copyright law
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright Law
ByDr. Kalyan C. KankanalaBrain League IP Services
© 2009 Brain League IP Services Pvt. Ltd
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Philosophy of Copyright Law
To promote creativity by granting exclusive rights for a limited period of time.
Quid Pro Quo Gives a creative work and takes exclusive
rights
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Generic Life Cycle
Author Creative Work Copyright (Exclusive Rights) Term Public domain
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Nature of Copyright
Idea/Expression Original
Originate from author Modicum of Creativity
Registration
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R.G. Anand vs. Delux Films and Ors.
Play - Hum Hindustani Movie - New Delhi Hum Hindustani very popular - 1953, 54, 55
and 56 Director came to meet Anand - Anand read out
the play - Told that he would be informed Subject- Provincialism
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R.G. Anand vs. Delux Films and Ors.
Play
Two families - Punjabi and Madrasi family - neighbours - Closely associated - Amni and Chander punjabi and madrasi families fall in love - Parents come to know - families relation strained - Girl and Boy decide to commit suicide - They write a letter - Parents on seeing letter realize the mistake - Marry them - Everyone happy.
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R.G. Anand vs. Delux Films and Ors.
Movie
Anand young graduate from punjab comes to delhi - Fights with the girl 'Janaki'- Tries to find a place for rent but people refuse to give to any one except south indians - Disguises as a south indian and gets a place to stay - Meets the girl Janaki again – falls in love - Boy's parents come to Delhi - Girl's parents get to know the identity of Anand - Relations strained - Janaki decides to commit suicide leaving a letter - - Parents realize and get youngsters married.
Differences - Provincialism - Marriage - Rent - Casteism - Held no copyright violation
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R.G. Anand vs. Delux Films and Ors.
Ideas not protected - Only Expression protected. It is infringement only if the expression of thought is copied. To prove copying it need not be an exact copy, It is enough if
the substantial portion has been copied - Substantial similarity in incidents, scenes and treatment.
Two works showing the same emotion would not be copies unless the expression has been copied.
Colourable imitation amounts to violation.
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R.G. Anand vs. Delux Films and Ors.
Test - affect produced on the mind of a person - If the reader, spectator, person feels that a subsequent work is a copy of the original.
There can be no copyright in an idea, subject matter, themes, plots or historical or legendary facts and violation of the copyright in such cases is confined to the form, manner and arrangement and expression of the idea by the author of the copyrighted work.
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Copyrightable Subject Matter
Literary Dramatic Artistic Musical Cinematograph Films Sound Recordings
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V. Govindan vs. E. M. Gopalakrishna Kone and another
Compilation of a English - English - Tamil Dictionary The Appellants copied the dictionary slavishly Errors, arrangement and words. For a different purpose but retained words not
necessary - School Dictionary Dictionary is protectable under copyright - creative Held - liable
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N. T. Raghunathan v. All India Reporter Ltd
AIR came up with head notes to case, which included important excerpts from the case.
Raghunathan copied those head notes.
Held that head notes are protectable under copyright law - Copying them is violation of copyright
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Literary work
Print or Writing Books
Poems Computer programs Tables Compilations
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Dramatic Work
Drama Piece for recitation Choreographic work Entertainment in a dumb show Scenic
arrangements or acting form - fixed in writing or otherwise
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Musical Work
Music
Graphical notation Does not include - words or action - sung, spoken or performed with music
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Artistic Work
Painting Sculpture Drawing Engraving Diagram Map Chart Plan Photograph Architecture
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Cinematographic work
Visual recording Any medium Produced through a process Moving image Including Sound recording
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Sound Recording
Recording Any medium Produce sounds
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Term
Literary, Dramatic, Artistic or Musical works Life plus sixty years Sixty years from publication Government - Sixty years Cinematographic work - 60 years
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Ownership
First Owner – Author Sound recording and Cinematograph film –
Producer Employment – Employer
Contract of service Commissioned work
Valuable consideration
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Exclusive rights
Bundle of rights
Reproduction Issue copies Distribute Public performance or communication Translation Adaptation Sell or Hire
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Moral Rights
Publication Paternity Integrity Section 57
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Smt. Mannu Bhandari vs. Kala Vikas Pictures Pvt. Ltd. and another
Director. Kala Vikas has produced motion picture Samay Ki Dhara’ under assignment of filming rights of her novel ‘Aap Ka Bunty’.
Author alleges mutilation and distortion of the novel Movie different from Novel Consequences of divorce - impact on children Mother and Father divorce and remarry leaving the child One character who was adivisional manager in the novel has been
shown as a builder who gets contracts by supplying woman. The novel shows that the child becomes an orphan but the movie kills
him.
Held - No violation of moral rights.
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Publication
First Publication in India Published outside India
Author citizen of India Not Published
Citizen or Domiciled in India - Creation
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Publication
Issue copies Communication to public
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Performer's rights
Actor, Musician, Juggler, Snake charmer, Acrobat, Lecturer, etc
Term - 50 years Rights Make sound recording or visual recording Reproduce sound or visual recording of performance Communicate to public Broadcast or otherwise
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Fortune v. Devanand
Movie - Darling Darling Contract that copyrights in performance
belong to Devanand until the agreed 7 Lakhs is paid completely
Fortune does not pay - Court issues injunction in seven territories
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Transfer of Copyright
Assignment or License Valid only if it is in writing and signed by
assignor or agent Doctrine of first sale Reversion of License - 1 year
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Compulsory License
Copyright Board
Conditions Published or Performed in public Author refuse to republish or perform Not reasonable terms Withheld from public
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Procedure
Complaint Enquiry Order publication or performance Reasonable compensation
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Infringement
Section 51 Any person Without license
Owner Registrar
Does anything that is exclusive right of copyright owner
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Infringement
Existence of copyright Owner of copyright
Copying Access Substantial similarity
Look and feel test Abstraction-filtration and comparison test
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Bradford v. Sahara
Romance novelist Barbara Taylor Bradford - A Woman of Substance
Sahara TV - 260 PART Television series inIndia Karishma - Miracles of Destiny - 13 million dollars USD Servant to head of an international organization Street sweeper to head of an international corporation Woman looking back on her life narrates Idea not expression - Held not liable
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Educational Book Depot. v. Rabindra Nath Tagore
Dr. Rabindranath Tagore - Author of 'Gitanjali', The 'Gardener', and the 'Crescent Moon' - Published by Macmillan
EBT - Intermediate poems for detailed study - 1poem out of first book - 2 out of second book and - 1 out of the third book
Held infringed and granted damages of Rupees 400
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Cunniah v. Balraj
Subramanyaswamy - Hindu Deity Balasubramanya - Younger version of the deity
Appellant made a picture a - Balamurugan Respondent made a similar picture - Mayura priya
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Cunniah v. Balraj
Balamurugan Mayura Priya Different colour schemes Large picture and small picture Peacock faces left and right in the other Background - Fort and Temple Court Held colourable imitation of the picture Liable for copyright infringement
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Exception to copyright infringement
Private use Teaching and Education Research Criticism or Review News reporting Judicial proceeding Legislative proceedings Archival for library
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Civil Remedies
Injunction Interlocutory Permanent
Damages Costs
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Criminal Remedies
Mens Rea Imprisonment
6 months to 2 years Fine
50,000 - 2 Lakhs
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State of Andhra Pradesh v. Nagoti Venkatramanan
Video library - VIDEO CITY 90 CASSETTES Seized Liable for infringement Have to identify the owner to make some one
liable Fine - Rs. 10, 000