copyright©2000 by houghton mifflin company. all rights reserved. 1 the modern view of atomic...
DESCRIPTION
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 3 The Mass and Change of the Electron, Proton, and NeutronTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
1
The Modern View of Atomic Structure
electrons protons: found in the nucleus, they have a
positive charge equal in magnitude to the electron’s negative charge.
neutrons: found in the nucleus, virtually same mass as a proton but no charge.
The The atomatom contains: contains:
![Page 2: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
2
Figure 2.14 Nuclear Atom Viewed in Cross Section
![Page 3: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
3
The Mass and Change of the Electron, Proton, and Neutron
Particle Mass (kg) Charge
Electron 9.11 10 31 1
Proton 1.67 10 27 1+
Neutron 1.67 10 27 0
![Page 4: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
4
ATOMS
• Very dense nucleus containing almost all of the atom’s mass.
• Electrons constitute most of the volume of the atom. Electrons are involved when atoms combine or “bond” to form molecules.
• All atoms contain protons, electrons and neutrons
![Page 5: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
5
ATOMS
• Different atoms have different properties due to different #’s of protons, electrons and neutrons.
• Atomic number (Z) = # of protons
• Mass number (A) = # of protons + # of neutrons
![Page 6: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
6
ISOTOPES
• Atoms with the same # of protons butdifferent # of neutrons.
• Isotopes have almost identical chemical properties since they have the same # of electrons.
![Page 7: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
7
The Chemists’ Shorthand: Atomic Symbols
K Element Symbol39
19
Mass number
Atomic number
![Page 8: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
8
Figure 2.15Two Isotopes of Sodium
![Page 9: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
9
The Chemists’ Shorthand:Formulas
• Chemical Formula:• Symbols = types of atoms• Subscripts = relative numbers of atoms
CO2
• Structural Formula:
• O=C=O
![Page 10: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
10
ION
• Atoms or groups of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge.
• Atoms either gain or lose electrons to acquire a charge.
![Page 11: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
11
Ions
Cation: A positive ionMg2+, NH4
+
Anion: A negative ionCl, SO4
2
Ionic Bonding: Force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Salt (Ionic solid): Solid consisting of oppositely charged ions.
![Page 12: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
12
Figure 2.19 Sodium Chloride
![Page 13: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
13
IONS
• Simple Ions: Na+
Cl-
Al3+
N3-
• Polyatomic Ions: Groups of covalently
bonded atoms that carry a charge.
NH4+
CO3-
NO3-
NO2-
![Page 14: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
14
Periodic TableElements classified by: properties
atomic number
Groups (vertical) 1 or 1A = alkali metals 2 or 2A = alkaline earth metals 17 or 7A = halogens 18 or 8A = noble gases
Periods (horizontal)
![Page 15: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
15
Alkali MetalsGroup 1 or Group 1A
![Page 16: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
16
Alkali Metals
• Group 1 or 1A• Metals with low mp• Soft enough to cut with a knife• Form +1 ions when reacting with non-
metals
![Page 17: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
17
![Page 18: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
18
Alkaline Earth Metals
• Group 2 or 2A
• Less reactive than Group 1
• Form +2 ions when reacting with non-metals
![Page 19: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
19
![Page 20: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
20
Halogens
• Group 17 or 7A or VII A
• Non-metals
• Form -1 ions when reacting with metals
![Page 21: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
21
![Page 22: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
22
Noble GasesGroup 18 or Group 8A
![Page 23: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
23
Noble Gases
• Group 18 or 8A or VIII A
• Single atom (monoatomic) gases
• Little reactivity
![Page 24: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
24
Metals, Nonmetals & Mettaloids
![Page 25: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
25
Metals
• Shiny/ metallic luster• Good conductor of heat & electricity• Malleability• Ductile• Tend to lose electrons
![Page 26: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
26
Non-Metals
• Brittle solids• Many gases at room temperature• Liquid – bromine• Poor conductors• Tend to gain electrons• Often share electrons with other non-
metals to form covalent bonds
![Page 27: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
27
Mettalloids
• Some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of non-metals.
• All are solids at room temperature• Semi-conductors of electricity.
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
![Page 28: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
28
Transition Metals
![Page 29: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
29
Figure 2.21The Periodic Table
![Page 30: Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1 The Modern View of Atomic Structure l electrons l protons: found in the nucleus, they](https://reader031.vdocuments.mx/reader031/viewer/2022020802/5a4d1ad67f8b9ab0599732ec/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Copyright©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
30
THE END!!!!!!!!!!