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Chinese Universities’Chinese Universities’

Commercialzation and Commercialzation and IndustrializationIndustrialization

of Achievements in Scientific of Achievements in Scientific ResearchResearch

CHEN Jun

Nanjing University PRC

2004-7-19

Major ContentsMajor Contents1.1. Situation of Science & Technology Industry in Situation of Science & Technology Industry in

Chinese universitiesChinese universities

2.2. Problems in the Commercialization ProcessProblems in the Commercialization Process

3.3. Development Orientation of S&T Industry in Development Orientation of S&T Industry in Chinese universitiesChinese universities

4.4. Living Examples of University Science ParkLiving Examples of University Science Park

Situation of S&T Industry in Chinese UniversitiesSituation of S&T Industry in Chinese Universities

InIn recent years, China’s higher education has recent years, China’s higher education has

experienced experienced remarkable changes remarkable changes with its with its

rapid development in S&T Industry, which rapid development in S&T Industry, which

can be witnessed from the following aspects:can be witnessed from the following aspects:


Reinforced Strength in Chinese Reinforced Strength in Chinese Universities’ Scientific ResearchUniversities’ Scientific Research 296,000296,000 people are engaged in S&T activities in people are engaged in S&T activities in

universitiesuniversities ，， accounting for accounting for 22%22% of nationwide of nationwide S&T forcesS&T forces

Research Papers published by them accounts forResearch Papers published by them accounts for 70%70% of the total in Chinaof the total in China


464464 academicians of CAS and CAE work for academicians of CAS and CAE work for universities, one third of the total in China;universities, one third of the total in China;

103103 State Key Laboratories based on universities, State Key Laboratories based on universities, occupyingoccupying 75%75% of the total;of the total;

21.9621.96 billion research funds obtained by universities billion research funds obtained by universities in 2002, in 2002, 25%25% increase compared to 2001. increase compared to 2001.


In 2003, universities got In 2003, universities got 1616 National Award for National Award for Natural Sciences, Natural Sciences, 11 11 National Award for National Award for Technical Invention and Technical Invention and 6262 National Award for National Award for Scientific & Technological Advance, accounting Scientific & Technological Advance, accounting for for 83%, 79%83%, 79% and and 40%40% of the total respectively. of the total respectively.

The universities rapidly grow to be the main force The universities rapidly grow to be the main force of scientific research in China.of scientific research in China.


Enhanced Commercialization of Enhanced Commercialization of Universities’ Achievements in Scientific Universities’ Achievements in Scientific ResearchResearch In 2002, Chinese universities applied for In 2002, Chinese universities applied for 67786778

patents patents 22512251 patents authorizedpatents authorized 56835683 transferring contracts signedtransferring contracts signed


44 44 University Science Parks constructed, attracting University Science Parks constructed, attracting social investment of social investment of 29.7 29.7 billion yuan;billion yuan;

5500 5500 enterprises entered the Science Park,enterprises entered the Science Park, 920920 outgrown includingoutgrown including 2929 listed enterprises;listed enterprises;

100,000100,000 people hired in the Park, including people hired in the Park, including 13001300 talents returned from abroad after completing talents returned from abroad after completing overseas education;overseas education;

University Science Park has become a major stage University Science Park has become a major stage for the commercialization of universities’ for the commercialization of universities’ achievements in scientific research.achievements in scientific research.


Increased Industries in UniversitiesIncreased Industries in Universities By 2002,By 2002, 22162216 enterprises in universities enterprises in universities

established,established, Sales income reachedSales income reached 53.9 53.9 billion yuan with a billion yuan with a

total profit oftotal profit of 2.537 2.537 billion yuan. Taxes paid billion yuan. Taxes paid to the university wasto the university was 761761 million yuan.million yuan.


48 48 universities with sales income exceeding universities with sales income exceeding 100100 million yuan million yuan ，， Peking University ranks Peking University ranks the first withthe first with 14.93 14.93 billion yuan, followed by billion yuan, followed by Tsinghua University with Tsinghua University with 10.28110.281 billion yuan. billion yuan.

40 40 university-owned enterprises listed in university-owned enterprises listed in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hong Kong, receiving Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hong Kong, receiving great social concern.great social concern.

Problems in the CommercializationProblems in the Commercialization

There are still lots of problems in the There are still lots of problems in the

commercialization.commercialization.

More achievements appraised, Less patents More achievements appraised, Less patents

approved, Difficult commercializationapproved, Difficult commercialization

About About 10,00010,000 achievements appraised by achievements appraised by

government each year, only government each year, only 10-15%10-15% of them are of them are

successfully commercializedsuccessfully commercialized..


Lack of Pioneering FundsLack of Pioneering Funds It is hard for companies to raise funds for It is hard for companies to raise funds for

incubation, and have to rely on the government incubation, and have to rely on the government and the university.and the university.

Lack of Pioneering Consciousness Lack of Pioneering Consciousness Due to the influence of campus culture, Due to the influence of campus culture,

university staff usually has no spirit of university staff usually has no spirit of pioneering and taking risk, and attaches no pioneering and taking risk, and attaches no importance to the exploration, cultivation and importance to the exploration, cultivation and commercialization of scientific achievements.commercialization of scientific achievements.


Lack of talents who master both Lack of talents who master both technology and management skillstechnology and management skills Almost Almost 80%80% of university-owned enterprises are of university-owned enterprises are

controlled or exclusively invested by controlled or exclusively invested by universities. Most of managers used to be staff of universities. Most of managers used to be staff of the university, having no experience of running the university, having no experience of running an enterprise. an enterprise.

The Development Orientation of Scientific Industry The Development Orientation of Scientific Industry in Chinese Universitiesin Chinese Universities

According to related documents of the Ministry According to related documents of the Ministry

of Education, initiating scientific industry, of Education, initiating scientific industry,

commercializing high-tech accomplishments will commercializing high-tech accomplishments will

be an improtant task for universities, helping to be an improtant task for universities, helping to

realize three major functions realize three major functions

personnel-training personnel-training

scientificscientific research research

social servicesocial service


Emphasis placed on the development of the Emphasis placed on the development of the

University Science ParkUniversity Science Park ，， hoping to turn it into hoping to turn it into

an incubator for high-tech enterprises, an incubator for high-tech enterprises,

a training base for people with pioneering a training base for people with pioneering

spiritspirit

a kind of bridge connecting universities and a kind of bridge connecting universities and

society. society.


Through the University Science Park, Through the University Science Park,

commercializing of achievements in scientific commercializing of achievements in scientific

research will eventually take a “research will eventually take a “Three-StepThree-Step” ”

model: model: achievements produced in university achievements produced in university

labs;labs; technology incubated to be scientific technology incubated to be scientific

enterprises in University Science Park;enterprises in University Science Park;

enterprises get further development through enterprises get further development through

operation of capital in Economic and operation of capital in Economic and

Technological Development Zone.Technological Development Zone.

Introduction to Living Examples of University Introduction to Living Examples of University Science ParkScience Park

There are There are 4444 University Science Parks University Science Parks

approved, some run exclusively by one university approved, some run exclusively by one university

while others run jointly by several universities. while others run jointly by several universities. One-University Science Park: One-University Science Park:

Tsinghua Science Park Tsinghua Science Park Shanghai Jiaotong University Science ParkShanghai Jiaotong University Science Park

Multy-University Science Park:Multy-University Science Park: State Science Park of Universities in Yunnan State Science Park of Universities in Yunnan

ProvinceProvince


State Science Park of Nanjing University and State Science Park of Nanjing University and Colleges in Gulou DistrictColleges in Gulou District was authorized by was authorized by Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education in Education in 20012001, jointly managed by Nanjing , jointly managed by Nanjing University and local government, jointly sponsored University and local government, jointly sponsored by other by other 88 universities in the Gulou District. universities in the Gulou District.


The Sponsored Universities andThe Sponsored Universities and Colleges:Colleges:

Nanjing University of IndustryHohai University

Nanjing University of Post and Telecommunication

Chinese University of Pharmaceutics

Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Pharmaceutics

Nanjing Normal University

Nanjing University of Medical Sciences

Nanjing Engineering College


Reasons for Cooperation among 9 Reasons for Cooperation among 9 UniversitiesUniversities Historically, originated from the same university Historically, originated from the same university

(The Central University of China), in 1952, those (The Central University of China), in 1952, those universities were separated because of higher universities were separated because of higher education restructuring.education restructuring.

Geographically located in the same district, students Geographically located in the same district, students can visit each other either on foot or by bicycle.can visit each other either on foot or by bicycle.


Scientifically complementing each other, Nanjing Scientifically complementing each other, Nanjing University is strong in science and Arts; the University is strong in science and Arts; the others are strong in Engineering and Medicine.others are strong in Engineering and Medicine.

Being politically organized by the government, Being politically organized by the government, there is a special Administrative Committee to there is a special Administrative Committee to look after the Science Park with members from look after the Science Park with members from both government and universities.both government and universities.


Functions of GovernmentFunctions of Government ：： Providing buildings for incubation of Providing buildings for incubation of

universities’ scientific projects;universities’ scientific projects; Providing full-time service staff for the park in Providing full-time service staff for the park in

management;management; Providing funds for the park in operation;Providing funds for the park in operation; Applying special policies to enterprises within Applying special policies to enterprises within

the park for the deduction & exemptions of the park for the deduction & exemptions of local taxes.local taxes.


Functions of University:Functions of University: Opening resources like library and labs to the park;Opening resources like library and labs to the park; Encouraging faculty members to be a shareholder Encouraging faculty members to be a shareholder

of those enterprises by investing technology;of those enterprises by investing technology; Encourages them to set up companies in the park Encourages them to set up companies in the park

with their job retained and salary suspended;with their job retained and salary suspended; Setting up special funds for initiating facultySetting up special funds for initiating faculty

members’ technological innovationmembers’ technological innovation..


Management and Service of Science ParkManagement and Service of Science Park ““Service Center for Scientific Pioneering” Service Center for Scientific Pioneering”

established by the Science Park is to provide a established by the Science Park is to provide a comprehensive service to enterprises within the comprehensive service to enterprises within the park.park. Registration Service: providing a coordinated service like Registration Service: providing a coordinated service like

commercial and industrial registration, tax registration, commercial and industrial registration, tax registration, etcetc．．


Intermediary Service: providing a professional Intermediary Service: providing a professional service of administration, finance, law, service of administration, finance, law, investment, assessment and consultancy.investment, assessment and consultancy.

Logistics Service: providing logistics service, Logistics Service: providing logistics service, network servie and various information services.network servie and various information services.


Development:Development: By the end of 2003, By the end of 2003, 196 196 companies have companies have

entered the park; entered the park; 5505 5505 staff have been staff have been employed by them; business income has employed by them; business income has reached reached 1.31 1.31 billion; a profit of billion; a profit of 130130 million has million has been obtained. been obtained.

The Science Park successfully passed the The Science Park successfully passed the evaluation by MST and MOEevaluation by MST and MOE

Conclusion:Conclusion: University Science Park is an important and University Science Park is an important and

effective platform in promoting effective platform in promoting commercialization of universities’ achievements commercialization of universities’ achievements in scientific research;in scientific research;

Support from government is a significant element Support from government is a significant element in the park’s development;in the park’s development;

Development of universities must beDevelopment of universities must be integrated integrated with the local economy.with the local economy.

Thank You Very Much!Thank You Very Much!

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Documents

chinasituation of st

chinese universitiesproblems

st activities

yuanpeking university

tsinghua university

universityowned enterprises

difficult commercialization

national award