copyright (c) 2003 allyn & bacon chapter 13 facilitating writing this multimedia product and its...

copyright (c) 2003 Allyn & Bacon

Chapter 13

Facilitating Writing

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Current Trends in Writing Curriculum and Instruction

Student-Centered model

Importance of early writing experiences

Greater allotment of time to writing instruction

Teaching the mechanics of communicating effectively through writing


Writing as a Process

Formulate message in your head

Organize ideas in a logical fashion

Think about the reader

Choose words carefully

Select words to convey meaning succinctly

Attend to spelling, capitalization and punctuation

Consider appearance of final product


Writing is…

An interactive process

A strategic process

An attempt to convey meaning

A process of constructing meaning

A socially mediated learning activity


Ideas for a Physical Environment that Promotes Writing

Portable Word Processors Computers Slantboards Paper with raised lines Adaptive grips for

pencils/pens Word cards Pocket thesaurus/dictionary


Strategies for a Writing Workshop

THE WRITING PROCESS

COM POSINGget ideas on paper

COLLECT INFORM ATIONobserving

rem em beringinterviewing

PR EW R ITIN G

REVISINGpoints explained further

ideas elaboratedfurther corrections

EDITINGpunctuation, spelling, m echanical processes

are checked

POSTW R ITIN G


Prewriting

Identify the intended audience

State a purpose for writing

Decide on a format


Revising and Editing

Make sure meaning is clear and message is understood

AOK Strategy– MOK– POK– SOK– WOK– NOK


Revising for Adolescents with Disabilities

Compare and diagnose

Tactic Operations

Compare

Diagnose and Operate


Sharing Strategies

The “author’s chair” (Graves & Hansen, 1983)

TAG Strategy – Tell what you like– Ask questions– Give suggestions

Conferencing– Describe problem

areas– Respond to

questions


Strategies for Writing

PLEASE– Pick the topic– List the information– Evaluate– Activate– Supply supporting

details– End

TREE– Topic sentence

– Reasons to support – Examine results– Ending or conclusion

SCOREA– Select topic– Create categories– Obtain reference tools– Read and Take Notes– Evenly organize

information– Apply writing process


Improving Spelling Skills (Gordon, Vaughn & Schumm, 1993)

Error imitation and modeling Unit size Modality Computer-Assisted Instruction Peer Tutoring Study Techniques


Instruction and Practice Strategy(Graham & Freeman, 1986)

Say the word Write and say the word Check the word Trace and say the word Write the word from memory Check the word If incorrect, repeat steps 1-5


Spelling Instruction

Exposure to common word patterns Teach in small units Provide sufficient practice and feedback Select appropriate words Maintain previously learned words Teach for transfer of learning Motivate students to spell correctly Include dictionary training


Handwriting Skills Instruction

Direct instruction Variety of techniques or

methods Teach within context of

writing Self and peer evaluation Modeling


Teaching Handwriting Skills

Focus on legibility and fluency

– Posture– Pencil grip– Paper position

Compare and contrast letters

Physical prompts and cues

Specific reinforcement and corrective feedback

Self-verbalization

copyright (c) 2003 allyn & bacon chapter 13 facilitating writing this multimedia product and its...

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