Neuro-Organs-SystemAnwar Wardy Wfkk umj 09anwar wardy

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Nervous SystemFunctionsSensory input monitoring stimuli occurring inside & outside the body Integration interpretation of sensory inputMotor output response to stimuli by activating effector organsfkk umj 09anwar wardyFigure 11.1

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Peripheral Nervous Systemfkk umj 09anwar wardy

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Spinal Cord RegionsCervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacralfkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurology The Central Nervous System

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Neuron ClassificationFunctional: Sensory (afferent) transmit impulses toward the CNSMotor (efferent) carry impulses away from the CNSInterneurons (association neurons) shuttle signals through CNS pathwaysfkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurology

anwar wardy dept.neurology

DefinitionsCell Signal Transduction: The process by which cells sense an incoming signal and transfer that signal into a cellular action

Mechanotransduction: The process by which a cell senses an incoming mechanical signal and transfer that signal into a cellular action

Cells, Stress, and SignalingMechanical StimulusCell ReceptionSignal TransductionCell Action

Tissue Properties

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Neurogliafkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurologyFigure 12.6

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fkk umj 09anwar wardy

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Cerebral CortexEach half of cortex divided into four major lobesOccipital lobe - carries out initial processing of visual inputTemporal lobe - initial reception of sound sensation, taste, smellParietal lobe - somatosensory processingFrontal lobe responsible forVoluntary motor activitySpeaking abilityElaboration of thought

fkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurology

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Languagefkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurologyFigure 9-23: Cerebral processing of spoken and visual languagePrimary areas of cortical specialization for languageBrocas area governs speaking abilityWernickes areaConcerned with language comprehensionResponsible for formulating coherent patterns of speech

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Brain Function: Cerebral LateralizationEach lobe has special functionsfkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurologyFigure 9-16

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Memory ProcessingHippocampus (limbic system)Short term memory and consolidationDeclarative memory (facts), specific objectsRequires conscious recallCerebellum how to memoriesMotor skills (procedural)Subconscious recallPrefrontal cortex - working memoryProcesses new and retrieved informationTemporary storageProblem solving, planning, organizingfkk umj 09anwar wardy dept.neurology

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Divisions of the NeuraxisCortical BrainSubcortical BrainBrainstemCerebellumSpinal CordRootPeripheral NerveNeuromuscular JunctionMusclefkk umjanwar wardy w

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HistoryAssessSymptomsBasic descriptionLocationQualityOnsetSeverityExacerbation/palliationAssociated sxsDisabilitySymptoms with ADLs or only with strenuous activity

fkk umjanwar wardy

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HistoryOther symptomsUrinary retentionOften frequency or urgency (overflow) in milder casesFecal incontinenceCoordination issuesClumsiness

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fkk umj 09anwar wardy

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