cotton key trends & insect pest management - … key trends & insect pest management icac...

Cotton Key Trends & Insect Pest Management

ICAC Mumbai 9/12/15 , Srinath Bala

Agenda/

Content

Indian Cotton: Trends & Key Challenges

Key challenges for Insect Pest Management

Bayer Strategy towards the future

Integrated Pest Management

Key Conclusions & Next Steps

Technology Advancement of Cotton in

India: Historical perspective

Insect Pest Management in Cotton • Dec 2015

99 kg/ha

134 kg/ha

169 kg/ha

127 kg/ha

267 kg/ha

278 kg/ha

517 kg/ha • 1952-1962 Arboreum to Hirsutams

• 1962-72 Hirsutam quality improvement

• 1972-82 Hybrid adoption

• 1982-92 Pyrethroid Protection

• 1992-2002 Technology fatigue (bollworm resistance to pyrethroids,

sucking pest epidemic

• 2002-2014 Bt cotton era, hybrid expansion, introduction of CNIs

Usage of crop protection chemical is

rising after 13 years of Bt Cottton


Average no. of times agro-chemicals

applied

Average quantity (Kgs./lts.) of agro-

chemicals used per hectare

Average amount (Rs.'000s) spent per

hectare on agro-chemicals

8.0

6.5

7.3

5.7

5.3

4.0

5.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

20

13

-20

14

20

09

-20

10

20

04

-20

05

20

02

-20

03

20

00

-20

01

19

98

-19

99

19

96

-19

97

4.0

2.2

3.3

4.3

6.0

6.6

9.4

0

2

4

6

8

10

20

13

-20

14

20

09

-20

10

20

04

-20

05

20

02

-20

03

20

00

-20

01

19

98

-19

99

19

96

-19

97

2.2

1.71.6

1.4

2.1

1.7

2.9

0

1

2

3

4

20

13

-20

14

20

09

-20

10

20

04

-20

05

20

02

-20

03

20

00

-20

01

19

98

-19

99

19

96

-19

97

Insect Pest Evolution in cotton after Bt

Cotton era: New Challenges at hand

1. Increasing sucking pressure: The donor Bt-cotton parent is from

an exotic variety coker-312, which is highly susceptible to WF,

Jassid & Thrips

2. Return of Boll worm due bt resistance issues: In 2009 PBW

developed to resistance Boll Gaurd I (Cry1Ac) and in 2015 PBW

has developed resistance to Boll Guard II (Cry 1 Ac + Cry 2 Ab in

parts of Gujarat). In 2015 Gujarat lost 7-8% of the Crop. BG II has

limited effects on Spodoptera & often migrates on cotton can

cause significant damage

3. Emergence of Minor pests (Myrid buds/ Mealy Bugs):

Reduced insecticide use on Bt-cotton may have resulted in the

survival and multiplication of the minor pests mealy bugs and the

mirid bug, which damages squares and flowers mostly


Challenging environment for Pest

Management


Regulatory pressure leading

to (1) ban or use restrictions

and (2) Increasing hurdles

and development costs for

pipeline compounds which

need to be considered in R&D

targets

Increasing License-To-

Operate challenges

addressed by NGO’s need to

be considered on a case-by-

case basis

Market impact of generics

compensated by innovation for

the time being. Pressure will

increase beyond 2020.

Technological environment

Increase in overall market value

through innovation and

intensification

Resistance Management

requiring new MoA incl. traits,

robust integrated programs

and/or mixtures

Increasing penetration of biotech

traits in arable crops Americas

Growing usage of Biologics in

combinations or sequences

with small molecules esp. in

Fruits & Vegetables

Crop Efficiency offers new

opportunities

Regulatory environment

and IP situation Customer needs &

expectations

Attractive Return on Investment

Crop-Safety

High efficacy against target pest,

secondary pests

Convenience (multicrop-use esp.

in Fruits & Vegetables, dose-rate,

miscibility)

Contribute to high quality

produce in line with legal and

food chain requirements

Gaining importance of output-

driven benefits beyond pest

control (in particular yield)

Safeguarding Crop yields is vital Industry is always looking for ways to be more

sustainable – we’re not evil!


Actual losses

due to pests, weeds

& diseases

30 %

58 %

100 %

Actual yield with

crop protection

Yield without

crop protection

Attainable yield

without pests

Prevented

losses

Major crops analyzed: rice, wheat, barley,

corn, potatoes, soybeans, cotton and coffee

28 %

42 %

I (pests)

F (diseases)

H (weeds)

I (pests)

F (diseases)

H (weeds) Today

Without crop protection nearly half of the current harvest would be lost

Further opportunities will open with productivity increase in agriculture

Integrated Approach is the best way to

manage pests & enhance Productivity


• Crop rotation

• Mixed/inter-

cropping

• Refuge planting

• Traits

• Small molecules

• Biologics

• Pheromones

• Beneficial safe

insecticide usage

• Predator shelters

• Beneficial rearing

Resistance Management Challenges

Drivers for resistance development


• Continued and frequent use of a single pesticide/mode of action

• Low application rates below label recommendation

• Poor application quality

• Heavy reliance on three protein families – for Lepidoptera control Cry1, Cry2 and Vip3

• Protein families closely related, inducing high probability of cross-resistance

• Chances of economic damage in other crops with common pest, once resistance develops

• Discovery and registration of new modes of action difficult for the entire industry

• Industry pipeline for Small Molecules and traits shows not many new Modes of Action in

next five years

• Available chemical solutions are banned or restricted for some pests in some geographies,

which increases the selection pressure on the available Modes of Action

• Growing demand for food and feed induces farmers to switch to intensified agricultural

practices, leading to growing pest population dynamics and pest shifts

• Increased non-diverse insecticide usage leading to faster resistance development

• Natural enemies of pests under pressure in intensified agriculture environments due to lack of

food sources and shelter

• Use of old chemistry detrimental to natural enemies

Challenging

discovery and

development

of new MoAs

Farmer not following

Good Agricultural

Practices

Few options

in traits/MoAs

No chemical MoA

for some pests

Prolonged,

uninterrupted

crop availability

Lack of natural

enemies

Sustainable Agriculture is an integral

part of Bayer ‘s Strategy


Sustainable Agriculture is the only way to overcome the challenges ahead of us!

There is a broad consensus among industry, regulators and civil society:

Sustainability

Environmental

protection

Social

responsibility

Economic

responsibility

• Integrated pest management to reduce the environmental foot-print

• Improved farmland productivity, conserve wildlife habitats, and increase biodiversity

• Protecting & enhancing viable ecosystems

• Improving efficiency & productivity of farming

• Reducing pre- and post-harvest losses

• Optimizing natural resource utilization, e.g. water/energy

• Providing consumers with diverse, affordable, high quality produce all year round

• Improving farmers’ quality of life and livelihood, which benefits communities

• Improving public health & hygiene, thus people’s quality of life and living

standards

Focus on Resistance Management in

traits


1. High dose + refuge + pyramids of toxins

1. multiple, highly effective, independent MOAs

2. Effective implementation of IRM plan

1. Industry consensus on plan

2. Transparency and process audits

3. Diversify control tactics

1. Traits + SmMol + Biologics + Biologicals

4. Best Management Practices

1. BCS Integrated Management Recommendations

2. Teaching how to grow refuges effectively

Bt

Cotton

INTERNATIONAL

http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/dna-genes-1405932776.jpg

Focus on Integrated Pest Management

in Cotton


1.Increase in awareness

2.Follow the Labels

3.Know the production

mode of action

4.Rotate chemistries by

mode of action

INTERNATIONAL

Cotton Integrated Portfolio in India Comprising of innovative solutions


Whip Super

C Super/Admire

2.1 Regent SC

SeedGrowth

Mixed weeds

Aphids/Jassids

Thrips Whitefly

Antracnose/Alternaria Grey Mildew

Plant Growth Regulators Defoliant

150-180 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-80 80-110 130-150 110-130

Confidor

Antracol

Planofix

Stance

Oberon

Movento Energy

Larvin

Solomon 2.2 Sivanto prime

Dropp Ultra

Surpass

1 0 2 3 4 5

Nativo

Existing products

New Product Launches

MCP

Gaucho

MCS

Agronomic services

Key Conclusions & Next Steps

Looking into the future in a sustainable way


• India is the largest Cotton Country in the world but productivity is static from

last 5 years

• Introduction of Bt cotton led to reduction of usage of crop protection

chemicals and improved productivity tremendously

• After introduction of Bt-cotton new challenges in pest management has

emerged

• Technology pipeline is limited & we need to preserve what we have

• Need for adopting integrated approach for enhancing the productivity

• To avoid abuse of crop protection chemicals strong focus on Insect

resistance management is required both in traits & small molecules

• Bayer being one of the leading technology developer is fully committed

towards sustainable crop production

Thank you!

cotton key trends & insect pest management - … key trends & insect pest management icac...

Documents