corn ethanol co-products for finishing beef cattle
DESCRIPTION
Corn Ethanol Co-Products For Finishing Beef Cattle. Darrell R. Mark, University of Nebraska – Lincoln Galen Erickson, University of Nebraska – Lincoln Crystal Buckner, University of Nebraska – Lincoln. Types of Corn Co-Products. Corn gluten feed: wet mill Corn bran + steep Can be wet or dry - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Corn Ethanol Co-Products For Finishing Beef Cattle
Darrell R. Mark, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Galen Erickson, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Crystal Buckner, University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Types of Corn Co-Products1. Corn gluten feed: wet mill
– Corn bran + steep
– Can be wet or dry
– Moderate crude protein, CP = 16-23%• 80% of CP is DIP (ruminally degradable)
– Low fat, moderate fiber, TDN = 80
– 101-115% of energy value of dry-rolled corn
– Product variation is significant within and across plants due to amount of steep added back to the corn bran
Types of Corn Co-Products
2. Distillers Grains + Solubles: dry mill
– Distillers Grains (65%) & Solubles (35%) (DM basis)
– May be wet or dried
– Higher crude protein, CP = 30%• 65% UIP (undegraded, “bypass”, protein)
– High fat (11%), TDN = 70-110
– Concentrates nutrients 3-fold from corn• 0.8% P, 0.35-1.0% Sulfur (variable)
Types of Corn Co-Products
3. Condensed distillers soluables: dry mill
– Also known as “syrup”– 35% dry matter but in liquid form– Higher crude protein, CP = 26%– High fat, low fiber, TDN = 110-115
4. Modified DGS are available
– (35-65% DM)
5. Hybrid wet & dry plant combining corn bran and distillers solubles bran cake
– Example: Dakota Bran Cake
Nutrient Composition of Selected Corn Milling Co-Products
General Corn Co-Products Cattle Finishing Comments
• High energy & protein
• Helps control acidosis (no starch in co-products)
• May be able to feed less (or lower quality) roughage
• Inclusion rate may depend on corn processing method
• High variation in feeding value/composition of co-products presents challenge for feeding
• WDGS results in better performance than DDGS
Energy Value of WDGS vs DDGS Fed at 40% of Diet DM
Energy Content of WDGS
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50
Level of diet DM (WDG)
Energy (% of corn)
y = -0.96x + 167R2 = 0.32
Feed Efficiency & ADG Response To WDG Inclusion Rate
y = -0.0007x2 + 0.043x + 3.6604
R2 = 0.914
y = 0.0005x2 - 0.0406x + 6.5271
R2 = 0.8867
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Level of diet DM (WDG)
Performance
ADGF:G
Source: Vander Pol et al., 2006 Nebraska Beef Rep. and 2005 Midwest ASAS
Feed Efficiency & ADG Response To DDG Inclusion Rate
y = -0.0006x2 + 0.0292x + 3.3054
R2 = 0.8625
y = 0.0006x2 - 0.0389x + 6.3466
R2 = 0.6988
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
0 10 20 30 40 50
Level of diet DM (DDGS)
Performance
ADGF:G
Source: Buckner et al., 2007 Nebraska Beef Rep.
Economic Issues Associated With Feeding Ethanol Co-Products
• Performance improvements from feeding WDGS & WCGF at 30-40% dietary inclusion hedges against corn price increases
• Cattle biological response to WDGS is quadratic and response to WCGF is linear
• Feeding wet co-products leads to:– Increased trucking cost to feedyard– Increased feeding/handling cost within feedyard– Fewer days on feed (less yardage/interest cost)
Cattle Feeding Budget Model With WDGS & WCGF
Inputs
• Dietary ingredients (DM, inclusion, price)
• Cattle performance (DMI, feed conversion)
• Trucking distance, size, cost
• Yardage, processing/health, interest rate
Outputs
• ADG & DOF• Total Costs
– Yardage– Ration– Feeding expense– Co-product hauling
• Net Return• Return to co-product
feeding
Example
• Feeder cattle in-weight 740 lbs• Fed cattle out-weight 1300 lbs• Days on feed 153 days• DMI 24 lbs• Feed:Gain 6.5 lbs/lb• Yardage cost $0.35/hd/day• Trucking $3.00/loaded m• Corn price $2.76/bu• WDGS price 95% of corn price
(DM basis)
Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying Corn Prices
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50
WDGS Level
Return ($/hd) $2.76
$3.50
$4.25
$5.00
Distance at 60 miles
-$91.67
-$143.19
-$195.41
-$247.62
Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying Distances to Plant
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 10 20 30 40 50
WDGS Level
Return ($/hd) 0
30
60
100
Corn at $3.50/bu
-$143.19
Marginal Return to WDGS Feeding with Varying WDGS Prices Relative to Corn
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 10 20 30 40 50
WDGS Level
Return ($/hd) 95%
85%
75%
Distance at 60 milesCorn at $3.50/bu
-$143.19
Marginal Return to WCGF Feeding with Varying Corn Prices
0
10
20
30
40
0 10 20 30 40 50
Sweet Bran Level
Return ($/hd) $2.76
$3.50
$4.25
$5.00
Distance at 60 miles
-$91.67
-$143.19
-$195.41
-$247.62
Budget Model Summary
• Model accounts for growth biology and changing prices
• At 30% inclusion rate of WDGS, marginal return most impacted by corn price
– Distance from plant and hauling cost not as important
• Can evaluate the marginal benefit to multiple co-products
To Feed More Co-Product
• More ethanol production need to feed more co-products
• More than 40% WDGS may add too much fat and sulfur to the diet
• Possibility: Feed combinations of WDGS & WCGF
WCGF & WDGS Combination Feeding Trial
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 30-0 15-15 0-30 30-30
WDGS
WCGF
Source: Buckner et al., 2006
WCGF & WDGS Combination Feeding Trial
Source: Buckner et al., 2006
4.07
4.47 4.56 4.66
4.27
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
CON 30WCGF 30Blend 30WDGS 60Blend
Treatment
ADG, lb
CON
30WCGF
30Blend
30WDGS
60Blend
P< 0.05
Challenges
• DGS is most available in late summer– Seasonally cheapest then too– Seasonally fewest cattle on feed then too
• Storing wet DGS product– Material exposed to air spoils in 7-14 days depending on
temperature– Has low pH and does not ensile but will keep in air-tight
storage for long periods– Spoilage loss stored in silage bags (Walker et al)
• 20% loss opened and fed day 78-112 post-sealing• 28% loss opened and fed day 190-257 post sealing
Cattle on Feed, All States, 1000+ Head Feedyards
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Thousand Head
2005
2006
5 Yr Ave
Source: USDA
Seasonal Low in Cattle on Feed…
When WDGS Price Is Lowest
Seasonal Index of Dried Distillers Grains, Nebraska, 2003-2005
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
Jan
Feb Mar
AprM
ay Jun
July
AugSep Oct
NovDec
Month
Price Index (% of Annual Avg)
Seasonal Price Index
Seasonal Price Index + 1 Std Dev
Seasonal Price Index - 1 Std Dev
Source: AMS & University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Storing WDGS
• Storing wet DGS product
– Often delivered in truck load lots– Can store wet DGS in bunker, silage bag or in pile
covered with plastic to protect from air– Can mix with tub-ground forage and stored in bunker or
bag
– Have to have the “mix” right…
Minimum Levels of Roughage To Mix in WDGS For Storage
Bagginga
Bunker
Grass hay 15% 30-40Wheat straw 12.5 25-32Alfalfa hay 22.5 45-55?DDGS 50 ---ADMCGF 60 ---
a300 PSI.
Source: Erickson & Klopfenstein
Resources
• http://beef.unl.edu
• www.iowabeefcenter.org
• http://www.ddgs.umn.edu/