copyright © 2012 by mosby, an imprint of elsevier inc. digestive system chapter five
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Chapter Five
![Page 2: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
Gastr/o = stomach
Intestin/o = intestine
aliment/o = nutrition
Digestive SystemGastrointestinal (GI) system or
tractAlimentary canal
Be Careful! The combining form gastr/o refers only to the stomach.
![Page 3: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Did You Know?
The alimentary canal acquires its name from the Latin term alimentum, which refers to food or nourishment. Its influence is currently seen in contemporary words, such as adult, meaning grown up or nourished, alimony, meaning an allowance for sustenance, and alma mater, meaning a nourishing mother.
![Page 4: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Functions
![Page 5: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
General Description of the GI System: The Route Through the Body
Route Oral cavity Mediastinal cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
Peritoneal cavity
![Page 6: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
sub- = under
viscer/o = organ, viscera
peri- = surrounding
-stalsis = contraction
General Description of the Digestive System: Layers
Tunics/Coats Tunica mucosa Submucosa Tunica muscularis Serosa:
Visceral peritoneum Adventitia
MesenteryPeristalsis
![Page 7: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Wall of the Gastrointestinal Tract
![Page 8: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Which process of the GI system refers to the breakdown of food?A. ingestionB. digestionC. absorptionD. elimination
![Page 9: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
or/o, stom/o, stomat/o = mouth, oral cavity
labi/o, cheil/o = lip
dent/i, odont/o = teeth
cusp/o = point
bi- = two
in- = in
cis/o = to cut
mol/o = molar
Oral CavityMastication, deglutitionLips
Vermilion borders
Frenulum Philtrum
Teeth Incisors and cuspids Bicuspids and molars
Be Careful! Don’t confuse stom/o and stomat/o, meaning mouth or oral cavity with stomach.
![Page 10: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
amel/o = enamel
alveol/o = small cavity, alveolus
dent/i = tooth
-in = substance
The Tooth in DetailEnamelDentinCementumPulpCrownAlveolar ridge
![Page 11: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
bucc/o = cheek
Muc/o = mucus
Mol/o = molar, grinding
Labi/o = lip
gloss/o, lingu/o = tongue
palat/o = palate
uvul/o = uvula
Oral CavityCheeksMucous glands
Buccal Molar Labial Palatine
Tongue Papillae Taste buds
Palate Hard and soft
Uvula
![Page 12: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
maxill/o = upper jaw
mandibul/o = lower jaw
dent/i, odont/o = teeth
gingiv/o = gums
peri- = surrounding
sialoaden/o = salivary gland
sial/o, ptyal/o = saliva
par- = near
Sub- = under
Oral CavityMaxillaMandibleGums
Salivary glands and saliva Parotid Sublingual Submandibular
![Page 13: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
pharyng/o = pharynx, throat
nas/o = nose
or/o = mouth
hypo- = below, under
esophag/o = esophagus
Throat and EsophagusPharynx
Nasopharynx Oropharynx Hypopharynx
Esophagus Bolus Lower esophageal sphincter
(LES)/ cardiac sphincter/ gastroesophageal sphincter
![Page 14: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Did You Know?
A sphincter is a ringlike muscle: sphincters appear in other parts of the body as well, for example, in the urinary system and the eye.
![Page 15: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
The parotid gland is a salivary gland located:A. under the tongueB. under the jawC. near the earD. around the teeth
![Page 16: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
periotone/o = peritoneum
retro- = behind
oment/o, epiplo/o = omentum
PeritoneumPeritoneum
Visceral Parietal
RetroperitoneumMesentery
Mesoappendix Mesocolon
LigamentsFoldsGreater and lesser sacs
Epiploic foramen Omenta: greater and lesser
![Page 17: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
gastr/o = stomach
cardi/o = heart
fund/o = fundus
corpor/o = body
pylor/o = pylorus
The StomachCardia Fundus Body Pylorus Rugae Chyme
The stomach
![Page 18: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
enter/o = small intestines
duoden/o = duodenum
jejun/o = jejunum
ile/o = ileum
plic/o = fold, plica
vill/o = villus
-ase = enzyme
Small IntestineDuodenumJejunum IleumPlicae Villi
Lacteals
Enzymes
Be Careful! Don’t confuse ileum with ilium (part of the hip).
Small intestines From Mosby’s dictionary, ed 8, Mosby
![Page 19: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
The cardiac sphincter is the same as the:A. lower esophageal sphincterB. gastroesophageal sphincterC. pyloric sphincterD. A&BE. all of the above
![Page 20: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
col/o, colon/o = large intestine, colon
cec/o = cecum
append/o, appendic/o = appendix
fec/a = feces
sigmoid/o = sigmoid colon
rect/o = rectum
an/o = anus
proct/o = rectum and anus
Large IntestineCecum
Ileocecal sphincter Vermiform appendix
Ascending colonTransverse colonDescending colonSigmoid colon Rectum Anus
Internal and external sphincters Proct/o is for anus and rectumDefecation
Feces, bowel movement: BM
![Page 21: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Be Careful!
gastr/o vs. abdomin/o, lapar/o, and celi/oGastr/o refers only to the stomach, while abdomen/o, lapar/o, and
celi/o refer to the abdomen.
-cele vs. celi/oDon’t confuse –cele, the suffix meaning herniation with celi/o, a
combining form for abdomen.
an/o vs. ana- vs. an-An/o is the combining form for anus; ana-, the prefix meaning up or
apart; and an-, the prefix meaning no, not, or without.
![Page 22: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
adnex/o = accessory
hepat/o = liver
cholecyst/o = gallbladder
pancreat/o = pancreas
Accessory Organs: AdnexaLiverGallbladderPancreas
![Page 23: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
lob/o = lobe
chol/e, bil/i = bile
choledoch/o = common bile duct/
The LiverLocation/lobes
Right, left, quadrate, caudate
The liver functions to produce bile Bile serves to emulsify fats
Bile is composed of bilirubin and cholesterol
Bile in liver bile ducts hepatic duct joins with cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct empties bile into the duodenum
![Page 24: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Anterior and Posterior View of Liver
![Page 25: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
chol/e, bil/i = bile
cholesterol/o = cholesterol =
choledoch/o = common bile duct
cholangi/o = bile vessel
cholecyst/o = gallbladder
-kinin = movement substance
GallbladderLocation/descriptionStores bile from the liverRole of cholecystokinin in bile
secretionCystic duct Common bile duct
![Page 26: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
pancreat/o = pancreas
PancreasLocationExocrine function of the
pancreas is key in the digestion of: Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
Pancreatic enzymes enter the duodenum through the pancreatic duct that empties into the common bile duct
![Page 27: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
A combining form for the gallbladder is:A. choledoch/oB. cholecyst/oC. cholangi/oD. hepat/o
![Page 28: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Digestive System and Abdomen (R10-R19)
HalitosisEructationFlatulence
Ascites
NauseaVomiting
![Page 29: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
dys- = difficult, bad
-phagia = condition of swallowing, eating
hepat/o = liver
-megaly = enlargement
pyr/o = fire
-osis = abnormal condition
dia- = difficult, bad
-rrhea = discharge, flow
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Digestive System and Abdomen (R10-R19)
DysphagiaHepatomegalyJaundice
PyrosisGastralgia
Diarrhea
Jaundice
![Page 30: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Did You Know?
Nausea derives its name from the Greek word for seasickness. Notice the similarity between the words nausea and nautical.
Heartburn is a misnomer. This burning sensation is experienced in the chest near the heart, not the heart itself.
![Page 31: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
ankyl/o = stiffening
gloss/o = tongue
-ia = condition
esophag/o = esophagus
-eal = pertaining to
a- = no, not, without
-tresia = condition of an opening
Congenital Conditions (Q00-Q99)
AnklyoglossiaEsophageal atresia
Esophageal atresia
![Page 32: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
gastr/o = stomach
-schisis = split
omphal/o = umbilicus
-cele = herniation, protrusion
pylor/o = pylorus
-ic = pertaining to
stenosis = narrowing
Congenital Conditions (Q00-Q99)
GastroschisisOmphalocelePyloric stenosis
![Page 33: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Congenital Conditions (Q00-Q99)
Cleft palateHirschsprung’s disease
Cleft palate and lip
![Page 34: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
The medical term/word part for “no opening” is:A. stenosisB. atresiaC. -schisisD. ankyl/o
![Page 35: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
amel/o = enamel
-genesis = production, origin
an- = no, no, without
odont/o = teeth
-ia = condition
Diseases of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands (K00-K14)
Amelogenesis imperfectaAnodontia
Edentulous
![Page 36: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
aphth/o = ulceration
-ous = pertaining to
stomat/o = mouth
-itis = inflammation
cheil/o = lip
Diseases of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands (K00-K14)
Aphthous stomatitisCheilitis
Aphthous stomatitis
![Page 37: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
gingiv/o = gums
-itis = inflammation
gloss/o = tongue
Diseases of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands (K00-K14)
Dental cariesGingivitisPeriodontal diseaseGlossitis
Gingivitis
![Page 38: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
mucos/o = mucus
-itis = inflammation
leuk/o = white
-plakia = condition of patches
ptyal/o = saliva
-ism = condition
sialoaden/o = salivary gland
sial/o = saliva
lith/o = stone
-iasis = presence of, condition
Diseases of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands (K00-K14)
Oral mucositisOral leukoplakia
PtyalismSialoadenitisSialolithiasis
Oral leukoplakia
![Page 39: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Ptyalism is a condition of:A. the salivaB. the gallbladderC. the esophagusD. the gums
![Page 40: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
a- = without
-chalasia = condition of relaxation
dys- = abnormal, bad
-pepsia = digestion condition
gastr/o = stomach
esophag/o = esphagus
-eal = pertaining to
re- = back
-flux = flow
Diseases of Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum (K20-K31)
AchalasiaDyspepsiaEsophagitisGastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD) Barrett’s esophagus
GERD
![Page 41: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Diseases of Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum (K20-K31)
GastritisPeptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Chronic peptic ulcer
![Page 42: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Diseases of the Appendix (K35-K38)
Appendicitis Peritonitis Acute vs. chronic
Be Careful! Don’t confuse peritone/o, which means the membrane that
lines the abdominal cavity, with perone/o, which is a combining form for the fibula; and perine/o, which means the space between the anus and external reproductive organs.
![Page 43: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Hernias (K40-K46)
Complications Incarcerated hernia
Irreducible Strangulated hernia Gangrene
![Page 44: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Hernias (K40-K46)
Umbilical hernia (omphalocele) Femoral (crural) herniaHiatal hernia (diaphragmatocele)Inguinal herniaVentral hernia
Umbilical hernia Hiatal herniaFrom Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 4, MosbyFrom Zitelli: Atlas of pediatric physical diagnosis, ed 4, Mosby
![Page 45: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Noninfective Enteritis and Colitis (K50-K52)
ColitisInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Crohn’s disease (regional or granulomatous enteritis) Ulcerative colitis
![Page 46: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Other Diseases of the Intestines (K55-K63)
Anal fissureAnorectal abscessAnorectal fistulaConstipation
Obstipation
Anorectal fistula
![Page 47: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Other Diseases of the Intestines (K55-K63)
IleusIntussusceptionVolvulusIrritable bowel
syndrome (IBS)
A. Intussusception, B. Volvulus
From Damjanov: Pathology for the health professions, ed 3, Saunders
Intussusception
![Page 48: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
diverticul/o = diverticulum
-itis = inflammation
-osis = abnormal condition
Other Diseases of the Intestines (K55-K63)
DiverticulitisDiverticulosis
Diverticulosis
![Page 49: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
proct/o = rectum and anus
-itis = inflammation
-ptosis = drooping, prolapse
Other Diseases of the Intestines (K55-K63)
Polyp of colonProctitisProctoptosis
![Page 50: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
A twisting of the intestines:A. anastomosisB. paralytic ileusC. intussusceptionD. volvulus
![Page 51: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
A hiatal hernia is the same as a/n:A. omphaloceleB. diaphragmatoceleC. crural herniaD. inguinal hernia
![Page 52: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Partscirrh/o = orange-yellow
-osis = abnormal condition
peritone/o = peritoneum
-itis = inflammation
Diseases of Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum (K65-K68) and Diseases of Liver (K70-K77)
CirrhosisPeritonitis
Normal liver Cirrhosis of the liver
![Page 53: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Special Note
Liver disease often requires additional codes like alcoholic liver diseases that need codes to describe alcohol abuse and dependence. Toxic liver disease requires a code to identify what type of drug or toxic agent caused the disease.
![Page 54: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
cholang/o = bile vessel
-itis = inflammation
cholecyst/o = gallbladder
choledoch/o = common bile duct
-lith/o = stone
-iasis = presence of
chol/e = bile
pancreat/o = pancreas
Diseases of Gallbladder, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas (K80-K87)
Cholangitis Cholecystitis CholedocholithiasisCholelithiasisPancreatitis
Cholelithiasis
![Page 55: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Which of the following disorders involves the presence of stones?A. cholangitisB. cholecystitisC. choledocholithiasisD. cirrhosis
![Page 56: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
celi/o = abdomen
hemat/o = blood
-emesis = vomiting
melan/o = black, dark
Other Diseases of Digestive System (K90-K94)
Celiac disease (celiac sprue)HematemesisMelena
![Page 57: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Partsstomat/o = mouth
-itis = inflammation
hepat/o = liver
Viral Infections Characterized by Skin and Mucous Membranes (B00-B09) and Viral Hepatitis (B15-B19)
Herpetic stomatitis (cold sore, fever blister)
Hepatitis Hepatitis A (HAV) Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis C (HCV)
![Page 58: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
cyst/o = cyst
aden/o = gland
-oma = tumor, mass
odont/o = teeth
-genic = pertaining to produced by
Benign Neoplasms (D10-D36)
CystadenomaOdontogenic tumor
![Page 59: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Benign Neoplasms (D10-D36)
Polyps, adenomatous or hyperplastic Sessile versus pedunculated
Adenomatous polypsAdenomatous polyps
![Page 60: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
aden/o = gland
-carcinoma = cancerous
tumor of epithelial
origin
hepat/o = liver
cellul/o = cell
-ar = pertaining to
squam/o = scaly
-ous = pertaining to
Malignant Neoplasms (C00-C96)
Adenocarcinoma Hepatocellular
carcinoma/hepatoma Squamous cell
carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus
![Page 61: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Which of the following tumors begins in the teeth?A. odontogenic B. leiomyoma C. cystadenoma D. hemangioma
![Page 62: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Laboratory Tests
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)Stool cultureStool guaiac/hemoccult testTotal bilirubin
![Page 63: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Laboratory Tests
AlbuminAlkaline phosphatase (ALP)Alanine transaminase (ALT)Aspartate transaminase (AST)Gastric analysis
![Page 64: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Laboratory Tests
Hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA)Liver function tests (LFTs)Prothrombin time (PT)Rapid urease test
![Page 65: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Which diagnostic procedure would be used to determine if blood was present in the stool?A. total bilirubinB. stool guaiacC. manometryD. fluoroscopy
![Page 66: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
fren/o , frenul/o = frenulum
-tomy = cutting
esophag/o = esophagus
-stomy = making a new opening
fund/o = fundus
-plication = folding
gingiv/o = gums
-ectomy = cutting out
Upper GI ProceduresBarium swallow Frentomy, frenulotomyEsophagoesophagostomyFundoplication, gastroesophageal
Gingivectomy
Barium swallow
![Page 67: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Partsgastr/o = stomach
duoden/o = duodenum
-stomy = making a new opening
-plasty = surgically forming
hyper- = excessive
aliment/o = nutrition
-ation = process of
pylor/o = pylorus
my/o = myscle
-tomy = cutting
Upper GI ProceduresGastroduodenostomy GastroplastyGastrostomy
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
HyperalimentationPyloromyotomy
Gastroduodenostomy
![Page 68: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Procedures
anastomoses vs. -stomy Definition of anastomosis Rules for building terms for anastomoses Terms using a single structure with “-stomy”
![Page 69: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Partsgloss/o = tongue
-rrhaphy = suturing
odont/o = teeth
-ectomy = cutting out
palat/o = palate
-plasty = surgically forming
sialodoch/o = salivary duct
stomat/o = mouth
uvul/o = uvula
Upper GI ProceduresGlossorrhaphyOdontectomyPalatoplastySialodochoplastyStomatoplastyUvulectomy
![Page 70: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Guideline Alert
Bypass procedures are coded by identifying the body part bypassed “from” and the body part bypassed “to”. The fourth character body part specifies the body part bypassed from, and the qualifier specifies the body part bypassed to. Example: Bypass from stomach to jejunum,
stomach is the body part and jejunum is the qualifier.
![Page 71: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
71Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
PCS Guideline Alert
PCS contains specific body parts for anatomical subdivisions of a body part, such as lobes of the lungs or liver and regions of the intestines. Resection of the specific body part is coded whenever all of the body part is cut out or off, rather than coding Excision of a less specific body part.
![Page 72: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
72Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
A sialoadenectomy is a cutting out of:A. a salivary glandB. the gumsC. the roof of the mouthD. a tooth
![Page 73: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
73Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
append/o = appendix
-ectomy = cutting out
cec/o = cecum
-pexy = suspension
colon/o = colon
-scopy = viewing
col/o = colon
-stomy = making a new opening
Lower GI ProceduresAppendectomyBarium enemaCecopexyColonoscopyColostomy
Stoma
Colostomy and stoma
![Page 74: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
74Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
diverticul/o = diverticulum
-ectomy = cutting out
enter/o = small intestine
-al = pertaining to
herni/o = hernia
-rrhaphy = suturing
Lower GI ProceduresDiverticulectomyEnteral nutrition Herniorrhaphy
Enteral nutrition
![Page 75: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
75Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
ile/o = ileum
ureter/o = ureter
-stomy = making a new opening
jejun/o = jejunum
oment/o = omentum
-tomy = cutting
-ectomy = cutting out
peritone/o = peritoneum
-centesis = surgical puncture
Lower GI ProceduresIleoureterostomyJejunostomyOmentectomy,
omentumectomyPeritoneocentesisPolypectomy, GI
![Page 76: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
76Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
proct/o = rectum and anus
-clysis = washing
-scopy = viewing
sigmoid/o = sigmoid colon
par- = near, beside
enter/o = small intestine
-al = pertaining to
Lower GI ProceduresProctoclysisProctoscopySigmoidoscopyTotal parenteral nutrition
(TPN)
![Page 77: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
77Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
Surgical puncture of fluid from the abdominal cavity is:
A. peritoneocentesisB. ileoureterostomyC. TPND. cecopexy
![Page 78: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
78Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Procedures of the Adnexa
Cholangiography Cholecystectomy CholedochectomyCholedocholithotomy
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
![Page 79: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
79Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Word Parts
cholangi/o = bile vessel
pancreat/o = pancreas
-graphy = recording
hepat/o = liver
-ectomy = cutting out
Procedures of the AdnexaEndoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
Hepatectomy
ERCP
![Page 80: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
80Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Review Question
What does the suffix –lithotomy indicate in a choledocholithotomy?A. foldingB. Cutting out a stoneC. washingD. making a new opening
![Page 81: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
81Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Suffixes and Root Operations for the Digestive System
-centesis drainage-ectomy excision, resection-lithotomy extirpation-pexy repair, reposition-plasty repair, supplement, replacement-plication restriction-rrhaphy repair, supplement-scopy inspection-stomy bypass, drainage-tomy drainage, release, division
![Page 82: Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Chapter Five](https://reader030.vdocuments.mx/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d005503460f949d1751/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
82Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Sort these terms into their correct categories
Terms1.
esophagoesophagostomy
2. peristalsis3. stool guaiac4. diverticulitis5. hepatitis
Categories__ A + P__ Pathology__ Procedures