country brief: chile. chile: basic stats population16.9 million gnp/capita 8,350 usd poverty rate...
DESCRIPTION
CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE
![Page 2: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CHILE: BASIC STATS
• Population 16.9 million• GNP/capita 8,350 USD• Poverty rate 13.7 %
![Page 4: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• The Liberal Era (1880s-1920s)• Import-Substitution Industrialization
(1930s-1970s)• The Socialist Alternative (1950s-1980s)• Neoliberalism (1980s-present)
– The “new Left”– ALBA
![Page 5: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CHILE: OVERVIEW• Natural Resource: Minerals
– Nitrates– Copper– Sparse migration
• Export-Import Growth– Pacific Coast connections– Copper as key– Political democracy (of sorts)
• Democracy and Military Rule– Party politics (1940s-70s)– Socialism via democracy? Salvador Allende (1970-73)– The Pinochet regime (1973-1989)
• Neoliberal Politics and Policy– Democracy (1990-present)– Economic uncertainty + reliance on exports (again)
![Page 6: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
KEY QUESTIONS
• 1. Why such a brutal (and durable) dictatorship under Pinochet?
• 2. Why such a vibrant democracy now?
![Page 7: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
MILITARY RULE• Perception of threat:
– Tradition of labor mobilization– Links to political parties
• Left = socialist, communist• Center = Christian Democracy• Right = National Party (PN)
– Cold War mentality, doctrines of “national security”
– Support from the United States
![Page 9: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• The Dictatorial Solution– Military as bulwark of patriotism– Weakness of conservative institutions– Need to purge subversive elements– Reconstruction of society (and economy)– Pinochet in command– Constitution of 1980
• The Stunning Plebiscite (1988)– Victory of “No” (55-43 percent)– Bargaining and guarantees– Protections for the “right”
![Page 10: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DEMOCRACY RESTORED• Human rights:
– “Truth and Reconciliation” commission– 1998 arrest of Pinochet
• Economics:– A “gift of the dictator”– Consensus on free-market policies
• Politics:– Restoration of “golden age”– Formation of Concertación (center-left)
![Page 11: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
INSTITUTIONAL FEATURES• Executive
– MRO– Four-year terms (renewable after one interim term)
• Legislative– Bicameral structure (Chamber of Deputies = 120 members,
Senate = 38)– Voting rules to help the right (“binomial system”)– Located in Valparaíso– Weak resources, but increasing authority
• Judiciary– 20 justices on Supreme Court, tenure for life– Court creates list of 5, President selects one, two-thirds Senate
confirms
![Page 12: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
QUALITIES OF CHILEAN DEMOCRACY
• One of only three countries to receive perfect scores from Freedom House (along with Costa Rica and Uruguay)
• Top ranking on corruption from Transparency International (#22 in world)
• Top ranking on rule of law according to World Bank (+1.25, range +- 2.50)
![Page 13: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
DEMOCRATIC PRESIDENTSCenter-Left alliance: Concertación• Patricio Aylwin (1990-94)• Eduardo Frei (1994-2000)• Ricardo Lagos (2000-06)• Michelle Bachelet (2006-10)
Right: • Sebastián Piñera (2010- )
![Page 14: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
THE WASHINGTON CONSENSUS
• Reducing the role of the state:– Less regulation– Less public ownership
• Liberalizing trade:– Reducing tariffs and quotas = less protection– Seeking commercial partners
• Promoting private enterprise:– Privatization– Foreign investment
![Page 17: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
POLICIES IN CHILE• Trade liberalization
– Unilateral +– FTAs– Diversification of destinations
• Privatization• Stability (low inflation)• Foreign investment• Poverty and inequality
![Page 18: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
EXPORTS
• Products: copper, fruits and nuts, fish and seafood, wood (and wine)
• Partners (2009):– China 16.5 %– USA 11.3– Japan 9.1– South Korea 6.5– Brazil 4.6– Mexico 4.1
![Page 19: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
INEQUALITY
• Mexico .461• Argentina .513• Chile .549• Brazil .570
• USA .408
![Page 20: COUNTRY BRIEF: CHILE. CHILE: BASIC STATS Population16.9 million GNP/capita 8,350 USD Poverty rate 13.7 %](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022070605/5a4d1ad87f8b9ab059973c71/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Thus is born a “poster child”…