association; Monteleone Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana. For information contact Shirley Saucier, USDA/SRRC, P.O. Box 1 9 6 8 7 , New Orleans, Louisiana, 70179 .

April 9 -11 - Sixty-third annual Short Course for Oil Mill Operators, sponsored by the International Oil Mill Superintendents Association, the FPR&DC of Texas A&M, and the Texas Cottonseed Crushers Association. The Hilton Hotel will serve as headquarters. For detailscontact Mrs. Marvin Sue Greaser,

IOMSA secretary-treasurer, 713-486- 1333; 9 039 Katy Freeway, #314. Houston, Texas 77024.

May 1 4 -1 6 - Ninety-ninth annual convention of the National Cottonseed Products Association, Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia. For details contact the NCPA at P.O. Box 172267, Memphis, Tennessee 38187 ; fax 901-682-2856.

June 2 5 -2 8 - Annual convention of the International Oil Mill Superintendents Association (101st) and the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association (70th); to be held jointly for the second consecutive year, San Destin Beach Hilton, Destin, Florida. For details

contact Mrs. Marvin Sue Greaser, IOMSA secretary-treasurer, 713-486- 1333; 9 039 Katy Freeway, #314, Houston, Texas 77024 ; or Bobby Nachlinger, TSOMSA secretary, 501- 563-6318 , 212 North Ermen Lane, Osceola, Arkansas 72370 .

July 7-9- Annual Expo of the American Soybean Association, Holiday Inn at the Convention Center, St. Louis, Missouri. Contact the ASA at P.O. Box 4 1 9 2 0 0 , St. Louis, Missouri 63141 ; fax 314-576-2786 .

December 2- Annual Winter Convention of the Tri-States Oil Mill Superintendents Association, Memphis, Tennessee. Details will be available at a later date.

U.S. Agriculture Spending Cuts Impact Cotton Before 1995 Farm Law Debates Begin

Agriculture will experience “real” spending cuts through the turn of the century while other federal budget items simply will be required to slow their rate of growth under the congressional budget office's deficit reduction projection, according to National Cotton Council Economic Services director Dr. Mark Lange commenting during an economic outlookfor delegates attending the Council’s annual meeting.

He said the CBO says that before any deficit reduction action, federal Commodity Credit Corporation expenditures to cover farm programs will decline from $9.5 billion in 1995 to $6.2 billion in 2000. If the percentage reductions known by CBO are applied to the baseline, CCC expenditures would fall to $6.2 billion by

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2002. The cumulative savings that would be realized from these reductions would be $5.3 billion over five years.

The Administration’s proposed fiscal year 1996 budget for the USDA emphasizes fiscal responsibility: saving hundreds of millions of dollars through reorganization while at the same time making important investments in our country’s future. The budget proposes $62.3 billion in outlays for 1996, the same level as the current estimate for 1995.

The budget projects reduced commodity program spending for 1996. Outlays for Commodity Credit Corporation domestic activities would decline by $1.5 billion from 1995, to a level of $9.1 billion. This figure reflects expectations of a return to normal yields and the implementation of crop insurance reform.

Said Dr. Lange, “Outlays for the cotton program, perhaps the best program cotton has ever had, are reasonable and have declined significantly as world cotton prices have risen. Given the world cotton situation, outlays for cotton over the next several years are likely to be below the five year average of the 1990 farm law.”

He said budget implications will play a major role in shaping the upcoming farm bill debates in the months ahead and all of agriculture will be called on to ensure that agriculture is treated fairly in the deliberations regarding spending and deficit reduction targets.

Dr. Lange also noted that while the United States experienced the greatest increase in employment and highest growth rate in gross domestic product since 1984, long-term growth prospects are dimmed by the continuing annual federal deficit pressures.

The USDA budget invests in new export sales opportunities which are expected to emerge under the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade Uruguay Round Agreement. The budget includes higher program levels for certain export prom otion activities consistent w ith the administration’s commitment to increase the program levels of USDA export promotion and related programs.

In keeping with the administration’s goal to make government more efficient, USDA closed selected research stations based on streamlining goals and invested in USDA’s Integrated Pest Management initiative.

36 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 37: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

HULL BEATERBecause of it's built-in tailings beater and uniquely designed main beating unit, this hull beater is the most efficient on the market today.

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Page 38: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Pre-Registration Form June 1995 Joint TSOMSA/IOMSA Convention, San Destin, Florida

N am e_______________________________________________________________________________

Firm Name_________________________________________ Position ________________________

Business Address_____________________________________Phone___________________________

Spouse's First N am e______________________________________________________________________

Children's Names, ages___________________________________________________________________

Manager's name if oil m ille r_______________________________________________________________

Please indicate how many w ill be participating in the following:

Volleyball__________ Bowling _________ G olf__________ Tennis_____________Ladies Luncheon

Monday banquet________________ Tuesday Awards Banquet_________________ Fishing T rip *___

Annual TSOMSA membership dues for June 1, 1995 to June 1, 1996$ 50.00 Pre-registration Ratesfor both TSOMSA and IOMSA: Registration Rates

Member and Spouse $150.00 Member and Spouse $190.00

Member only 110.00 Member only 150.00

Guest 150.00 Guest 190.00

Children over six 40.00 Children over six 80.00

Children six and under FREE Children six and under FREE

Send form and payment to:TSOMSA, Secretary-Treasurer IOMSA, Secretary-Treasurer212 North Ermen Lane or 9039 Katy Freeway, #314Osceola, Arkansas 72370 Houston, Texas 77024

*The Sunday deep sea fishing trip w ill be from 6:30 AM to 3:00 PM and is limited to 60 people. The IOMSA sec/treas has 30 and the TSOMSA sec/treas has 30. Tickets are $40 each; a baby in arms if free. Please add this $40 per person on your pre-registration check.

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38 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 39: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Biotechnology To Cotton’s Rescue: Bye-Bye Sweetpotato Whitefly

Scientists at the USDA/ARS’ Western Cotton Research Laboratory in Phoenix, Arizona, are using DNA technology to investigate ways to control the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci.

Although the insect has been in this country for more than 100 years, the first serious outbreak of a new strain hit Florida in 1986. The new strain of whitefly has recently been named b. argentifolii, silverleaf whitefly.

Since 1991, this pest has been blamed for annual crop damages estimated at more than $200 million to cotton and many vegetable and ornamental crops. Most of the damage has been in the warm-weather states of Florida, California, Arizona and Texas.

Geneticist Alan C. Bartlett’s detective work at Phoenix shows that there is a whole range of genetic variability among whiteflies around the world— a finding that has implications for controlling the pest.

“Earlier in our research, we were finding significant differences between the new flies that were damaging our crops and ones that had been here before.

“But further work revealed that other sweetpotato whiteflies from around the world fit neatly into an emerging pattern. It was hard to say where one population ended and another began,” says Mr. Barlett.

Now researchers can develop control strategies that work on a whole range of whiteflies and do not focus attention on what some people call a distinct species.

DNA technology may also help identify biocontrol wasps that attack whiteflies. ARS scientists in Albany, California, are sleuthing the DNA of these helpful wasps, in hopes that this genetic material will

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provide a fast, foo lproof key to distinguishing one wasp species from another.

“Right now, there is no easy way to figure out which wasps are the best at killing sweetpotato whiteflies,” explains Bruce Campbell of the ARS Western Regional Research Center at Albany. Adult whiteflies attack at least 600 plants.

More than a dozen kinds of friendly, stingerless wasps are now being raised in the United States in experiments to combat whitefly.

Identifying a winged adult wasp, which looks something like a miniature fly, can

be difficult enough. But it is virtually impossible to speedily identify the offspring of those same wasps at the ti me it matters most; that is, when they have successfully parasitized the developing whitefly and are living as maggoty larvae inside it.

“With the ideal test,” says Mr. Campbell, “you would squish the whitefly larvae, add a few drops of a chemical that act like a DNA probe, then look for a color change that reveals the wasp species.”

Using lab-reared adult wasps of known identity, he has found tell-tale differences in a short segment of DNA known as an internal transcribed spacer, or ITS. His earlier work with some other wasps, as well as ants, proved that an ITS can be an accurate guide to differentiating species.

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 39

Page 40: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Process Safety Management: Where the Industry Should Be Today

By

LEROY VENNE, Safety and Environmental Coordinator Cargill, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota

OSHA’s Process Safety Management regulation requires covered processes to fully implement 14 elements of process safety. This regulation went into effect May 26, 1992, with a few extensions or phase-in periods.

Simply put, all elements were to be fully complied with on May 26, 1992, except for the Process Hazard Analysis and compliance Audit elements which have specific phase-in date requirements build into the program; 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent (see Chart 1) of the Process Hazard Analysis Element must be complete by May 26, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997.

Since this regulation is two and one half years old and everyone should be familiar with its explicit requirements,

About the Author...As the safety and environmental

coordinator fo r Cargill, Inc. in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Mr. Venne is responsible fo r the administration o f the safety programs and the coordination o f environmental affairs fo r the company’s oilseed processing division.

With over 20 years in the oilseed processing industry, he has experience in most aspects o f plant operations. He spent thefirst ten years o f his career doing plant design, supervising construction and start­up o f new oilseed processing plantsfor an oilseed extraction manufacturer.

During his career, Mr. Venne has made several presenta tions a t industry conventions, including a talk on the Environmental Aspects o f Individual Unit Processes at the TSOMSA December meeting in 1992.

He is also chairman o f the Safety, Health and Loss Prevention Committee o f the N ational Oilseed Processors Association.

Chart 1: Process Safety M anagem ent Process Hazard Analysis Element 1910.119e

Standard Summary and Compliance Guidelines

Process hazard analysis (PHA) is a specified process which includes hazard evaluation. It is an analysis of potential causes and possible effects of fires, explosions, spills or releases of hazardous chemicals.

a detailed look at each element is not necessary. However, with experience and clarification come better ideal of what OSHA is really after regarding full implementation. Let us summarize what OSHA expects companies to have in place upon inspection beyond the explicit law.

Most o f the explicit requirem ents deal with documentation.

One form of documentation consists of program, policy or procedure statements explaining a company’s approach to a particular element regarding Who, What, When, Where, and How.

Another document requirement will show proof of implementation of the program, policy or procedure. In other words, a document is needed to show employee/ contractor involvement. Checklists and forms are adequate examples of this documentation.

Yet another document deals with qualification. It will show proof of who is qualified and the criteria for qualification.

Let us examine the documents a little closer. The program, policy, and procedure statements required for most of the elements may contain some or all of the following:

• Rationale for Prioritization

• Time Fram e o r Calendar of Events (see Chart 2)

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40 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 41: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

C hart 2: Process Safety Management Process Hazard Analysis Element 1910.119e

Standard Summary and Compliance Guidelines

Begin the analyses as soon as possible. Here is the schedule for phasing in the PHAs.

25% by May 26, 1994 50% by May 26, 1995 75% by May 26, 1996 100% by May 26, 1997

Chart 3: Process Safety M anagement Process Hazard Analysis Element 1910.119e

Standard Summary and Compliance Guidelines

A team of engineering and process operations experts must perform the process hazard analysis. This team must include at least:

a. One employee with experience and knowledge in the process being evaluated (possibly include a contractor employee).

b. One person who knows the process hazard analysis method being used.

• Team Com position and Qualifications (seeChart 3)

• Process for Resolution of Recommendations(see Chart 4)

• Responsibility/Authorization (see Chart 5)

• Em ployee/C ontractor Involvement andLines o f Com m unication

You must have employee/contractor involvement. This document is required for most elements also and should show that employees or contractors are involved in each applicable element of Process Safety Management. An example form might contain the following:

• Applicable elem ent• Date• Em ployee(s)/C ontractor(s) Name(s) and

Other Inform ation• Brief Sum m ary of the Meeting

Safety minutes or other meeting summaries can be also useful in fulfilling this document’s requirements.

Qualification documentation will be required in five of the elements; Process Hazard Analysis, Training,

Chart 4: Process Safety M anagement Process Hazard Analysis Element 1910.119e

Standard Summary and Compliance Guidelines

Employers must set up a system to:a. Quickly address the team ’s conclu sions and

recommendations.b. Assure that they will document and make quick

decisions about recommendations.c. Document actions that must be taken.d. Complete these actions as soon as possible.e. Create a written schedule for completion of these

actions.f. Communicate these actions to operating, maintenance

and other personnel whose work assignments are in the process and who may be affected by the recommendations or actions.

Mechanical Integrity, Management of Change and Emergency Planning and Response. Information included in this document may be:

• Name of Qualified• Item Qualified For

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March, 1995 / OIL MILL GAZETTEER 41

Page 42: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

Chart 5: Process Safety Management Process Hazard Analysis Element 1910.119e

Standard Summary and Compliance Guidelines

After completion of the initial PHA, a qualified process hazard analysis team must update and revalidate the PHA at least every five years. This team assures that the process hazard analysis is consistent with current process.

• Date• Applicable Elem ent• Criteria for Qualification• Authorization

As you can see, paper trails (see Chart 6) are absolutely essential to survive an OSHA inspection. But, as important as paper trails are, another essential part is the awareness your employees and contractors have about Process Safety Management.

Employees and contractors must understand and be able to convey their understanding and their roles in this entire program.

Again, documentation and employee/contractor involvement and understanding are keys to success.

In summary, the way to not only pass an OSHA

C hart 6: Process Safety M anagem ent Employee Training Element 1910.119g

Training documentation shall show:a. Initial and refresher training has been

conducted.b. Each employee has been trained.c. Each employee has understood the training.d. The employee’s identity, training date and

how the employer verified that the employee understood the training.

inspection, but also have the full benefit of what this regulation is intended to provide, here is what is necessary:

1. Say what you are going to do, in writing.2. Do what you say.3. Document what you do.

Presented at the annual Winter Meeting o f the Tri-States Oil Mill Superin tenden ts Association, D ecem ber 1994, Memphis, Tennessee.

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42 OIL MILL GAZETTEER / March, 1995

Page 43: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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Page 44: CPD International Journal for The Oilseeds Industry

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