COSMETOLOGY:

THE HISTORY AND

OPPORTUNITIES

What is a Cosmetologist?

In your group, list all of the qualities and skills that you believe are required of a cosmetologist.

Advise giver

Professional expert in practical skills areas

Artistic

Designer

Creator

Trustworthy

DID YOUR GROUP GUESS…

Businessperson

Self-promoter

Poised and well groomed

Effective communicator

Being current with trends and technologies

Good listener

In your group, list on flip chart paper all of the occupations you believe are included in the Cosmetology profession.

For some, you will need to think “outside of the box”

Add:

I am responsible for my own education

Cosmetology includes:

* hairstyling

* nail technology

* esthetics

Curly-hairstyles.blogspot.com

Caofb.com/esthetics

Coolnaolsart.com/bubbles

Cosmetology:

Greek word: kosmetikos

Means: skilled in the use of cosmetics

Barber:

Latin word: barba

Means: the beard or the hair of the beard.

Review

3. Explain the origin of the word cosmetology . (Include detail)

1. What services can a cosmetologist perform?

2. List four qualities a cosmetologist should have.

Archeological studies:

Reveal that haircutting and hairstyling were practiced as early as the glacial age

Implements Used:

1. Sharpened flints

2. Oyster shells

3. Bone

4. Animal sinew

5. Strips of hide

                                  

Color matter made from:

Berries Bark of trees

Minerals Insects

Nuts Herbs

Leaves And other materials

Danielmeissler.com

Takegreatpictures.com

Ancient Egyptians:

•The first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion

***Barbers serviced the nobility and the priesthood over 6,000 years ago

Charismaallover.wordpress.com

Sheniquemag.blogspot.com

• first to use:

* cosmetics as part of their personal beautification habits

* in religious ceremonies

* preparing the deceased for burial

3000 B.C.

* minerals, insects, and berries to create makeup

* henna to stain the hair and nails

* first to use

essential oils

Mnsu.edu

Womensnet.com/about hair history

Americanaromatherapy.com

• created kohl makeup

*mixture of ground galena (a black mineral)

* sulfur

* animal fat

Makeupweb.guide.com

* used to heavily line the eyes

* alleviate eye inflammations

* protect the eyes from the glare of the sun

•In ancient Egypt and Rome, military commanders stained their nails and lips in matching colors

before important battles

Chinese

•1600 B.C. aristocrats

* rubbed tinted mixtures onto their nails

* turned crimson or ebony

•1100 B.C.

* gold and silver were royal colors

* commoners caught wearing a royal nail color faced a punishment of death

***Egyptian and Roman women temporarily waved their hair by applying a mixture of soil and water (mud) to the hair and wrapping it around crudely made wooden rollers to bake in the sun

***In Africa, hair was groomed with intricately carved combs and adorned with beads, clay and colored bands

FYI:

**Prior to 3000 B.C. nail care is recorded in Egypt and China

• color of a persons nails was a sign of rank:

*high social rank: red-orange henna

*kings and queens: deep red

*people of lower rank: pale colors

• in China, nails were painted red or black

The Greeks (500 B.C.)

• hairstyling-highly developed art

• used perfumes and cosmetics in religious rites, in grooming, and for medicinal purposes

• developed excellent method

of dressing the hair and

caring for the skin and nails

Karenswhimsy.com

mangatutorials.com

Stcatherinesprimary.co.uk

Karenswhimsy.com

• used white lead on faces, kohl on eyes and vermillion on cheeks and lips

• vermillion

•bright red pigment by grinding

cinnabar

~ a mineral that is the chief source of mercury

•The fine powder was mixed with ointment or dusted on the skin in the same way as cosmetics are applied today

Margretshort.typepad.com

Romans (296 B.C.)

• hairstyling services introduced; women used hair color to indicate class in society as follows:

- noblewomen: red hair

- middle-class women: blonde

- poor women: black

• facials of milk, bread and fine wine were popular

• mixture of chalk and lead used for facial cosmetic

Julius Caesar 101-44 BC

• had his face tweezed everyday

• this started a trend among the men of that time

www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/descent/p...

Explore-italian-culture.com

Roman-colosseum.info

Crystallyn.vox.vom

Digonsite.com

Eternallycool.net

Middle ages

• included towering headdresses, intricate hairstyles, and cosmetics

• around 1000 A.D. an alchemist refined the process of steam distillation which is still used to create essentials oils today

***Vocabulary word:

Alchemy-pre-scientific chemistry, usually with fluids, juices and the elixir of longevity.

Usiweb.usi.edu

Edarlein.deviantart.com

Herstoria.com

Renaissance

• transition from medieval to modern history

• shaved eyebrows and hairline-thought to give the women a look of greater

intelligence

• highly colored cosmetics were

discouraged.

Wholesale.garison.com

Press.princeton.edu

Abeautyglorious.blogspot.com

2.ivcc.rdu

Barbering and Medicine

The Barber Pole-symbol of the barber-surgeon, has its roots from the bloodletting procedure that was once thought to strengthen the immune system

1. Pole = the staff; patients held a staff tightly in order for the veins in the arm to stand out.

2. Bottom = basin; basin was the vessel that caught the blood.

Hillsdalebarnantiques.com

Azbarberboard.us

3. White bandages stop blood; the bandages used to stop the bleeding were hung on the staff to dry.

The stained bandages would twist around the pole forming the red/white candy-cane pattern.

Another interpretation is that the red represented the blood, blue the veins, and

white the bandages.

Barbers still use the symbol today.

Victorian Age

FYI: many changes in hair care

Add: Marcel Grateau invented the marcel iron

•1875; Frenchman, Marcel Grateau, developed hot irons for waving and curling the hair. Known today as marcel waving

Purespadirect.com

Jiunlimites.com

•1892; Frenchman, Alexander F. Godefroy, invented a

hot-blast hair dryer

•1890; First hairdressing academy opening in Chicago by Frenchman, Bribois and Federmeyer.

Probeautykit.com

• to preserve the health and beauty of the skin, women used beauty masks made from natural ingredients

• pinched their cheeks and bit their lips to colorize rather than use

cosmetics

The Twentieth Century

• shift in American attitudes caused by the movie industry

• viewers wanted the flawless complexions, beautiful hairstyles, manicured nails, changing the standards of feminine

beauty

• beauty began to follow trends

Newhotstuff.net

Jean Harlow 1930’s

Vivien Leigh 1940’s

Elizabeth Taylor 1950’s

1901-1910

•Max Factor began making and selling makeup to movie stars that would not cake or crack, even under the hot studio lights

Rubylane.com

Onlineauction.com

History of Permanent Waving

•1905, Charles Nessler invented heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods around which hair strands were wrapped

• units were heated

• kept away from the scalp by counterbalancing weights suspended from an overhead

chandelier mounted to a stand

Internet source:

Two methods were used to wind hair strands around the metal units:

1. Spiral wrap: long hair was wound from scalp to ends

2. Croquignole wrap: for short hair, wound from ends to scalp.

Success story of the cosmetology industry

Madam C.J. Walker

• daughter of a former slave

• born Sarah Breedlove in 1867

• during the 1890’s she suffered from a scalp condition and began to lose her hair.

• she experimented with store-bought products and home-made remedies

                    

Inventors.about.com

• invented hair grower scalp conditioner

• devised sophisticated sales and marketing strategies and traveled extensively giving product demonstrations

• built a factory, hair salon and training school

•by developing more products her empire grew www.scott.k12.va.us/rita/51757_2.JPG

1929

• gave time and money to organizations like NAACP and the YMCA

• organized the first national meetings for businesswomen

• pioneer of the modern black hair care and cosmetic industry

Scribalterror.blogs.com

Urbanstages.org

1920’s

• cosmetic industry grew rapidly

• ad’s expenditures in radio alone went from $390,000.00 to $3.2 million by the end of the decade

Digitalhistory.uh.edu

Vintagepowderroom.com

•1931, preheat method was introduced-hair was wrapped in the croquinole method

• clamps heated by a separate electrical machine were place over the wound curls

Dehaarsite.nl

•1932, a method that used external heat generated by chemical reaction was introduced

• small flexible pads containing a chemical mixture were wound around hair

strands

• pads moistened with water released a chemical heat creating long-lasting curls

• machineless permanent wave was born

1932

•Revlon marketed the first nail polish (not stain) using formulas

borrowed from the car paint industry

• dramatic shift in nail cosmetics

• array of nail lacquer colors available

• early screen stars started the trend of wearing these colors on their

fingers and toesQuirkyfinds.com

•1932-Clairol created permanent haircolor

•1938 the cold wave was invented that used no machine or heat

• considered to be the precursor to the modern perm

                     Library.duke.edu

Ebay.com

•1941, scientists developed waving lotion that did not require heat

*called cold wave

                   

Modernlab.com

• today, the term “texture service” is used to describe the variety of permanent wave services and straightening services

available for different hair types and conditions

Just-hairstyles.com

Hairstyles-pictures.com

1951-2000

• introduction of tube mascara,

improved hair care,

and nail products

Southportbeautysalon.com

Nailsupplywebsite.com

•boom and death of the

weekly salon

appointmentFlickr.com

•1960’s-Vidal Sassoon’s revolutionary geometric haircuts

Discoveringhair.wordpress.com

Ladybear.gaia.com

Campuscircle.net

•1970’s highlighting techniques of “hair weaving” using aluminum

foil

Tpcs-auction.org

Zebrahairandbeauty.com

•1980’s heavy use of eye make-up and blush…and really BIG HAIR, just ask Mrs. Kucas

***physical fitness, nutrition, day spas

Images.mix.com

Moviedearest.blogspot.com

•1990’s haircolor became gentler, allowing everyone to be able to color their hair without breakage

Hairsandiego.com

Pitchengine.com

Hairstyle-blog.com

                   

1998-Creative Nail Design introduced the first spa pedicure

***nail art also entered the seen by the 1990’s

Yelp.com

Looklocally.com

Nailartgallery.com

Breakforfunzarke.net

Kaskus.us

21st Century

• gentle-no fade hair colors

• estheticians rejuvenate the face and keep sunspots, and mild acne under control

• specialization became popular-hair colorist, hair cutting specialist, nail technician, etc, providing a full array of services

***haircoloring in the twentieth century has become a multibillion-dollar industry of professional products!!!!!!!

***the huge growth in day spas has also been a significant development

*** the domain of cosmetology has changed dramatically . All the new services and skills have transformed and expanded the role of cosmetologists, requiring them to know more than ever and to make

continuing education a necessity

• men’s-only specialty shops and barber spas have gained popularity, providing new opportunities for men’s nail care specialists

Luxury-insider.com

Psfk.com

Reviewjournal.com

Career Opportunities

•Haircolor specialist-perform color services. Work for a product manufacturer

                          

Beautyschools.edu

Beautifulhairsandiego.com

Texture specialist

~ perming ~ straightening~ training others~ work for manufacturer

Ehow.com

Stylekandy.com

Easy-hairstyles.com

Cutting specialist-learning various cutting styles and techniques

•Perfect your own skills

•Develop your own method of cutting hair

(everyone develops their own way of cutting hair)

Plumstudiossalon.comGuidespot.com

Salon trainer- train others

•management and interpersonal relationship training

•large organizations ( not limited to)

Distributor sales consultant-salon

•new products, new trends, and new techniques

•excellent opportunity

•

Cosmetology instructor

Add: terms only-not definitions

***Salon stylist- performs all services offered in a salon. Could be asked to handle any number of tasks and duties in the salon

***Wig or extensions specialist-change the length , texture and color by adding extensions, through braiding, weaving, bonding, gluing, or sewing. Wigs,

especially for people who experience hair loss. Or a men’s hair replacement specialist Cambridge.gumtree.com

Jamaica-newyork.olx.com

***Retail specialist

• handling merchandise and inventory

Thedressingroomsalon.com

divasalonspa,.com

***Skin Care Specialist/Esthetician-

•offers treatments

•makeup

•work with Dermatologists

Many will own their own business

Instituteofaesthetics.org

Designingbeautyacademy.com

Dominelli.com

***Makeup artist-

•able to blend, shade, and create any image

• work with a private clientele

•makeup director for a department store

•represent a line of cosmetics

• work in TV or film, fashion magazines, theater, independent freelancer

Centennialcollege.ca

Flickr.com

***Nail technician-provide clients with manicures and pedicures, nail art, artificial nail services

***Day Spa stylist or technician-all salon services plus treatments like body massage, body wraps, hydrotherapy. A day spa may be the ideal professional environment for you

Beautynewsnyc.com

Funandsun.com

***Salon manager-

• helps team members achieve their goals

• Job includes purchasing, personnel development, advertising, sales, budgeting, and people skills

***Salon owner-

•responsibilities and challenges

•Sets the standard for the quality of service in the workplace

• make the decisions of products and services

•handle the business end, paying bills, payroll, taxes, etc.

***Product educator

•Travel is a must

•Speak to groups of people

Lastheplace.com

***Cosmetic chemist-

•cosmetic manufacturers

•consultant for several companies

• be on a panel that studies products

•Further education may be required

Lsct.com

***Session stylist-stylist for models being photographed for magazines or books

Rheeviews.com

Hji.co.uk

Ftape.com

***Hairstylist for TV, movies, or theater

work with celebrities.

Mastionne.com

Epicartistry.com

***Styles director/artistic director-works with videographers, fashion magazines, publishing companies

***Design team member-creates presentations for fashion shows, runway work, hair shows, etc. On the cutting edge of fashion and design

***Platform artist-on stage, performing for people, sharing knowledge and

traveling. Demonstrates current trends and techniques. Salon experience is a must

Arrojostudio.com

***Competition Champion- “the best” display their individual talents and techniques. Often establishes their own salon, works as trainers, and sets a high standard for pricing

***Educator-work as an educational consultant for a product manufacturer, educator in the private or technical sector, school director.

***Writer-for articles, books, brochures, produce videos. Work for a publishing company

***State board member-take a proactive role in the regulatory issues affecting the

cosmetology industry. You could also become a state board examiner or a state board inspector

***Salon industry grosses about $50 billion a year in revenue

• no limit to your possibilities

•develop your skills

•most creative and unique career

Salon Management

• management opportunities are diverse* inventory manager* department head* special events manager* assistant manager* general manager

Salon owner* enroll in business classes to

learn about managing: ~ products

~ departments~ people

Reflectionssaloninc.com

Identity-uk.com

You must decide whether you want to work in:

•Specialty salon

•Full-service salon (hair, skin, and nail services)

•Day spa (skin, body, nail, and hair services that emphasize beauty and wellness

•focus on your studies

• subscribe and read professional publications

• become a member in trade associations

•continue your education by attending workshops outside of school

•your personal dedication and passion will fuel your career

• be excited, you are on your way!!