cospas-sarsat system overviewsystem overview · cospas-sarsat polar-orbitingsatellitesorbiting...

GulfSatellite Aided Search and Rescue SeminarAbu Dhabi, UAE

6 – 8 March 2011

COSPAS-SARSAT System OverviewSystem Overview

Cheryl Bertoia

6-8 March 2011 Gulf Satellite Aided SAR Seminar 1

Cospas-Sarsat SecretariatMontreal, Canada

Source: CNES – D. Ducros

CospasCospas--Sarsat HistorySarsat HistoryAircraft ELTs: C/S HeritageAircraft ELTs: C/S Heritage

• 121.5/243 MHz Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) installed first on military aircraft then on civilian lightmilitary aircraft, then on civilian light aircraft in USA/Canada (from 1970)

• No identification of aircraft/beaconNo identification of aircraft/beacon

• Designed for audio detection by over-flying aircraftflying aircraft

• No means of accurately locating ELTs

Chance of survival in the event of a distress decreases significantly with time

2

Cost of rescue increases significantly with increasing search area

6-8 March 2011 Gulf Satellite Aided SAR Seminar

CospasCospas--Sarsat HistorySarsat HistoryInternational CooperationInternational Cooperation

1978: Canada France and• 1978: Canada, France and the USA agree to co-operate on the developmentoperate on the development of the SARSAT low-altitude polar orbiting satellite system to:– Locate existing 121.5 MHz

bbeacons

– Develop new 406 MHz technology for improvedtechnology for improved performance

• Russia declares its interest in co-operating with the bj ti f i i t bilit f th i COSPAS t


objective of ensuring inter-operability of their COSPAS system with SARSAT

CospasCospas--SarsatSarsatWh t’ i ?Wh t’ i ?What’s in a name?What’s in a name?

COSPAS = Kосмическая Система Поиска Аварийных СудовCOSPAS = Kосмическая Система Поиска Аварийных СудовSARSAT = Search And Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking


CospasCospas--Sarsat HistorySarsat HistoryThe First SatellitesThe First Satellites

• 1982: First Cospas satellite– Cospas-1 (USSR) launched in June 1982.– First rescue in September 1982

• 1983: Second Cospas and First Sarsat satellites – Cospas-2 (USSR), 24 March

O ( S ) C– NOAA-8 satellite (USA) with Canadianand French SAR instruments, 28 March

1985 S t d l d ti l• 1985: System declared operational– New MOU between four Parties


International OrganizationInternational Organization• Initially developed under interagency

International OrganizationInternational Organization

Memorandum of Understanding signed in 1979 (USSR, USA, Canada, France)

• System declared operational in 1985

• 406 MHz beacons accepted by IMO p yfor GMDSS in 1988

• International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement (ICSPA)Programme Agreement (ICSPA) signed on July 1, 1988 among the governments of Canada, France, the f U S S R d th U it d St tformer U.S.S.R and the United States

• ICSPA ensures continuity of the space system and availability to all


p y yStates on a non-discriminatory basis

International CospasInternational Cospas--Sarsat Sarsat ProgrammeProgrammeProgrammeProgramme

C/S provides distress alert and location information to Rescue Coordination C t (RCC ) f i ti itiCentres (RCCs) for aviation, maritime and land users in distress

Services are provided world-wide and free of charge for the user in distress

Alerts are provided using satellite systems to relay and process thesystems to relay and process the transmissions of distress radio-beacons operating on 121.5 or 406 MHz


p g

CospasCospas--Sarsat Sarsat Participating Countries in 2011Participating Countries in 2011

AlgeriaA ti

NetherlandsNew ZealandArgentina

AustraliaBrazil

CanadaChil

New ZealandNigeria NorwayPakistan

PeruChileChina (P.R.)

CyprusDenmark

PeruPolandRussia

Saudi ArabiaSerbiaFinland

FranceGermanyGreece

SerbiaSingapore

South AfricaSpain

S d

4 Founders: Canada France Russia and the USA

Hong KongIndia

IndonesiaItaly

SwedenSwitzerland

ThailandTunisia4 Founders: Canada, France, Russia and the USA

26 Ground Segment Providers11 User States2 O i ti

ITDCJapan

Korea (R. of)Madagascar

TurkeyUAEUK

USA


2 Organisationsg

Vietnam

CospasCospas--Sarsat ProgrammeSarsat ProgrammeP ti i tiP ti i tiParticipationParticipation


CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat Programme FundingProgramme Funding

No exchange of funds: Participants must fund their own contribution to the System Satellites and payloads (Space Segment

Providers)) Ground Stations, i.e. LEO / GEOLUTs

(Ground Segment Providers) Meeting attendance beacon register etc Meeting attendance, beacon register, etc.

(all Participants)

Common Costs: Administrative costs of the Programme, include Secretariat, meetings, etc. C/S Parties contribute Can$ 190,000

annually Other Participants contribute

Can$ 42,000 annually Annual contribution as decided from time

10

Annual contribution as decided from time to time by Council (3 year notice for any change)


Principles of ParticipationPrinciples of ParticipationPrinciples of ParticipationPrinciples of ParticipationAll States, including States not formally

i t d ith C S t h ldassociated with Cospas-Sarsat should:

– Designate a SAR Point of Contact (SPOC) to receive alerts ( )from Cospas-Sarsat MCC

– Decide on 406 MHz beacon coding national beacon approvalcoding, national beacon approval requirements

– Ensure that 406 MHz beacons authorised for use have received a Cospas-Sarsat type-approval certificate

– Establish a 406 MHz beacon register as required by ICAO and IMO or opt to use the international


IMO or opt to use the international registry

Benefits of MembershipBenefits of MembershipBenefits of MembershipBenefits of Membership

• Association with the Programme allows States to• Association with the Programme allows States to contribute to the System and participate in the p pmanagement of Cospas-Sarsat

• Goals include supporting the SAR objectives of ICAO and IMO – C/S maintains a close partnership with these U.N. agencies and the ITU


Benefits of Association:Benefits of Association:P ti i t iP ti i t i P M tP M tParticipate in Participate in Programme ManagementProgramme Management

• Council Formally: Canada, France, Russia,

USA (C/S Parties) Open Council: all “C/S Participants”

invited to attendinvited to attend Meets twice a year: April Closed

Council, October Open and Closed CouncilCouncil

• Joint Committee All C/S Participants + Observers

(I t ti l O i ti )(International Organisations) Meets once a year in June Includes: Technical WG and Operations

WGWG

• Ad-hoc Task Groups and Experts Groups (per Council decision)

13

C/S Participants or invited experts to address specific issues


CospasCospas--Sarsat OrganizationSarsat OrganizationCospas-Sarsat

CospasCospas Sarsat OrganizationSarsat Organization

P

Cospas Sarsat Council

Programme Management Cospas-Sarsat

Secretariat

Joint Committee

Administrative Body

System Operation

Committee

p

O ti T h i l


Operations Working Group

Technical Working Group

Svalbard, NorwaySvalbard, Norway27 M h 200827 M h 200827 March 200827 March 2008


CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat2009 2009 -- Alert LocationsAlert Locations

SAR Events: 478Rescued: 1,596


,

CospasCospas--Sarsat Overview Sarsat Overview Performance MeasurePerformance Measure

SAR events where C/S assisted compared to events where C/S id d th l l t (1990 2009)


C/S provided the only alert (1990-2009)

Elements of the C/S SystemElements of the C/S SystemElements of the C/S SystemElements of the C/S System

• UserB• Beacon

• Space Segment– LEOSAR– GEOSAR

G S• Ground Segment– Local User Terminal

Mi i C l– Mission Control Center


Alerts relayed to RCCs

November 6, 2007November 6, 2007November 6, 2007November 6, 2007


Current Space SegmentCurrent Space Segmentp gp g

6 LEO

5 GEO(3 spares)


LEOLUTS and GEOLUTSLEOLUTS and GEOLUTSLEOLUTS and GEOLUTSLEOLUTS and GEOLUTS

57 LEOLUTs track the Cospas-Sarsat polar-orbiting satellitesorbiting satellites

20 GEOLUTs track the geostationary satellites

30 Mission Control Centres distributeCentres distribute Cospas-Sarsat alert data to worldwide

h d


search and rescue services

CospasCospas--Sarsat Tomorrow: Sarsat Tomorrow: MEOSARMEOSARMEOSARMEOSAR

Russia (Glonass), USA (GPS) and ESA/EC (Galileo) investigating inclusion of 406 MHz repeater instruments on future medium Earth altitude orbiting (MEO) satellite constellations

– Constellations will be fully compatible– Coordinating with C/S on

specifications and compatibilityOperational alerts could be available in– Operational alerts could be available in the 2015 time frame


Why MEOSAR ?Why MEOSAR ?

LEOSARLEOSAR::

• Can detect low powered beacons• Wait time (minutes to hours dependent on location and terrain)• SARP on-board processing: structure of beaconLEOSARLEOSAR:: message, coding methods are fixed • Polar coverage

GEOSARGEOSAR::• Limited coverage beyond 70ºN and 70ºS• Fixed geometry : satellite to beacon (blockage)• No Doppler location

CurrentCurrent

• Near-real-time detection

• Limited options for possible evolution of 406 MHz beaconi l d h lSystem:System: signal and technology

• No central / coordinated management of operations, thereforeSystem evolution to meet new requirements is slow


WhyWhy MEOSARMEOSAR ??Why Why MEOSARMEOSAR ??

• Improve speed and reliability of detecting and locating• Improve speed and reliability of detecting and locating 406 MHz distress alerts (near-real-time):• Can locate beacons on single burst : First Burst Detection and Location

C ti d t ti d l ti• Continuous detection and location• Independent location accuracy improves in time

• Moving beacons can be tracked:g• on life raft adrift at sea• on aircraft in emergency in flight (before a crash)

• No Doppler mirror image location generated

• Additional features e.g. Return Link Service, cancellation of false alerts

• Possibly improve beacon performance and affordability• Possibly improve beacon performance and affordability

• High level of satellite redundancy and availability


MEOSARMEOSAR System ConceptSystem ConceptMEOSARMEOSAR System ConceptSystem Concept•GPS-III

•GLONASS-K

•1544.9 MHz•RHCP

•1544.9 MHz•RHCP

•GALILEO

•1544.1 MHz•LHCP

•406 MHz

•Galileo•GMS / ULS

Distress Beacon

•GMS•: Ground Mission Segment

•ULS•: Up-Link Station(s)

•GMS / ULS

•Rescue•Return Link •Service Provider

•MEOLUT / MCC

25

ULS : Up Link Station(s)

•RCC

MCC


Tentative MEOSAR Time LineTentative MEOSAR Time LineTentative MEOSAR Time LineTentative MEOSAR Time Line2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

MEOSpace Segment

N B S tBeacon BeaconBeacon Requirements&

MEOGround Segment

New Beacon Segment

D&E Planning D&E

Beacon Specification

Beacon Development

Beacon Requirements & Design Studies

G. S. Spec. Develop.Development of Ground Segment Specifications and Data Distribution

ProceduresG. S. Commissioning

Pre‐IOC use ofMEOdata parallel toFOC

Pre‐IOCPre‐IOC use of MEOdata, parallel to LEO‐GEO data distribution and

limited to available coverage areasIOC

Operational use of MEOdata in available coverage area using:commissionedSpace andGroundSegment Equipment and

26

‐ commissioned Space and Ground Segment Equipment, and‐ integrated LEO/GEO/MEOdata distribution procedure


C/S Assisted SavesC/S Assisted SavesC/S Assisted SavesC/S Assisted Saves

2009 SAR events by type

Since September 1982, Cospas-Sarsat data helped rescue moreSarsat data helped rescue more than 29,000 persons in more than 8,000 SAR events.


Some System Statistics:Some System Statistics:Beacon Population TrendBeacon Population Trend


UKMCC: 19 Dec 2003UKMCC: 19 Dec 2003UKMCC: 19 Dec 2003UKMCC: 19 Dec 2003“It is an incredible

Antarctica

-40° C

It is an incredible system and no-one does it better… If the people who came forpeople who came for us did not have the proper co-ordinates they would never havethey would never have found us.”

6-8 March 2011 Gulf Satellite Aided SAR Seminar 29- Jennifer Murray

CospasCospas--SarsatSarsat helps save helps save lives…lives…

on average five lives per dayon average five lives per day… on average five lives per day… on average five lives per day

in at least one SAR incident per day!in at least one SAR incident per day!in at least one SAR incident per day!in at least one SAR incident per day!


For More Info…For More Info…International CospasInternational Cospas--Sarsat ProgrammeSarsat ProgrammeInternational CospasInternational Cospas--Sarsat ProgrammeSarsat Programme700 de la 700 de la GauchetièreGauchetière Ouest Suite 2450Ouest Suite 2450Montréal, Québec H3B 5M2Montréal, Québec H3B 5M2 CANADACANADA

Phone: +1 514 954 6658Phone: +1 514 954 6658F 1 514 954 6750F 1 514 954 6750Fax: +1 514 954 6750 Fax: +1 514 954 6750 Email: mail@cospasEmail: [email protected]

Visit Our Website! www cospasVisit Our Website! www cospas sarsat orgsarsat org


Visit Our Website! www.cospasVisit Our Website! www.cospas--sarsat.orgsarsat.org

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