countries of africa - cameroon student activity book & teacher lesson plans

8/14/2019 Countries of Africa - Cameroon Student Activity Book & Teacher Lesson Plans

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Countries of AfricaStudents Notes & Lesson Plans

Cameroon

St Aidens HomeschoolSouth Africa

www.staidenshomeschool.com 2007


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Cameroon

Cameroon is a country in Africa that is where the French Cameroon

and part of the British Cameroon used to be in 1961. The countryhas not had much fighting compared to some African countries.There has been lots of work done to improving farms, roads andrailways. The petroleum industry makes a lot of money for thecountry.

Map of Cameroon


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Surface Area:Cameroon is 475,440 square km in size.

Population:There are about 16,000,000 people living inCameroon.

Located in:Cameroon is located in Western Africa.

Capital City:The capital city of Cameroon is Yaounde.

Head of State:Paul BIYA is the President of Cameroon.

Prime Minister:Peter Mafany MUSONGE is the Prime Minister of

Cameroon.

Independent since:Cameroon has been independent since 1 January1960.

Currency:The Franc is the currency used in Cameroon.

Flag (image): Coat of Arms:


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Location in Africa

Cameroon's coast stretches over close to 400km from Riodel Rey on the western border with Nigeria to Campo nearthe border with Gabon and Equatorial Guinea and isinhabited by such peoples as the Dualas, Bakweris, Bakokosand Batangas all of whom belong to the coastal SawaCulture.

The history and traditions of the Sawa people are portrayedthrough masks, photographs and works of art found in themuseums and art galleries in Douala, Buea or Limbe.


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Once every year during the dry season, Douala plays hostto the Ngondo festival, a great rendezvous of the Sawapeople with their history and traditions. Find out about theNgondo Festival, when it is held and what it is about. Why is

it held in Douala?

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The Republic of Cameroon is a hub of central and westernAfrica. It borders Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast;the Central African Republic to the east; and EquatorialGuinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the

south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny, partof the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. The country iscalled "Africa in miniature". Natural features includebeaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. Thehighest point is Mount Cameroon in the southwest, and thelargest cities are Douala, Yaound, and Garoua.

Label Douala, Yaound, Garoua & Mount Cameroon on thismap.


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Cameroon is divided into 10 provinces or districts.


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Arts & Crafts

Traditional arts and crafts can be found for religious andtraditional purposes. Woodcarvings and sculptures are

especially common. The high-quality clay of the westernhighlands is perfect for pottery and ceramics. Other craftsinclude basket weaving, beadworking, brass and bronzeworking, calabash carving and painting, embroidery, andleather working.

Try and find out what other crafts are made by the people ofCameroon. Are they made to sell to tourists? Are they

made to use? Are they made for traditional purposes?

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Masks are very important in the culture of the people ofCameroon and carry different messages.

Bamoun dance mask, adorned with

lizards and spiders, representing Tikari

wisdom and kindness, 1900

Animal hide covered wooden mask,

utilized for worship ceremonies, Essimbi,

North-West

Wooden dance mask, symbolizing joy

and happiness, topped by three

characters, 1948 Nord-West


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Go on a webquest and find out about other traditional masks and theirmeanings. Try and get pictures to paste into the blocks provided.

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Statues can be found in Cameroon depicting importantpeople.

Conventionalized wooden statue

representing divinity

Oku royal statue, symbolising generosity,

1918, Oku, Nso, North-West

Fineto, statue of the grandfather of Fon

of Babungo, 1970, North-West


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Go on a webquest and find out about other traditional statues andtheir importance. Try and get pictures to paste into the blocksprovided.

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The volcano is 4040 metres high. The mountain is part of thearea of volcanic activity known as the Cameroon VolcanicLine, which also includes Lake Nyos, the site of the 1986 Lake

Nyos tragedy. The most recent eruptions occurred on March28, 1999 and May 28, 2000.

Mount Cameroon is one of Africa's largest volcanoes, risingto 4,040 metres (13,255 ft) above the coast of westCameroon. It rises from the coast through tropical rainforestto a bare summit which is cold, windy, and occasionallybrushed with snow.

Mount Cameroon is an activevolcano in Cameroon near the Gulfof Guinea. Mount Cameroon is alsoknown as Cameroon Mountain or

Fako (the name of the higher of itstwo peaks) or by its native nameMongo ma Ndemi ("Mountain ofGreatness").

English explorer MaryKingsley, one of the firstEuropeans to scale themountain, recounts herexpedition in her 1897memoirTravels in West Africa.


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The Cameroon line is a rift zone along the border region ofeastern Nigeria and western Cameroon, from MountCameroon on the Gulf of Guinea north and east towards

Lake Chad. It is characterized by a chain of mountain rangesand volcanoes known as the Cameroon Range orCameroon Highlands. It was formed around 80 million yearsago. . Nine of the volcanoes along the line are active, withthe last eruption in 2000 at Mount Cameroon. Othermountains in the chain include the Bamboutos Mountains,Mount Etinde, and Mount Manengouba.


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The people of Cameroon

Languages spoken :

English, French: Official languages;240 other local languages, corresponding to 240 tribes.

The Baka Nation:

The Baka, also known as Bebayaka, Bebayaga, Bibaya, orBabinga, are an ethnic group living in the southeastern rain

forests of Cameroon, northern Congo (Brazzaville), northernGabon, and southwestern Central African Republic. They aresometimes mistakenly called a subgroup of the Twa, but thetwo peoples are not closely related. The name "Baka" issometimes mistakenly applied to other area peoples who,like the Baka and Twa, have been historically called pygmies(the term is no longer considered respectful).

The Baka of the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan

are notrelated.


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The Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people whowere the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakesregion of central Africa. Current populations are found in thenations of Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, and the eastern

portion of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In 2000, theynumbered approximately 80,000 people, making themsignificant minority groups in these countries.

There are also a number of southern "Twa" populations inAngola, Namibia, Zambia, and Botswana living in swampsand deserts far from the forest.


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Women with traditionalpottery.

Traditional dance of the Batwa

Use the internet or other resources to find out about Mutwa. Who was

Mutwa?

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The Sao Civilisation

The Sao orSo were an African civilisation that flourished fromca. the 6th century to as late as the 15th century. The Saolived by the Chari River south of Lake Chad in territory thatwould later be part of Cameroon and Chad. They are theearliest people to have left clear traces of their presence inthe territory of modern Cameroon. Little is known about theSao's history, society, or culture. They may have originated inthe Nile valley, the Bilma oasis, or near Lake Chad. Sometime

around the 10th century, invading peoples conquered orabsorbed the Sao. Today, several ethnic groups of northernCameroon and southern Chad claim descent from thecivilisation.

The Wodaabe (or Bororo) are a subgroup of the Fulani(sometimes Fula, Fulbe, or Peul) ethnic group. The Wodaabeare traditionally nomadic cattle-herders and traders, withmigrations stretching from southern Niger, through northern

Nigeria, northeastern Cameroon, and the western region ofthe Central African Republic. They are known for theirbeauty (both men and women), elaborate attire and richcultural ceremonies.

Name some other tribes of people that live in and aroundCameroon.

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Cameroon Cuisine & Crops

In the Centre and South provinces, tuber crops and plantainsare grown and consumed.

Plantain is considered as the staple food of the populations.The leaves of various plants also form part of daily meals. Thegreat variety of leaves are either cultivated or grow quitenaturally and tended around huts. Others undomesticatedspecies are gathered from the wild.

Maize is the cereal that is most cherished by the indigenes,while rice consumption is low.

The different tribes of the Centre and South are of the larger"Bti" family comprising the Ewondos, Fangs, Bulus Yebekolos,

Ntoumous, Ngoues, etc. We also have the Bassas, Bafias,Yambassas, Sanangas, Ngoumous, Batangas.


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Each of these tribes has one or more culinary specialtieswhich are characteristic to them. For the Bulus: poundedplantains "Ntouba ekon" eaten with eggplant soup "Mendimme Zong" ; for the Bafias : corn fufu called "kepen" ; for the

Bassas, palm oil with cocoyams ; for the Ngoumbas, wildmango soup "Mbuli-doa" ; for the Batangas, cassava inbaton form called "Miondo" or fufu with fish.

In addition to these specificities, the Centre and South regionis particularly characterized by certain dishes.

Kwem : young cassava leaves with the juice from palm nuts,Nnam ngon : Marrow paste cooked tied in plantain leaves ;

Nnam owondo : Peanut paste cooked tied in plantain leavesof the Centre ; Sanga fon : "Zom" leaves with maize; Ebobolo: cassava baton, Ndomba tsit : meat cooked tied in plantainleaves.

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Wildlife is particularly rich with 409 different mammalianspecies, 143 reptile species, 849 bird species and 190amphibian species. In 1997, protected areas covered aland area of 4,551,990 hectares, with 7 nature reserves, 27hunting grounds, 1 sanctuary and 3 zoological gardens.Cameroon has 7 national parks, with Waza being the mostfamous and more extensively developed. These parks arerich in animal species representative of the wildlife that isfound in Africa. It has elephants, buffaloes, antelopes,hippopotamuses, gorillas etc. Hunting is forbidden in thesenational parks.

Name some of the mammal species found in Cameroon:

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Name some of the National Parks in Cameroon

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Discuss some of the different amphibian species found inCameroon:

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Fact: Temperate rainforests used to exist onalmost every continent in the world, but todayonly 50 percent 75 million acres of these

forests remain worldwide.

Facts about the Rainforest as Part of our GlobalEnvironment and Well-being:

Fact: Rainforests act as the world's thermostat byregulating temperatures and weather patterns.

Fact: One-fifth of the worlds fresh water is foundin the Amazon Basin.

Fact: Rainforests are critical in maintaining theEarth's limited supply of drinking and fresh water.

Facts about the Abundant Life and Important

Resources that Rainforests Share with Us:

Fact: A typical four square mile patch ofrainforest contains as many as 1,500 floweringplants, 750 species of trees, 400 species of birdsand 150 species of butterflies.

Fact: Rainforests provide many importantproducts for people: timber, coffee, cocoa andmany medicinal products, including those usedin the treatment of cancer.

Fact: Seventy percent of the plants identified bythe U.S. National Cancer Institute as useful in thetreatment of cancer are found only in rainforests.


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Fact: More than 2,000 tropical forest plants havebeen identified by scientists as having anti-cancer properties.

Fact: Less than one percent of the tropicalrainforest species have been analyzed for theirmedicinal value.

Facts about the Threats to Rainforests, IndigenousPeople and Species:

Fact: Rainforests are threatened byunsustainable agricultural, ranching, mining andlogging practices.

Fact: Before 1500 A.D., there wereapproximately 6 million indigenous people livingin the Brazilian Amazon. But as the forestsdisappeared, so too did the people. In the early

1900s, there were less than 250,000 indigenouspeople living in the Amazon.

Fact: Originally, 6 million square miles of tropicalrainforest existed worldwide. But as a result ofdeforestation, only 2.6 million square miles

remain.

Fact: At the current rate of tropical forest loss, 5-10 percent of tropical rainforest species will belost per decade.

Fact: Nearly 90 percent of the 1.2 billion peopleliving in extreme poverty worldwide depend onforests for their livelihoods.


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Fact: Fifty-seven percent of the worlds forests,including most tropical forests, are located indeveloping countries.

Fact: Every second, a slice of rainforest the sizeof a football field is mowed down. That's 86,400football fields of rainforest per day, or over 31million football fields of rainforest each year.

Fact: More than 56,000 square miles of naturalforest are lost each year.

Want to Test Your Rainforest Knowledge?

Now that you've learned all about the rainforest, seeif you can answer the questions in our rainforest quiz.


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Rainforest Quiz: Test Your Knowledge!

Test your knowledge of the worlds rainforests with ourrainforest quiz! Can you answer all of the following questions

and get a perfect score? Good luck!

1. Rainforests cover what percentage of the Earths total surface?Less than one percent

a. 2 percentb. 10 percentc. 45 percent

2. Rainforests provide which of the following products?

a. Chewing gumb. Medicinesc. Coffeed. All of the above

3. Rainforests are only found in warm regions close to the equator.

a. Trueb. False

4. What is a major threat to rainforest ecosystems?

a. Illegal loggingb. Volcanoesc. Very large populations of vampire batsd. Desertification


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5. The largest temperate rainforests left on Earth can be foundalong the western coast of South America.

a. Trueb. False

6. Rainforests can be found in the U.S.

a. Trueb. False

7. What percentage of the Earths plant and animal species live inrainforests?

a. 10 percentb. 25 percentc. 50 percentd. 75 percent

8. More than 2,000 tropical forest plants have been identified byscientists as having anti-cancer properties.

a. Trueb. False

9. How many major types of rainforests are there?

a. 5 typesb. 4 typesc. More than 30 typesd. 2 types


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10. Rainforests play a significant role in maintaining which of thefollowing?

a. Weather patternsb. The Earth's limited supply of drinking and fresh waterc. more species of plants and animals than any otherecosystem on Earth

d. All of the above

Rainforest Quiz Scoring Guide

0-2 correct: Tropical novice 3-5 correct: Temperate apprentice freshen up on your rainforest

facts

6-8 correct: Tropical trooper Very good!. 9-10 correct: Rainforest Ranger you're a real rainforest pro!Source of quiz: http://www.nature.org/rainforests/explore/facts.html


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Where is the West/Central African rain forest situated in Africa? Whatcan we expect to find in the rain forest?

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ANIMALS OF THE RAINFOREST

The rainforest is home to more than half of the world's animals.Colourful and unusual animals dwell in all four layers of the forest.

All types of creatures are represented, from tiny insects to largemammals.


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Macaws have sharp, hooked bills which are perfect for

eating nuts, fruits, and seeds. The beak is strong and is used

to break open nut pods. Their feet have a very strong grip

which allow them to grasp easily. Two of their toes point

forward and two point backward. They can use their foot tograsp food and bring it to their mouth. Macaws are very

social and intelligent animals. They can be found in Central

and South America in the canopy and emergent layers of

the rainforest. They like to nest in holes in trees. Macaws are

on the endangered species list because their numbers are

declining due to rainforest destruction and people capturing

them for pets.

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Macaws are the largest of all parrots.

There are 16 different species of macawsand they range in size from a little overthree feet to one foot. They havebeautiful, graceful, tails that are as longor longer than their bodies. They alsohave long, pointed wings that enablethem to fly swiftly.


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Spider monkeys spend most of their time high up in the

canopy where they can find fruits and seeds to eat. They

also eat plants. They are unusual monkeys in that they have

only four fingers and no thumb. Spider monkeys are heavily

hunted and are in danger of becoming extinct.

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Spider monkeys are large in size. Adultmonkeys grow to be almost two feettall excluding the tail. They have apowerful tail that they use as an extra

limb. Spider monkeys like to hangupside-down with all four limbs andthe tail holding on to branches whichmakes them look like a spider and thustheir name. They also have the abilityto swing from branch to branch at ahigh speed. Their fur colour can beblack, brown, golden, red, or tan.


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There are about 40 different kinds oftoucans. They vary in size from about 7

inches to a little over two feet. Theyhave short and thick necks. Toucansare distinguished by large, colourful,yet lightweight bills. The colour of thebill may be black, blue, brown, green,red, white, yellow or a combination ofcolours. The bright colours on his billhelp to attract a mate. Toucans alsohave a narrow, feather-like tongue.

They can be noisy birds with their callssounding harsh and raspy.

A toucan's bill is sharp and has saw-like edges. The bill is usedto squash the many kinds of fruit and berries he eats. He mayalso use the saw-like edges to tear off parts of larger fruits.

Also included in their diet are small birds and lizards. Toucansmake their homes in holes in trees. They usually live in pairs orsmall flocks. White, glossy eggs are laid once a year andwhen they hatch, the new chick Toucans have no downcovering them. They are found in South and CentralAmerica in the canopy layer of the rainforest. When theysleep, they turn their heads around and tuck their bills undertheir wings and tail. The toucan is very important to the

rainforest because they help to disperse seeds from the fruitsand berries they eat.


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Gorillas

Gorillas live in the rainforests in Africa. They are found mainlyin coastal West Africa, Congo and Cameroon but also inZaire, Rwanda and Uganda.

Gorillas mainly eat fruit, leaves, stems and other plant matter.They sometimes eat meat, insects and eggs.They live in social groups, which are led by a dominant male.The male in charge is called the silverback due to the greyfur on his back. The group includes several females and

young.

There are three sub-species of gorilla:

The mountain gorilla

The western lowland gorilla

The eastern lowland gorilla


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Youngsters tumble, climb, and run playing follow the leader. Anothergroup plays a rowdy game of king of the mountain. Several adultswatch the action, relaxing nearby. Is this a playground scene atschool? No, guess again. Its a lush mountain forest high in the Virungamountains of Africa, and the playmates are young mountain gorillas

under the watchful eyes of their mothers.

For a long time the image most people had of a gorilla encounterincluded chest pounding, roaring, charging, and big, bared teeth. Butresearchers studying gorillas reveal a very different picture of mountaingorillas. The animals are peaceful, gentle, social, and mainlyvegetarian creatures. The occasional ferocious-looking, impressivedisplays are generally from a male gorilla protecting his family groupfrom a threat.

A typical group is led by the biggest and strongest mature malegorillaoften the guy doing any chest pounding or charging. Hescalled a silverback because the hair on a males back turns from blackto silvery grey as he matures. This happens when he is between 11 and13 years old. A silverbacks group normally includes a sub-adult male ortwo and a few females and their young.

Mountain gorillas wander around a home range of up to 15 squaremiles (39 square kilometres). They spend much of their time eating. Theirfood includes a variety of plants, along with a few insects and worms.

At night the animals make a nest to sleep in. Many lightweight gorillasnest in trees, making beds of bent branches. The heavier individualsmay nest in grasses on the ground. Babies snuggle with their mothers forthe night.

Life for mountain gorillas isnt all peaceful. They are endangered,threatened by civil war in a small area of Africa where they live.Hunters kill them for food or trophies. Their forests are chopped downfor farmland, fuel, and housing. But many dedicated scientists, parkrangers, and other concerned people are working hard to protect

mountain gorillas, their forests, and their way of life in the mountains.

Text by Catherine D. Hughes

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FUN FACTS

Mountain gorillas are endangered. Less than 650 remain inthe wild.

Female mountain gorillas leave the group they were born into join a new gorilla group when theyre about eight yearsold.

The life span of a mountain gorilla is, in the wild, about 40years; in captivity, up to 50 years.

Mountain gorillas are mainly vegetarian, eating leaves,

shoots, fruit, bulbs, bark, vines, and nettles.

A female mountain gorilla gives birth to her first baby atabout ten years of age. She has one baby at a time, everythree to four years.

After leaving the group they were born into, males usuallylive alone until theyre 15 or older, when they can winfemales and begin a group of their own.

Humans and gorillas are 98% genetically identical.

Male silverback gorillas can weigh 50-100 pounds more - andare about 10 times stronger - than the biggest Americanfootball players.

When the group is attacked by humans, leopards, or othergorillas, the silverback will protect them even at the cost ofhis own life.


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Plants

Rainforests are home to an enormous variety of plants.

They grow well because it is hot and wet, just like a greenhouse.Some of the tallest trees in the world, up to 45 metres, grow intropical rainforests.

Temperatures are the same all year round so the forests

always have leaves, flowers and fruit. This means that there is

a constant supply of food for a wide variety of animals. Many

animals are specially adapted to only get their food from

one

kind of plant eg hummingbirds. In turn some plants depend

on particular animals to carry their pollen or to spread theirseeds.


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People

People live in tropical rainforests, often in groups calledtribes. There are many different tribes that live in therainforests of the world.

Some places where rainforest tribes live are shown below on

the map.

The Congo Basin, which runs through six Central African countries,contains the second largest contiguous rainforest in the world after thatof the Amazon. Cameroons forests contain some of the Congo Basinsmost biologically diverse and most threatened forests.


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Baka pygmies Indigenouspeople of the African Rainforest


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Yaounde


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This mini-unit study/lesson plan is the property of D E Davisand/or www.staidenshomeschool.com and may not bealtered or amended in any manner. Please feel free to use

this document in your classrooms, at home or you mayupload it to your own website in its entirety*. This documentmay be freely distributed* but may not be sold for profit byany person/s or organisations. Thank you for respectingInternational Copyright Laws.

*this document may be freely distributed and utilised withoutalteration, amendment or addition i.e. in this original format.

D E Davis,St Aidens HomeschoolRepublic of South AfricaDate of Publication: 03 September 2007

countries of africa - cameroon student activity book & teacher lesson plans

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