copyright © allyn & bacon 2008 families and their social worlds chapter 3: families throughout...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008

Families and Their Social Worlds

Chapter 3:Families Throughout

History

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Piecing Together the History of Family Life

• Ethnographies – Detailed accounts and interpretations of some aspect of culture

• Family Reconstitution – Attempts are made to compile all available information about significant family events and everyday life within a particular family to piece together social history


Why Study Family History?

• Are families in trouble? What examples provided by the textbook

• How do families change and evolve?


Families in Pre-Industrial Societies

• Family Life as a Hunter-Gatherer– Subsistence Economies – Economies in

which families use all of what they have, with virtually no surplus of food or other resources


Families in Pre-Industrial Societies• Family Life In Horticultural and Agrarian

Societies– Early European Families

• Patricians – During the Roman era, these were landowners, at the top of the stratification system

• Primogeniture – Families during the Middle Ages leaving their wealth or property to the eldest son


Family Life in Pre-Industrial United States

• Colonial America: European Colonists– Courtship and Partnering

• Bundling – A dating practice in colonial America in which a young man and woman may continue their date by spending the night in a bed together separated by a wooden board

– Household Structure– Relationships Between Husbands and Wives

– Parenting



• Mexicans– Familism – Family relationships are paramount and

take precedence over individual needs or wants– Compadres – Godparents in the Mexican-American

community who serve as coparents to children– Machismo – Mexican-Americans have a long

tradition of masculine authority, which is exercised in the home, the workplace, in sexual prowess, and in the raising of children



• Native Americans


Preindustrial Family Life• Describe family patterns found among early Native

Americans. In what ways did family life differ from that of the European colonists?

• In what ways were gender roles among colonial families similar to those of today? In what ways were they different?

• In what ways were African-American families affected by economic cultural, and physical exploitation?

• What are some of the primary characteristics of pre-industrial, Mexican families?


American Families in the 19th Century

• The Changing Nature of the Economy: Industrialization and Urbanization– Industrialization – Transformed an

economy from a system based on small family-based agriculture to one of large industrial capital



• Class Ideology– Separate Spheres – A dominant ideology of

19th century middle and upper classes that suggested that woman should stay home to rear children and take care of the home while husbands should be the sole breadwinners

– Cult of Domesticity - The glorification of women’s domestic role

– Example: The 19th Amendment is Ratified



• Demographic Changes– Immigration – People moving to the

United States


Families in the 20th Century & Beyond

• What is meant by the “modern” family and what social and economic changes led to the rise of this family

• What are some of the most significant challenges facing post-industrial American families? form?


Families and Societies – An Overview

• PreIndustrial Societies– Hunter-Gatherer– Horticultural and Agrarian Societies

• The 19th Century• The 20th Century



• Colonial America: African Americans and Slavery


Families in the 20th Century: The Rise of the “Modern” Family

– Companionate Family – Built upon mutual affection, sexual attraction, compatibility and personal happiness

• National Events: World Wars and the Great Depression – Example: Coming of Age in the

Depression


Families in the 20th Century: The Rise of the “Modern” Family• Post-World War II: The Unique 1950s

– Fertility Rates – The number of births to women

• Social Change and the 1960s and 1970s


Recent Family Issues and Their Historical Roots

• An Example: Families and the Changing Economy

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