covid-19 | textile face masksfile/cht-group-textile-face-masks.pdf · pp, pe, cv or mixtures. the...

FACE MASKSGeneral information in the presence of the global Covid-19 crisis

WHAT ARE VIRUSES?

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Viruses are organic structures that spread as virus particles and usually have a size of 0.015 µm to 0.4 µm (µm = micrometer). Viruses are therefore very small and allocated to the PM1 category (PM = particulate matter).They do not themselves consist of cells and can only reproduce with the help of other cells. Viruses a genetic moleculs(DNA/RNA) enveloped with protein or lipid cover. For this reason, they are fundamentally dependent on living organisms and hosts.

Like bacteria, parasits and fungi, viruses belong to the category of pathogens and may cause health-damaging conditions in their hosts.

In contrast to viruses, bacteria are unicellar organisms and can multiply via cell division. Parasits also consist of cells. However, like viruses they exploit the metabolic processes of a host to reproduce themselves.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BACTERIAS AND VIRUSES

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Bacterias Viruses

Living organism Yes No

Typ Single cell Particle

Size 0.5-10 µm 0.02 - 0.35 µm

Reproduction By cell division Need living cells forreproduction

Metabolism Yes No

Antibiotics Act against bacterias Ineffective against viruses

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TRANSMISSION PATH OF SARS-CoV-2

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sick person

hands hands

contact person

airway

mocous membranes

items

saliva and nasal secretion

air and patogen aerosol


PROTECTION AGAINS VIRUSES

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Reduced infection risks through effective air filtration

Human hair= 50-70 µm in diameter

PM10

PM1.0

PM2.5

Dust, pollen and mold< 10 µm in diameter

Bacterias, organiccompounds

< 2.5 µm in diameter

Viruses< 1.0 µm in diameter

PM = stands for particulate matter:the term for a mixture of solid particlesand liquid droplets found in the air.


STRATEGIES TO INTERRUPT THE PATHWAYS OF INFECTION

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Keep distance (1.5 - 2.0 m)

Sneeze and cough properly

Wearing face masksDifferent protection levels possible

Washing hands with soap anddisinfection

Don´t touch mouth, eyesor nose

Disinfection of surfaces

Airborn/droplet infection Smear infection

As enveloped viruses, in which genetic material is coated by a layerof fat (lipid layer), coronaviruses react sensitively to substances thatdissilve fat, such a alcohols or surface active agents, which arecontained in soaps and dishwashing detergents as grease remover.


GENERAL OVERVIEW OF FACE MASKS

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Textile Masks(BMNS Masken)

Medical Face Masks(MNS Masken, OP Masken)

PPE or FFP Masks(Filtrierende Halbmasken)

Evaluation, Testingand Certification

-- EN 14683 EN 149

Purpose To be worn by patients and other persons to reduce the riskof spreading infections.

Prevent touching mouth and nose.

To protect the patient from infectiveagents and to protect the weareragainst splashes of contaminatedliquids and aerosols (surgicalprocedures).To be worn by patients and otherpersons to reduce the risk ofspreading infections.

To protect from exposure toairborne particles. In healthcareprotects from exposure tobiological aerosols includingviruses and bacterias

Level ofprotection

No

High

BMNS….Behelf-Mund-Nase-Schutz MNS……Mund-Nase-SchutzPPE…….Personal Protective Equipment FFP…….Filtering-Face-Piece


RECOMMENDED MASKS AGAINST SARS-CoV-2

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Medical Face Masks(MNS)

FFP2 / FFP3Mask without valve

FFP2 / FFP3Mask with valve

Protect the wearer

Protect thesurrounding area(environment)

Verification/testingrequirements

EN 14683 EN 149(EN 14683)

EN 149

X

X


FFP MASKS - TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE

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Protection class FFP1 FFP2 (N95*) FFP3 (N99*)Non-poisonous dust, smoke particles X X XCarcinogenic substances -- X XViruses, bacterias, fungal spores -- -- XRadioactive substances -- -- XTotal leakage (%) 22 8 2Particle filtration rate (%) ≥ 80 ≥ 94 ≥ 99

Further labelling FFPX:R ReusableNR Non-ReusableD Dolomit dust passed

*comparable american standard(United States NIOSH-42CFR84)


FFP MASKS

Protective masks such as FFP2 or FFP 3 are composedof 3 to 5 layers of nonwovens made through a range ofprocesses. Production include thermo forming as the final products are 3 dimensional for optimal fit.

Special machinery and know-how is required.

Source: www.pixabay.com

GENERAL CONSTRUCTION OF MEDICAL FACE MASKS

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Material/Fabric Comment

Outer layer Thermo or spunbond nonwoven, PP, PES or mixtures.

The outer layer is usually morestiff, colouration indicate the outerlayer, but no function.

Middle layer Meltblown or spunlacednonwoven, PP, PE, CV or mixtures.

The middle layer is fluffy with a high fibre density to obtain a goodfilter effect, the incorporation ofhydophilic fibres improves theabsorbency of droplets.

Inner layer Thermo or spunbond nonwoven,PP, PES or mixtures.

The inner layer is soft and withoutchemical treatment (finishing) toavoid skin irritation.


RECOMMENDED FUNCTIONAL FINISHING FOR MEDICAL FACE MASKS

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Target Solution

Outer layer Reduction of surface tension tominimize the adsorption ofbacteria/virus contaminated aerosolson the outer layer of the mask. Reduced infection risk.

Finish with: TUBIGUARD 30-F (lick roll, spray, pad)The product create a barrier effectwith repellent properties.

Middle layer Improvement of the hygenicproperties to reduce the infectionrisk.

Finish with: iSys AG (lick roll, spray, pad)The hygenic properties are improvedby the bacteriostatic effect of silverions. Viruzid effect see page 13.

Inner layer No skin irritation, good wearingcomfort.

No chemical treatmentrecommended.


TEST OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY ON FINISHED TEXTILES

Test fabric: 100% PES

Finish: iSys AG + selected additives*

Test method: conducted based on ISO 18184:2014-09**

Test virus: bacteriophage MS2 (non-enveloped)

Testreport: 20.8.3.0027 Hohenstein Laboratories


Test sample Particle reduction(log10pfu)

Reduction in % Efficacy

Control PES -- -- NoFinished sample 4.65 99.9978 Significant (≥3)

*For recipe details and backround information please contact AF Finishing**The test was carried out with a non-enveloped virus (bacteriophage MS2). The test results of this test apply to the tested virus used.

LABELLING OF TREATED ARTICLES FOR EU MARKET

According to EU 528/2012 the label shall provide the following information:

a statement that the treated article incorporates biocidal products

where substantiated, the biocidal property attributed to the treated article

the name of all active substances contained in the biocidal products

the name of all nanomterials contained in the biocidal products, followed by the word„nano“ in brackets

any relevant instructions for use, including any precautions to be taken because of thebiocidal products with which a treated article was treated or which is incorporates

Example for treated fabric with iSys AG:Contains the substance silver choride to prevent unpleasent odour and to improve hygenicproperties


PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR MEDICAL FACE MASKS(EN 14683)

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Evaluation/Test Typ I Typ II Typ IIR

Bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), (%) ≥ 95 ≥ 98 ≥ 98

Differential pressure (Pa/cm2) < 40 < 40 < 60

Splash resistance (kPa)ISO 22609

-- -- ≥ 16.0

Microbial cleanliness (cfu/g)(Bioburden)EN ISO 11737-1

≤ 30 ≤ 30 ≤ 30


Typ I: Recommended for patients to reduce the risk of spread of infection.Typ II: Recommended for medical experts.

TEXTILE MASKS

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Different constructions 1/2/3 layer could be found in the market.

Wide variation of fabric/fibres for each layer.

Nonwovens are only used as a middle layer to increase thefiltering capacity in case of 3 layer masks.

Chemical treatments need a certain wash durabilityas washability is the major argument for textile masks.

Limited usage in professional medical application.

The benefit of simple textile masks is controversially discussed.


RECOMMENDED FUNCTIONAL FINISHING FOR TEXTILE MASKS

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Target Solution

Outer layer Reduction of surface tension tominimize the adsorption ofbacteria/virus contaminated aerosolson the outer layer of the mask. Reduced infection risk.

Finish with: TUBIGUARD 30-F* and optional with iSys AG for 2 layermasks (lick roll, spray, pad).The products provide a barrier effectwith repellent properties as well asimproved hygenic properties.

Middle layer (optional)

Masks with 2 layer construction frequentlyoffered

Improvement of the hygenicproperties to reduce the infectionrisk.

Finish with: iSys AG (lick roll, spray, pad)The hygenic properties are improvedby the bacteriostatic effect of silverions. Viruzid effect see page 13.

Inner layer No skin irritation, good wearingcomfort

No chemical treatmentrecommended

*For PFC-free water repellent finish we recommend to use our products from the ECOPERL range.The addition of crosslinker TUBICOAT FIX H26 can improve the washing durability.


BIOLOGICAL SAFTY OF iSys AG

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No irritation potential to the skin(Cytotoxic test)

No potential of DNA damaging(Genotoxic test)

No inflammation potential of inhalated particles(Inflammatory reaction tested on marcophages)

The biological safty of finishies with iSys AG has beentested and approved according to different test methods at Hohenstein Institutes (Test report 06.8.5-0051-2):

STANDARD 100 BY OEKO-TEX FOR iSys AG

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No oral toxicity (OECD 423) No dermal toxicity (OECD 402) No skin irritation (OECD 404) No eye irritation (OECD 405) No sensitization (OECD 406) No mutagenic properties (OECD 471)

In the context of listing for Standard 100 by Oeko-TexiSys AG has be evaluated and proved for:

iSys AG is listed for using on all product classes I-IV

APPENDIX

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https://www.edana.org/how-we-take-action/covid-19/coronavirus-protective-and-medical-face-masks

https://www.edana.org/how-we-take-action/covid-19/mask-standards-available-for-free

https://www.centexbel.be/en/testing/evaluation-medical-face-masks

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/respsource1quest2.html

https://www.rki.de/DE/Home/homepage_node.html

https://www.baua.de/DE/Home/Home_node.html

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

http://www.zls-muenchen.de/dokumente/Pruefgrundsatz_Rev0_20200319.pdf

https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/can_the_new_type_of_coronavirus_be_transmitted_via_food_and_objects_-244090.html

Useful links


https://www.edana.org/how-we-take-action/covid-19/coronavirus-protective-and-medical-face-masks

https://www.edana.org/how-we-take-action/covid-19/mask-standards-available-for-free

https://www.centexbel.be/en/testing/evaluation-medical-face-masks



https://www.baua.de/DE/Home/Home_node.html

https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

http://www.zls-muenchen.de/dokumente/Pruefgrundsatz_Rev0_20200319.pdf

https://www.bfr.bund.de/en/can_the_new_type_of_coronavirus_be_transmitted_via_food_and_objects_-244090.html

STAY HEALTHY!

Disclaimer:Our technical advice and recommendations given verbally, in writing or by trials are believed to be correct. They are neither binding with regard to possible rights of third parties nor do they exempt you from your task of examining the suitability of our products for the intended use. We cannot accept any responsibility for application and processing methods which are beyond our control.

22 04/2020 Textile Auxiliary Solutions - Finishing

CHT GroupTechnical Service Finishing+49 7071 154 [email protected]

www.covid-19.cht.com

The CHT Group offers many more intelligent solutions for protective equipment.

We will be pleased to advise you comprehensively.

http://www.covid-19.cht.com/

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