country presentation: education in indonesia
TRANSCRIPT
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Education in Indonesia
ECS-51806 | Education and DevelopmentWageningen University and Research - November 2016
Hijjaz SutriadiLeah SitunayakeYared Stifanos
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General Overview
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Country Profile
Republic of Indonesia
255 millions
87% 10%
GDP 16th
GDP-PPP 8th
20% of govt’expenditure
HDI 0.684110th medium
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Education in Indonesia: HISTORY
Hindu-Buddhist civilization (7th century)
karsyan
Islamic era (13th century)
pesantren
Colonial era(17th – mid 20th century)
school gakkō
Japanese occupation (1942 - 1945)
sekolah/madrasah
Post-independence (1945 - present)
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Education System in IndonesiaDoctorate (S3)
Magister (S2)
Bachelor (S1)
Secondary school (SMA)
Diploma (D4/D3/D2/D1)
Vocational school (SMK)
Junior secondary school (SMP)
Primary school (SD)
Islamic university (UIN)
Islamic secondary (MA)
Islamic junior secondary (MTs)
Islamic primary (MI)
public and/or private public and/or private
religion-affiliatedschool
4years
2years
1-4years
3years
3years
6years
18-22 years old
15-18 years old
12-15 years old
6-12 years old
attendance age
(incl. Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism)
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Education in Indonesia: FIGURES
50 millions
300,000
3 millions
4thbiggest
students
teachers
schools
96.9% 95.2%
Data: ASEAN 2013
67% 67.5%
21.8% 24.4%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
primary secondary tertiary
female male
enrolment rate
Data: World Bank 2010
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Framework Analysis
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Framework Analysis
C.J.H.M. van Dam
economy
social
politics
technology
education
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Politics and Economy of Indonesia
1945 – 1960s
young and inexperienced government
political instability
low literacy rate
poverty and hunger
new order1960s – 1990s
inflation GDP grew
high economy growthauthoritarian government
literacy increased
corrupt govt
reformasi
1998 - present
post-independence
stable economy growthdemocratic system
income inequality
freedom of speech
1997
Asianfinancial
crisis
post-reformasi
GDP grows
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Economy on Education
20%
governmentexpenditure
educationothers
13.6%
43.6%
42.8%
agriculture
services
industry
GDP
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Education on Economy
2015
14.2 million
7.1 million
services
industry
manufacture4.4 million
2millionlabor
forces/year
Job Creation
enter the market
Quality (?)
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Education on Economy
rural urban
lowwage
lowliteracy
competitivejobs
betteroffer
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Politics on Education
84%
16%
Ministry of National Education
Ministry of Religious Affairs
Higher access
Improved quality
Better governanceSchool operation funds
Power + influence --> changing curriculum
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Education on Politics
19981974
Student-led demonstration
Call for freedom of expression
Call for social and economic justice
Call for democratic leadership
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Social on Education
Social status
position
age
Teacher-centered learning approach
social values and norms
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Education on Social
compulsory teaching(primary – secondary)
religious norms and values embedded in society
Opportunity Threat
value of diversity potential riot
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Technology on Education
Indonesia Integrated Online Course
Quality AccessiblityCHALLENGE !
Ministry of National Education
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Education on Technology
Technical Vocational Education and Training
(TVET)
Demand-driven
Practice-oriented programs
USD 54,000per vocational
school
shipping
electronics
manufacture
agriculture
fisheries
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Open Discussion
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Problem Statement
Religion education prevents proper development (?)
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agree with the statement Disagree with the statement
Subjective thinking
Not factual for critical thinking
Indoctrination
Norms and values
Personal development
Social tool