Course Name: Introduction to Nuclear Physics (I) 原子核物理導論（一）

Course code : 3297

Instructor: 李秉政老師

“1In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2But the earth became waste and emptiness, and darkness was upon the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was brooding upon the surface of the waters. “ (Genesis 1:1 ~2)

Recommended Textbooks:

1. “Nuclear and Particle Physics” by W.S.C. Williams, Oxford University Press, New York

士華圖書公司 (02)27033016

2. “Introductory Nuclear Physics” by Kenneth S. Krane, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

3. “Introductory Nuclear Physics” by Samuel S.M. Wong, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York

民權書局有限公司 (02)23651662, (02)23657999

4. “Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics” by Fujia Yang, Joseph H. Hamilton The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Some Quantitative Formalities

3. The Size and Shape of Nuclei

4. The Masses of Nuclei

5. Nuclear Instability

6. Alpha Decay

7. Nuclear Collisions and Reactions

8. Nuclear Models

9. Forces and Interactions

10. Hadrons and the Quark-Parton Model

11. The Electromagnetic Interaction

12. The Weak Interaction

13. Particles: Summary and Outlook

14. Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics

Nuclear Physics ≠ Nuclear Bomb !!

Aims

•To study the general properties of nuclei•To examine the characteristics of the nuclear force•To introduce the principal models of the nucleus•To discuss the spontaneous decay of nuclei including those far from the region of stability•To study nuclear reactions, in particular fission and fusion•To introduce detectors•To discuss the practical applications of nuclear physics•To develop problem solving skills in the above areas

Why Do Nuclear Physics?

Nuclear physics is fundamental tounderstanding our lives and thephysical world around us

What is the origin of the Universe?What is the origin of nuclei - H, He, Li...Fe...U,Th?

stars, supernova, the Big Bangthe creation of chemical elementsproduction of energy in stars and on Earthnuclear astrophysics

We are all made from the products of exploding stars

→ the study of nuclear cross sections

Why Do Nuclear Physics?

Building matter and matter falling apart

building with quarks and leptons-neutrons, protons, deuterons...-Nuclei

→ how many elements, why?→ stars, neutrino mass and the cosmos

matter decays - splitting the atom...-alpha, beta, gamma-fission particles

Why Do Nuclear Physics?

Nuclear processes are used all aroundus and there are key applications in

many aspects of our lives

Nuclear fission (fusion?) for generation of powera not topic now - no CO2 emissions - but it is safe?

Radioactivity in medicine, industry and research

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (cancer), Security (e.g. mine detection), Fundamental studies such as neutrino properties (double beta decay)...

Why Do Nuclear Physics?

Medical applications

Cancer therapy using radiation

Historic use to kill cells - e.g. radiumModern use with ion beams (e.g. GSI)

Medical imaging

MRI (Nuclear magnetic imaging)Positron Emission TomographyX-ray imagingetc

Why Do Nuclear Physics?

Other applications

The environment

Carbon dating - 12C/14C ratioArgon gas datingRb/Sr dating of rocks

Biology

Archaeology (dating by isotope ratios)Use of radioactivity to trace fluids in organsForensic

Security and industry

Oil well loggingDetection of bomb materialetc