Courtyard planning

The courtyard wada of Maharashtra

Planed for individual units as well as for clusters Courtyards may have shapes - circular - Square - rectangular Courtyard for clusters – Chowk –serve as Gathering space Wedding celebrations Household chores Courtyard for wada used for – Informal gathering Celebrating festival

Courtyards

courtyards - Not applicable only to fortified palaces - Also to groups of rural dwellings Maratha settlements organized around - chowk - temple - fortified garhi - raj Wada

Courtyards

Garhi - fortified Rajwada – lacked fortification Wada – lacked fortification

Classification

Hutments Wada - lined the town street - open spaces were in the form of front and . . rear yards.

Habitation pattern

Rajwada - built on large plot Garhi – built on large plot

Habitation pattern

Consist of – Front yards – Used for daily chores Rear yards - It forms service areas - housed the well ( for drinking water . supply)

Courtyards of wada

The first

courtyard -IT served as • Male bastion• Venue for gatheringsi. official ii. Social

Courtyards of wada

Courtyards of wada

The second courtyard :

• A private courtyard • For celebrating festivals• Rooms arranged around

courtyard consist of- Kitchen storage room shrine Bedrooms Bathrooms

Courtyards of wada

The third courtyard :

Toilet were located in outer courtyard to allow sewage through drain

• More elaborate version the rear yards• Comprise of service areas• Equipped with – i. Cowshedsii. Horse stablesiii. Wellsiv. Houses for servantsv. Stores

THE WADA- (A Maratha house)

Wada is associated with large mansions

Variation in Wada's due to differences in - • Economic status• Culture• Lifestyle• Dissimilarities in site

THE WADA- (A Maratha house)

Plan of wada - Courtyards attached to wadas as front and rear yards

plan arrived from a open quadrangle

A pillared semi open corridor around the chowk

Rooms beyond the corridor

Typical wada

Osari (verandah) Devdi (guard room) Kacheri (office) Baithak (reception) Dalan (living room) Majghar (middle room) Deoghar (prayer room) Gotha (cowshed) Nahani (bath/toilet) Swaipak ghar (kitchen) Kothar(store) Tulsi vrindavan (shrine)

Umbartha (threshold of wada) ritually

patterned with rangolis Footprints of Lakshmi were also made

Typical wada

Central facade has an

opening Plinth of central structural

bay has steps Every structural bay on

upper floor has a long window

Windows allow people on 1st floor to participate in the courtyard below

Typical wada

Typical wada

Rooms receive indirect light through courts

This ensures interior of wada remains cool

Ground floor -

Typical wada

Otah - Serves as transition

between public realm and interior

Typical wada

Pahila chowk(first courtyard) - Passing by otah, arrives the pahila chowk The outer courtyard formed the center of all

activities Semi public male dominated spaces were

organized around the courta. Kacheri(office)b. Daphtar(record room)c. Khalbatkhana(negotiation room)d. Meeting hall

Typical wada

Pahila chowk(first courtyard)

Marriages and festivals celebrated here Interior facade of the court is ornamented Water fountains placed at the center Serves as climate moderatorI. Provides lightII. Provides ventilation

Typical wada

Atla chowk (inner court) - Situated at the rear of wada Most private space within the house Inner court surrounded by a pillared

verandah

Typical wada

Atla chowk ( inner court) - Women perform daily chores e.g.;I. NeedleworkII. Cutting vegetablesIII. Making sweets, Making pickles &

snacks etc. festivals also Performed here :I. Mangla gaurII. DiwaliIII. Kojagiri

Typical wada

Sacred aspect of court is central placement of tulsi vrindavan

Tulsi plant signified the transplantation of bride from her parents to that of husband

Atla chowk (inner court) -

Regional

classificationKokan Desh Khandesh Marathwa

daVidarbha

Joshi wada Shaniwar wada

Wada at pimplner

Patil wada Senior bhosle wada

Garhi(Jadhavrao garhi) Rajwada(satara) Wada ( menavali wada)

Examples

It stood isolated on hill top It has ramparts(defensive wall) Smaller arch with ogee arch

called dindi darwaza

Garhi- Jadhavrao garhi

The courtyards are at

different levels , taking advantage of hill profile

It has 4 courtyards Internal courtyard has

tulsi vrindavan

Garhi- Jadhavrao garhi

Is an example of palace

wadas Exposure of wada and

absence of ramparts Built on the foothills of

fort ajinkya tara Ground plus two storeyed

wada Openings in every bay Façade with series of

arches

Rajwada - satara

First internal courtyard has

a two storeyed structure on all sides

Courtyard is large Built form on the four sides

is stark and without ornamentation

Full length window openings

courtyard used as I. for ground assemblyII. school playground

Rajwada - satara

Second internal courtyard has the sopa or the pillared hall

Columns are two storeyed high

Onion shaped arches spanning columns

The rajwada today is used for the offices of municipal corporation and high school

Rajwada - satara

It falls in category of

nobleman's wada Specifically it is a

complex of ghats , wada & temple

Wada has six courtyards

Providing light & ventilation

Menavali wada wai

Two courtyards contain receptacles of tulsi plant

Courtyards are open to sky and needs drainage system

Drainage system having open joints

Enclosed rooms overlooking courtyards are well ventilated by full height windows

Courtyards are not intended for fixed functions

Adapted for various uses

Menavali wada wai

Presented by – Gayatri Kangarkar

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