country profile: somalia

SOMALIATHE HORN OF AFRICA

PROFILE:

Full Name: Federal Republic of Somalia

President: Hassan Sheikh Mehamud (took office in 2012)

Prime Minister: Abdi Farah Shirdon

Population: 10,428,043 (July 2014 EST)

Capital and Largest City (2011 est.): Mogadishu(1.554 million)

Languages: Somali (official), Arabic, English, Italian

Source: www.cia.gov

Religion: Islam (Sunni)

Currency: Soomaali Shilin

Independence date: 1 July 1960 Climate: Tropical Hot, Dry & Semi-dry

Ethnicity/Race: Somali 85%, Bantu and others 15% (including Arabs 30000)

Major trading partners: U.A.E., Yemen, Oman, India & Pakistan (2012)

Imports: $1.263 billion (2010 est.): manufactures, petroleum products, foodstuffs, construction materials.

Exports: $515.8 Million (2012 est.): livestock, bananas, hides, fish, charcoal, scrap metal.

Source: www.cia.gov

MAP AND GEOGRAPHY:

Location: Horn of Africa, Somalia is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west.

Co-ordinates on Map: 2.0333° N, 45.3500° E

Area: 637,657 km² Population: 10,085,638 (EST. 2012) Climate: Tropical (monsoon season

July-Sep),Average Annual Rain> 28cm, Average Temperature 15o – 30o

Nature: Mountainous region on Northern area.

Source: www.cia.gov

Culture And Traditions:Customs & Traditions: The common way to greet someone is to say Salam Family is extremely important in the Somali community. The focus of

Somali culture is on the family; family is more important than the individual in all aspects of life.

Men are usually the head of the household. Women manage the finances and take care of the children.

Clothing: The traditional women’s dress is called a Hijab, The traditional clothing for a man is called a Maawis.

Food: A typical Somali day starts with a flat bread called canjero or laxoo, liver

, or cereal made of millet or cornmeal. A lunch meal is the biggest meal of the day and is made up mainly of

rice and noodles and sometimes meat. Dinner is the smallest meal and is mostly just beans, muffo or a small

salade. Somalis love spiced tea, but sheep, goat, and camel's milk is the most popular.Milk is an important food in Somalia.

Source: www.ethnomed.org

ECONOMIC INDICATORSA STATISTIC ABOUT THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The gross domestic product

in Somalia was worth 1.07 billion US dollar in 2010

The GDP value in Somalia represent less than 0.1 percent in the world economy.

GDP in Somalia averaged is 0.96 billion from 1996 until 2010 reaching all the time high of 2.60 USD billion in 2008 and a record low of 0.18 USD billion in 1960

Source: www.tradingeconomics.com

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2.39 2.48 2.62.01

1.07

5.35

11.2

10.8 8.8

12.4

11.4

8.79.8

10.3

Somalia Ethopia

GDP (Annual Growth Rate): The Gross Domestic

Product (GDP) in Somalia expanded 2.60 percent in 2014 from the previous year. GDP Annual Growth Rate in Somalia averaged 1.49 percent from 1961 until 2014, reaching an all time high of 14.88 percent in 1972 and a record low of -21 percent in 1994.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2.4

2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6

Gdp Growth Rate

Gdp Growth Rate


GDP Composition by Sector:

Somalian GDP is composed of following sectors: Agriculture 59.3% Industrial Support 7.2% Services 33.5% (in

services it include livestock items mainly e.g. Animals, Seeds, etc.)


INDUSTRIALIZATION: Although Somalia is not industrialized

nation , however there are some industries in Somalia.

1. Fish industry

2. Milk processing plant

3. Sugar refineries

4. Leather tanning factories etc.

In Somalia there is two significant challenges to industrialization can be mentioned:

1. lack of access to credit

2. lack of electricity or energy Source: www.wikipedia.com

Trade In Somalia:

Source: www.indexmundi.com EST 2012

51.70%18.10%

13.00%

U.A.EYemenOman

Export Partnership Import Partnership

36%

18%9%

9%

9%

7%7%

6%DjiboutiIndiaKenyaChinaPakistanOmanU.A.EYemen

Trade: Import & Export: Main Export Commodities: Livestock, Bananas, Hides,

Fish, Charcoal, Scrap Metal. Main Import Commodities: Manufactures, Petroleum

Products, Foodstuffs, Construction Materials

Source: www.indexmundi.com2011 2012 2013 2014

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1174.72 1064.79

1913.63

1527.35

398.62 424.95

564.049999999999

245.78

Import Export

US-

Mill

ion

GNI per capita: The latest value for GNI per capita,

Atlas method (current US$) in Somalia was 150.00 as of 1990. Over the past 28 years, the value for this indicator has fluctuated between 190.00 in 1975 and 70.00 in 1962.

GNI growth (Annual %) : As the graph below shows,

over the past 28 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 21.72 in 1975 and a minimum value of -20.83 in 1974.

Source: www.indexmundi.com

Somalia Freedom from corruption index :Somalia from 2013 to 2015. The average value for Somalia during that period was 7.67 points with a minimum of 5 points in 2014 and a maximum of 10 points in 2013.

Source: The Heritage Foundation (for photo) & Statista.com (for graph)

Most Corrupt countries worldwide 2014

Somalia Korea Sudan

AfghnistanS.Sudan

IraqTurkimenistan

UzbikistanLibya

Eritrea

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

88

1112

1516

17181818

Corruption

Tourism in Somalia is regulated by the Federal Government of Somalia's Ministry of Tourism.

The industry was traditionally noted for its numerous Historical sites, Beaches, Waterfalls, Mountain ranges and National parks.

After the start of the civil war in the early 1990s, the Tourism Ministry shut down operations.

It was later re-established in the 2000s, and once again oversees the national tourist industry.

The Mogadishu-based Somali Tourism Association (SOMTA) provides on-the-ground consulting services.

Source: www.wikipedia.com

Historical Sites: At North:

Bargal – Former castles of King Osman Mahamuud.

Damo – The likely "Market and Cape of Spices" described in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.

Dhambalin – Archaeological site in northern Somalia, with rock art in the Ethiopian-Arabian style showing early evidence of animal domestication.

At South:

Barawa – An important medieval trading city.


Beaches

Waterfalls

Al-Jazira – Mogadishu Baathela – Berbera Lido – Mogadishu

Lamadaya -Sanaag Iskushuban -Bari


Mountain Ranges:Cal Madow -Bosaso Golis Mountains - Sanaag Galgodon Highlands

Hargeisa National Park


• Piracy off the coast of Somalia:

It is an organization which form as an cause of Somalian Civil War in early, 21st century. It’s the main barrier in tourism of Somalia as this organization is blocking the mean of transportation in Somalia i.e. travelling through voyages as the Somalia’s more 50% of the it’s border is connected to Arabian and Red Sea and to the Indian Ocean also. But the not only effect the tourism of Somalia but they also rob fishes and also exploit the image of Somalia to the whole world. But it seems to be an affective decline in their illegal activities since 2013.

Barrier In Somalian Tourism & Development :

Source: www.criticalthreats.org/

• Al-Shabab (The Militant Group):

It’s an organization which preventing Somalia from developing. Al-Shabab full name is Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen form under the wings of AL-Qaeda. It is being working in Somalia and Yemen since 2006.

Seal War flag Administration flag


SOCIAL INDICATORS

Human Development Index (HDI)The Human Development Index (HDI) is a measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: 1. A long and healthy life2. Being knowledgeable 3. Have a decent standard of living.Causes of poor HDI: Poor health. Low Life Expectancy. Poor Education. High Infant Mortality. Inequality. High MPI. Unemployment

Kenya

Uganda

Djibouti

Sub-Saharan Africa

Ethiopia

Liberia

Somalia

Brundi

Congo

Zimbabwe

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

0.47

0.422

0.402

0.389

0.328

0.3

0.285

0.282

0.239

0.14

HDI of African Countries

Poverty Index: Human poverty index is an indication of the standard of living in the

country. The value of human poverty index for Somalia is 0.471.

Nomadic

Rural

Urban

Somalia

Southcentral

Puntland

Somaliland

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

HUMAN POVERTY INDEX

Poverty rate 2000-080.00%

10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00% 81.80%

60.40%

Somalia Kenya

Population below Poverty Line:

2002 2015Portion of Population Living in extreme poverty (%)

43.6 21.6

Portion of populationLiving below 2US$(PPP) Per day (%)

73.4 36.7

Poverty line defines as a minimum income level used as an official standard for determining the proportion of population living in extreme poverty.

(PPP):Purchasing Power Parity


Expenditure on Education:

Country 1972 1973

Somalia 1.2 1.3

Kenya 4.48 4.65

Malaysia 4.09 4.18

Country 1990 2001

Somalia 24 37.8

Cambodia 35 67.9

Literacy Rate (% of GDP):

Source: CIA World Fact book (Table 1) World Development Indicators(WDI) (Table 2)

Birth Rate: The value of birth rate , crude

(per,1000 people) in Somalia was 43.77 as of 2013. As the graph below shows, over the past 53 years, this indicator reached a maximum value of 49.77 in 1996 and a minimum value of 43.77 in 2013.

Death Rate: For that indicator, The

average value for Somalia during that period was 19.26 deaths per 1000 people in 2013 and a maximum of 26.75 deaths per 1000 people in 1960.


Population Growth (annual %)

The annual population growth rate for is 3%. The projected population for the year 2016 is 10 864 733. The fertility rate of Somalia is 6.26 children per women.

Sources: world development indicators

URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION: The current population of Somalia was 10.8 million.

Its highest value of Urban Population, over the past 54 years was 39.10 in 2014, while its lowest value was 17.31 in 1960.

Its highest value of Rural Population over the past 54 years was 82.69 in 1960, while its lowest value was 60.90 in 2014.


1995 2000 2005 2010 20130.00%

10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%90.00%

100.00%

31.43% 33.25% 35.16% 37.26% 38.61%

68.58% 66.75% 64.84% 62.74% 61.39%

Rrual Uraban

Life Expectancy:Female:The value for life expectancy at birth, Female (years) in Somalia was 56.68 as of 2013.As the graph shows , over the past 53 years this indicators reached a maximum value of 56.68 in 2013 and a minimum value of 38.53 in 1960.

Male:The value for life expectancy at birth, male (years) in Somalia was 53.45 as of 2013. As the graph shows , over the past 53 years this indicators reached a maximum value of 53.45 in 2013 and a minimum value of 35.48 in 1960.


Healthcare In Somalia:


Healthcare in Somalia is largely in the private sector. It is regulated by the Ministry of Health of the Federal government of Somalia. In March 2013, the central authorities launched the Health Sector Strategic Plans (HSSPs), A new national health system that aims to provide universal basic healthcare to all citizens by 2016.

Homicide rate “Intentional homicide” is defined as unlawful death purposefully

inflicted on a person by another person. Homicide rate in Somalia is 5.6 (Rate per 100,000 population)

in 2012.

2004 2008 20120123456789

SomaliaPakistanIndia

Source: UNODC International Homicide Statistics, 2015

Mortality Rate Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year. Mortality rate of Somalia is 8.5 (2015).

Source: World bank

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 20150

20

40

60

80

100

120

Somalia Pakistan India

Malnutrition:

Even if a person is getting enough food to eat sometimes those foods are not the right foods, which leads to malnutrition.

Malnutrition can make daily life difficult for people living in developing countries child’s learning abilities become lower and physical work becomes extremely tiring and impossible to perform.

According to UNICEF there are 200,000 malnourished children in Somalia. Malnutrition causes generalized Edema which is the abnormal swelling and buildup of fluid in the

body’s tissue, mainly in younger children. Accordingly, acute malnutrition cause Somalian children to suffer from diarrhea, anemia, malaria,

dehydration, high fever and vomiting In fact, 50,000 cases of severe acute malnutrition in Somalia are at risk of death.


Role of United Nations:• UNICEF supports stabilization centers in Somalia which help malnourished

men, women and children gain access to resources that are not normally available to the community.

• The stabilization centers admit severely malnourished children under the age of five.

• Once the child is healthy he or she can be discharged from the stabilization centers.

• Immediately after the child returns home the care at the outpatient therapeutic centers begins.

• These are located close to the child’s home and continue to provide services to the child and the family.

• Only children well enough are discharged from the stabilization centers.

• The therapeutic centers’ services include a basic nutrition package which promotes treatment and the prevention of disease and illness.

• The packages contain micro-nutrient support, along with maternal nutrition information.

• Moreover, the centers encourage the proper use of handling and cooking food as well as, managing child illness and immunizations.

• The children are also given a peanut-based paste to help maintain proper nourishment along with vitamin A and deworming.

• Mothers in Somalia do not have access to basic human necessities tabletsSource: www.wikipedia.com

• UNICEF aims to end this issue by the end of 2014. In fact, UNICEF’s goal is to give over 90,000 vulnerable people the basic foods and non-food needs.

• The mothers will attend health and nutrient workshops provided by the therapeutic center to help promote a healthier lifestyle throughout their communities.

• In fact, UNICEF’s goal is to give over 90,000 vulnerable people the basic foods and non-food needs.

• The mothers will attend health and nutrient workshops provided by the therapeutic center to help promote a healthier lifestyle throughout their communities.

• Furthermore, giving information on subjects like proper hygiene standards and washing hands regularly will help reduce the spreading of disease and illness.

• Currently, UNICEF hope to administer 1,900,000 children under the age of five with the polio vaccine.

• as well as 300,000 children under the age of one with the measles vaccine.

• These vaccines will lead to more longevity for the people of Somalia.

• Once these methods are instilled in the lives of Somalian women and children the communities will continue to promote and prevent these issues from reoccurring.


Civil War: On going war. Grew out of resistance to the Siad Barre Regime during

1980s. Somalia air force began engaging various arm rebel

groups. To over throw the Barre government in 1991. Various armed faction began competing for influence in

the power vacuum. Arrival of UNITAF and UNOSOM. Fight still going on. Transition national government established in 2000. Ethiopian troops established ISLAMIC COURT UNION. Kenyan troops established buffer zone. Finally Federal government was established in august

2012. First permanent Central Government since start civil war. Fragile state. Operation Indian ocean started by the government.


Genocide:

The Extermination: On May 27, 1988 Siad Barre gave instructions to exterminate all members of the Isaaq

tribe.

Military forces under the command of Mohammed Said Hersi began aerial and artillery bombardment of the three cities in which the Isaaq lived: Hargeisa, Berbera and Burro.

Many bodies were buried in mass graves. The city of Hargeisa, which held some 350,000 inhabitants before the attack, was completely abandoned. The whole area was laid waste – animal herds were confiscated, agriculture destroyed, and mines laid everywhere.

More than half a million Isaaq fled to Ethiopia; some half a million more lost their homes and became internally displaced persons in the northern region.


After the Slaughter: After the three main cities of northern Somalia were destroyed and abandoned, they

were resettled by members of the Ogden tribe and other tribes close to the government.

300,000 Isaaq remained in refugee camps in Ethiopia and thousands more fled Africa entirely.

In 1990 there has been no stable government in Somalia; hundreds of thousands of Isaaq returned to northern Somalia and declared the independence of Somaliland, a piece of land about one-third of the size of Somalia.

Somaliland functions as a distinct state with democratic elections, its own currency and governing institutions located in the capital city of Hargeisa, but it has not gained official recognition by any country.


Let’s Watch a Video…..

The United State And Genocide Of ISAAQ In 1998 the US Department of Defense made an official statement

regard in the Somali government's policy towards the Isaaq tribe.

It explains the balance of forces in the Somali civil war, presents the reasons for war between the Ogaden and Isaaq tribes, and reports on the artillery attacks and aerial bombings of the cities

It reports that only in 7 months, 5,000 Isaaq people were killed. In the statement, the concept of genocide is never mentioned apart from the opening question and it explicitly spells out that Somalis, including those of the Isaaq tribe, are not eligible for refugee status.


UN Peace Operations

Background: The ouster of president Siad Barre in January 1991.

In November, the most intense fighting since January broke out in Mogadishu between two factions namely Somali national alliance (SNA) & breakaway faction of united Somali congress (USC).

Almost 4.5 million peoples in Somalia (over half of estimated Somali population) were threatened to severe mal-nutrition and malnutrition-related diseases.

Furthermore, it was estimated that perhaps 300,000 people were died since November 1991 and at least 1.5 Million lives were on immediate risk.

The political chaos, deteriorating security conditions, massive physical destruction causing a dire need for emergency humanitarian assistance.

Source: www.un.org

UNOSOM I (April 1992 – March 1993)

Source: www.un.org

UNOSOM II (March 1993 – April 1995)

Development Plans

4. Establish independent and accountable justice institutions

capable of addressing the justice needs of the people of Somalia by delivering justice

for all.

2. Revitalize and expand the Somali economy with a focus on livelihood enhancement, employment generation, and

broad-based inclusive growth.

3. Achieve a stable and peaceful federal

Somalia through inclusive political

processes.

1. Establish unified, capable, accountable and

rights based Somali federal security institutions providing basic safety and

security for its citizens

Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals (PSGs):

5. Increase the delivery of equitable, affordable, and sustainable services that promote national

peace and reconciliation among Somalia’s regions and citizens and enhance transparent and

accountable revenue generation and equitable distribution and sharing of public resources.

Source: www.somalia-newdeal-conference.eu

Lets Watch another Video……

THANK YOU! Made and presented by:

1) Maliha Amanat (DS-031)2) Maheen Arif (DS-020)3) Zainab Arif (DS-040)4) Ramsha Naz5) Mehmoodah Mehmood (DS-6) Mashood Tariq (DS-034)7) Muhammed Asim (DS-035)