cours research problem formulation

8/12/2019 COURS Research Problem Formulation

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RESEARCH PROBLEMRESEARCH PROBLEM

FORMULATIONFORMULATIONProf. Gladys A. CruzProf. Gladys A. Cruz

College of So!al S!e"esCollege of So!al S!e"es

U. P. Bagu!oU. P. Bagu!o


2/31

O#$e%!&es'O#$e%!&es'

(.(. To a))re!a%e %*e *alle"ges faed #yTo a))re!a%e %*e *alle"ges faed #y

resear*ers +*e" for,ula%!"g aresear*ers +*e" for,ula%!"g a

resear*a#le )ro#le,resear*a#le )ro#le,-.-. To lear" %*e d!ffere"e #e%+ee" aTo lear" %*e d!ffere"e #e%+ee" a

resear*a#le )ro#le, a"d o"e %*a% !s "o%resear*a#le )ro#le, a"d o"e %*a% !s "o%

.. To a))ly %*e )r!"!)les lear"ed #yTo a))ly %*e )r!"!)les lear"ed #yfor,ula%!"g a" a%ual resear* )ro#le,for,ula%!"g a" a%ual resear* )ro#le,


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Research Design Formulation

Problem Formulation Data Gathering

Data Processing

Data Analysis

Report Writing

STAGES IN THE RESEARH

PR!ESS


4/31


5/31

Pro#le, for,ula%!o" !"&ol&esPro#le, for,ula%!o" !"&ol&es

00,o&!"g %o a"d fro, d!ffere"% le&els of,o&!"g %o a"d fro, d!ffere"% le&els of

a#s%ra%!o" a"d ge"eral!%y1a#s%ra%!o" a"d ge"eral!%y1 2Pu"* -3334 2Pu"* -3334 00a )rogress!&e s*ar)e"!"g of o"e)%s a"da )rogress!&e s*ar)e"!"g of o"e)%s a"d

a )rogress!&e "arro+!"g of so)e1a )rogress!&e "arro+!"g of so)e1 2Sell%!z2Sell%!z(5674(5674


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RESEARH AREA

RESEARH T!PI

GENERA" RESEARH

#$ESTI!NS

SPEIFI RESEARH

#$ESTI!NS

DATA !""ETI!N

#$ESTI!NS

%most abstract &

general'(

%most concrete &

speci)ic'(


7/31

T*e resear* TOPIC ,us% #e grou"ded o"T*e resear* TOPIC ,us% #e grou"ded o"

so,e already 8"o+" fa% +*!* !s used %oso,e already 8"o+" fa% +*!* !s used %o

!"%rodue %*e %o)! a"d fro, +*!* %*e!"%rodue %*e %o)! a"d fro, +*!* %*eresear* )ro#le, o,es fro,.resear* )ro#le, o,es fro,.


8/31

To)!s ,ay ar!se fro,'To)!s ,ay ar!se fro,'

(.(. A o"er" +!%* so,e so!al )ro#le,A o"er" +!%* so,e so!al )ro#le,

-.-. A" !"%eres% !" so,e ge"eral %*e,e orA" !"%eres% !" so,e ge"eral %*e,e or

)a%%er" of #e*a&!or)a%%er" of #e*a&!or

.. So,e #ody of %*eorySo,e #ody of %*eory

9.9. So,e )erso"al !"l!"a%!o" or !"%eres%So,e )erso"al !"l!"a%!o" or !"%eres%

2Sell%!z (5674 2Sell%!z (5674


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Soures %o use !" sele%!"g a %o)!'Soures %o use !" sele%!"g a %o)!'

(.(. Pr!"%ed souresPr!"%ed soures

-.-. O":go!"g resear* )ro$e%sO":go!"g resear* )ro$e%s

.. A&a!la#le da%a se%sA&a!la#le da%a se%s


10/31

IntensifyIntensifyyour 8"o+ledge ;your 8"o+ledge ;

fa,!l!ar!ze yourself a#ou% +*a% !sfa,!l!ar!ze yourself a#ou% +*a% !s8"o+" o" your %o)!8"o+" o" your %o)!

(.(. Co"sul% %*e l!#raryCo"sul% %*e l!#rary-.-. Read +r!%%e" reords


11/31

TopicTopic ResearchResearch

ProblemProblem%more general'(

%more speci)ic'(


12/31

Mo&!"g fro, %o)! %o )ro#le,Mo&!"g fro, %o)! %o )ro#le,

!"&ol&es'!"&ol&es'(.(. S)e!fy!"g %*e )ur)ose of %*e resear*'S)e!fy!"g %*e )ur)ose of %*e resear*'

a.a. E=)lora%!o"E=)lora%!o"

#.#. >esr!)%!o">esr!)%!o"

.. E=)la"a%!o"E=)la"a%!o"


13/31


!"&ol&es'!"&ol&es'(.(. Narro+!"g do+" %*e so)e of %*e %o)!Narro+!"g do+" %*e so)e of %*e %o)!

a"d !de"%!fy!"g %*e geogra)*! a"da"d !de"%!fy!"g %*e geogra)*! a"d

%e,)oral so)e of %*e )ro#le,%e,)oral so)e of %*e )ro#le,


14/31

Mo&!"g fro, %o)! %o )ro#le, !"&ol&es'Mo&!"g fro, %o)! %o )ro#le, !"&ol&es'

(.(. O)era%!o"al!z!"g %*e o"e)%s %o #e usedO)era%!o"al!z!"g %*e o"e)%s %o #e used

su* %*a% %*ey are d!re%ly o#ser&a#le'su* %*a% %*ey are d!re%ly o#ser&a#le'

Co"e)% 2? !%s d!,e"s!o"s4Co"e)% 2? !%s d!,e"s!o"s4@ar!a#les@ar!a#les

I"d!a%orsI"d!a%ors


15/31

Co"e)%s are e,#edded !" resear*Co"e)%s are e,#edded !" resear*

ues%!o"s/ #u% %*ey are %y)!ally %ooues%!o"s/ #u% %*ey are %y)!ally %oo

ge"eral a"d a#s%ra%.ge"eral a"d a#s%ra%.For,ula%e %*e )ro#le, #y s)e!fy!"g %*eFor,ula%e %*e )ro#le, #y s)e!fy!"g %*e

!"d!a%ors of %*e o"e)%s. @ar!a#les

!"d!a%ors )ro&!de %*e l!"8 #e%+ee"!"d!a%ors )ro&!de %*e l!"8 #e%+ee"o"e)%s a"d da%a.o"e)%s a"d da%a.


16/31

E=a,)le of Co"e)%ual!za%!o"E=a,)le of Co"e)%ual!za%!o"

M!lle""!u, >e&elo),e"% GoalsM!lle""!u, >e&elo),e"% GoalsA!,s %o e"d e=%re,e )o&er%y #y -3(A!,s %o e"d e=%re,e )o&er%y #y -3(

I% *as goals/ ( %arge%s ; 9 !"d!a%orsI% *as goals/ ( %arge%s ; 9 !"d!a%ors

Resear* Dues%!o"' Ho+ *as %*e P*!l!))!"esResear* Dues%!o"' Ho+ *as %*e P*!l!))!"es

)rogressed !" %er,s of a*!e&!"g %*e)rogressed !" %er,s of a*!e&!"g %*eM>GM>G


17/31


18/31

00>e&elo),e"% e=)a"ds *u,a">e&elo),e"% e=)a"ds *u,a"

freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1

T+o o"e)%s are used !" %*!s )ro)os!%!o"'T+o o"e)%s are used !" %*!s )ro)os!%!o"'

(.(. >e&elo),e"%>e&elo),e"%

-.-. Hu,a" freedo, ; a)a!%!esHu,a" freedo, ; a)a!%!es

Le% us loo8 a% o"e +ay of o"e)%ual!z!"g %*eseLe% us loo8 a% o"e +ay of o"e)%ual!z!"g %*eseo"e)%s.o"e)%s.


19/31

Hu,a" de&elo),e"%Hu,a" de&elo),e"%

Ca)a!%y %o #e a"d a)a!%y %o do %o l!&e aCa)a!%y %o #e a"d a)a!%y %o do %o l!&e a

full a"d rea%!&e l!&efull a"d rea%!&e l!&e


20/31


freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1Human *e+elopment

A long & healthy li)e ,no-le*geA *ecent stan*ar*

o) li+ing

"i)e e.pectancy

at birth

/A*ult literacy rate/Gross enrollment

ratio

GDP per capita


21/31


freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1freedo,s ; a)a!%!es.1Human )ree*om

& capacities

Political )ree*om Economic )ree*om ultural )ree*om


22/31

So,e o"e)%s !" IP resear*So,e o"e)%s !" IP resear*

I"d!ge"ousI"d!ge"ous

Cul%ural !de"%!%yCul%ural !de"%!%y

E%*"!!%yE%*"!!%y

ays of l!feays of l!fe

La"d r!g*%sLa"d r!g*%s


23/31

By %ra"sla%!"g o"e)%s !"%o &ar!a#les a"dBy %ra"sla%!"g o"e)%s !"%o &ar!a#les a"d

!"d!a%ors/ you +!ll o,e u) +!%* a )ro#le,!"d!a%ors/ you +!ll o,e u) +!%* a )ro#le,

s%a%e,e"% %*a%'s%a%e,e"% %*a%'

a.a. Po!"%s %o !de"%!f!a#le &ar!a#les a"dPo!"%s %o !de"%!f!a#le &ar!a#les a"drela%!o"s*!)s!% e=)resses or as8s a ues%!o"rela%!o"s*!)s!% e=)resses or as8s a ues%!o"a#ou% %*e rela%!o"s*!) #e%+ee" - or ,orea#ou% %*e rela%!o"s*!) #e%+ee" - or ,ore&ar!a#les&ar!a#les

>e&elo),e"%>e&elo),e"% *u,a"*u,a"

freedo, ;freedo, ;a)a!%!esa)a!%!es


24/31

Sugges%s o#ser&a%!o"s %*a% offer a"s+ers %o %*eSugges%s o#ser&a%!o"s %*a% offer a"s+ers %o %*e)ro#le,J %*e &ar!a#les s*ould #e o#ser&a#le or)ro#le,J %*e &ar!a#les s*ould #e o#ser&a#le ora% leas% )o%e"%!ally o#ser&a#le. ell:de&elo)eda% leas% )o%e"%!ally o#ser&a#le. ell:de&elo)eda"d +ell:s%a%ed ues%!o"s !"d!a%e +*a% da%a +!lla"d +ell:s%a%ed ues%!o"s !"d!a%e +*a% da%a +!ll

#e "eessary %o a"s+er !%.#e "eessary %o a"s+er !%. Clearly !de"%!f!es %*e resear*KsClearly !de"%!f!es %*e resear*Ks u"!% ofu"!% of

a"alys!sa"alys!s/ or %*e e"%!%!es a#ou% +*o, or/ or %*e e"%!%!es a#ou% +*o, or+*!* %*e resear*er ga%*ers !"for,a%!o"+*!* %*e resear*er ga%*ers !"for,a%!o"


25/31


!"&ol&es'!"&ol&es' O)%!o"al' For,ula%!"g %*e *y)o%*eses %o #eO)%!o"al' For,ula%!"g %*e *y)o%*eses %o #e

%es%ed. Hy)o%*eses are %e"%a%!&e a"s+ers %o%es%ed. Hy)o%*eses are %e"%a%!&e a"s+ers %o

resear* ues%!o"s. T*ey areresear* ues%!o"s. T*ey are expectedexpected#u%#u%unconfirmedunconfirmedrela%!o"s*!)s #e%+ee" - orrela%!o"s*!)s #e%+ee" - or

,ore &ar!a#les.,ore &ar!a#les.


26/31

Hy)o%*eses are s%a%ed !" su* a +ayHy)o%*eses are s%a%ed !" su* a +ay

%*a% %*ey are a,e"a#le %o %es%!"g.%*a% %*ey are a,e"a#le %o %es%!"g.

A&o!d "or,a%!&e s%a%e,e"%s 2e.g./ eA&o!d "or,a%!&e s%a%e,e"%s 2e.g./ e

s*ould all go %o *ur* e&ery Su"day.4 s*ould all go %o *ur* e&ery Su"day.4 Hy)o%*es!s ,us% s)eula%e o" %*eHy)o%*es!s ,us% s)eula%e o" %*e

for,


27/31

Hy)o%*eses are s%a%ed !" su* a +ayHy)o%*eses are s%a%ed !" su* a +ay

%*a% %*ey are a,e"a#le %o %es%!"g.%*a% %*ey are a,e"a#le %o %es%!"g.

Hy)o%*eses a" o"ly *a&e )ro#a#!l!s%!/ "o%Hy)o%*eses a" o"ly *a&e )ro#a#!l!s%!/ "o%

e=a%/ o"f!r,a%!o". Use )*rases l!8e 0!"e=a%/ o"f!r,a%!o". Use )*rases l!8e 0!"

ge"eral1/ 0,ore l!8ely %o1/ 0%e"ds %o1/ e%.ge"eral1/ 0,ore l!8ely %o1/ 0%e"ds %o1/ e%. A&o!d dou#le:#arreled *y)o%*eses 2e.g./ %*eA&o!d dou#le:#arreled *y)o%*eses 2e.g./ %*e

*!g*er %*e )o)ula%!o" de"s!%y !" a !%y/ %*e*!g*er %*e )o)ula%!o" de"s!%y !" a !%y/ %*e

*!g*er %*e ra%es of !ll!%eray a"d drug add!%!o"4*!g*er %*e ra%es of !ll!%eray a"d drug add!%!o"4 I% s*ould #e o"s!s%e"% +!%* ,os% 8"o+" fa%s.I% s*ould #e o"s!s%e"% +!%* ,os% 8"o+" fa%s.


28/31

To su, u)/ %*e )ro#le,To su, u)/ %*e )ro#le,

s%a%e,e"% s*ould e=)l!!%ly s%a%es%a%e,e"% s*ould e=)l!!%ly s%a%e


29/31

*a% rela%!o"s*!) #e%+ee" +*a%*a% rela%!o"s*!) #e%+ee" +*a%

&ar!a#les a#ou% +*a% u"!%s of&ar!a#les a#ou% +*a% u"!%s of

a"alys!s do I +a"% %o s%udya"alys!s do I +a"% %o s%udy


30/31

I" ,a8!"g your f!"al *o!e/I" ,a8!"g your f!"al *o!e/

o"s!der your %o)!Kso"s!der your %o)!Ks(.(. Feas!#!l!%yFeas!#!l!%y

-.-. Rele&a"eRele&a"e

.. E%*!al !ssuesE%*!al !ssues


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Refere"esRefere"es

Ba##!e/ E.Ba##!e/ E. The Practice of Social ResearchThe Practice of Social Research. (3. (3%*%*ed. -339.ed. -339. Ba8er/ T.Ba8er/ T. Doing Social Research.Doing Social Research.--"d"ded. (559.ed. (559. Ba!ley/ .Ba!ley/ . Methods of Social ResearchMethods of Social Research. 9. 9%*%*ed. (559.ed. (559. Na*,!as/ C. ; >. Na*,!as.Na*,!as/ C. ; >. Na*,!as. Research Methods in the SocialResearch Methods in the Social

SciencesSciences. . %*%*ed. (557.ed. (557. Pu"*/ .Pu"*/ . Developing Effective Research Proposals.Developing Effective Research Proposals. -333.-333. Sell%!z/ C./ L. r!g*%s,a"/ ; S. Coo8.Sell%!z/ C./ L. r!g*%s,a"/ ; S. Coo8. Research Methods inResearch Methods in

Social Relations.Social Relations.rdrded. (567.ed. (567. S!"gle%o"/ R./ B. S%ra!%s/ ; M. S%ra!%s.S!"gle%o"/ R./ B. S%ra!%s/ ; M. S%ra!%s. pproaches to Socialpproaches to Social

ResearchResearch. -. -"d"ded. (55.ed. (55.

cours research problem formulation

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