copyright © allyn & bacon 2004 development through the lifespan chapter 9 physical and...

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2004

Development Through the Lifespan

Chapter 9

Physical and Cognitive Development inMiddle Childhood

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Body Growth in Middle Childhood

Slow, regular pattern Girls shorter and lighter

until about age 9 Lower portion of body

growing fastest Bones lengthen Muscles very flexible All permanent teeth arrive


Common Health Problems in Middle Childhood

Vision - Myopia Hearing - Otitis media (middle ear infection) Malnutrition Obesity Illnesses Injuries


Causes of Obesityin Middle Childhood

Overweight parents Low SES Parents’ feeding

practices Low physical activity Television Cultural food

environment


Deaths from Injuries, North American Children, Ages 5–19


Motor Development in Early Childhood

Gross Motor Skills Improvements: Flexibility Balance Agility Force

Fine Motor Skills Gains: Writing Drawing


Physical Play Development in Middle Childhood

Games with Rules Sports Invented Games

Video Games Adult-organized

sports Physical Education


Piaget’s Theory: Achievements of the Concrete Operational Stage Conservation

Decentration Reversibility

Classification Seriation

Transitive inference Spatial Reasoning

Directions Maps


Key Information Processing Improvements

Increase in information-processing capacity

Gains in cognitive inhibition

Both may be related tobrain development


Attention in Middle Childhood

Attention becomes more:

Selective Adaptable Planful ADHD


Development of Memory Strategies

Rehearsal – early grade school

Organization – early grade school Knowledge base helps

organization Elaboration – end of

middle childhood Meaningful chunks of

information


Information Processing and Academic Learning

Reading Whole-language

approach Basic-skills approach

Mathematics Drill “Number sense”


Sternberg’s Triarchic Theoryof Intelligence


Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Linguistic Logico-mathematical Musical Spatial Bodily-kinesthetic Naturalist Interpersonal Intrapersonal


Explaining Differences in IQ

Genetics Accounts for about

half of differences Environment

SES Culture

Communication styles Cultural bias in test

content


Language Development in Middle Childhood Vocabulary

Increases fourfold during school years

20 new words a day Grammar

Passive voice Infinitive phrases

Pragmatics Adjust to people and situations Phrase requests to get what

they want


Learning Two Languages Bilingual Development

Learn both languages at the same time

Learn first language, then second

Sensitive period - childhood Bilingual Education

Language immersion Bilingual education


Academic Achievement and Class Size


Educational Philosophies and Practices

Traditional v. Open Classrooms New Directions

Theory Reciprocal teaching

Teacher-student Interaction Self-fulfilling prophesies

Grouping for learning


Teaching Children withSpecial Needs

Learning Difficulties Mainstreaming

Gifted Talented

Divergent thinking and creativity

copyright © allyn & bacon 2004 development through the lifespan chapter 9 physical and...

Documents

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learning slide

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brain development slide

test content slide

writing drawing slide

class size slide

middle childhood games