NOUNS

Nouns are classified into...

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

SINGULAR

PLURAL ONE FORM (sing.)

carpencilmanchildpersonmouse

carspencilsmenchildrenpeoplemice

ricesugarpeaceglass*chocolate*paper*

a/an + singular countable nouns (car/apple/shoe...)

- I need a new car.- Do you want an apple?

some + plural countable nouns (cars/apples/shoes...)

- I need some new shoes.- Do you want some apples?

some + uncountable nouns (water/money/music...)

- I need some money.- Do you want some cheese?

Some nouns are sometimes countable or uncountable:

a cake

some cakes

some cakeor

a piece of cake

BREAD I’ll buy some bread (or a loaf of bread). (NOT a bread)

WEATHER It’s nice weather today. (NOT It’s a nice weather)

INFORMATION I need some information about hotels in London.

ADVICE Can you give me some advice?

CHOCOLATE Some chocolate = “xocolata”. / A chocolate =

“bombó”

FURNITURE They have some very nice furniture in their house.

PAPER Can you give me some paper? (or a piece of paper).

NEWS I’ve got some news about Helen. (NOT “a new about

Helen)

QUANTIFIERS (1)

TOO + adjective

not + adjective + ENOUGH

“massa”

“no prou”

These shoes are too small.

This phone is too expensive.

This computer is too slow.

These shoes are not big enough.

This phone is not cheap enough.

This computer is not fast enough.

QUANTIFIERS (2)

TOO MUCH + sing. noun

They have too much time.

They have too many things.

TOO MANY + plural. noun

QUANTIFIERS (3)

SOME / ANY / MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF

COUNTABLE UNCOUNTABLE

+SOME / A LOT OF

She has some friends. a lot of

SOME / A LOT OF

She has some money. a lot of

-ANY / MANY

She doesn't have any friends. many

ANY / MUCH

She doesn't have any money. much

?ANY / MANY

Does she have any friends? many

ANY / MUCH

Does she have any money? much