copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. publishing as prentice hall 1 chapter 5 operating system...

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1

Chapter 5 Operating SystemChapter 5 Operating System• System software• Categories of operating systems• OS role in:

– Providing user interaction– Managing the processor, memory, hardware– Interacting with application software– Starting the computer

• Desktop and Windows features• OS role in keeping the desktop organized• Utility programs


System Software: System Software: The OSThe OS 1/2 1/2

• Controls computer functions (hardware, processor, memory, peripheral devices)

• Provides means for software to work with CPU

• Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks

• Provides user interface


System Software: System Software: UtilitiesUtilities 2/2 2/2

• Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks– Backup– Security– Diagnostic– Maintenance – Recovery


Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

• Traditionally included four categories:– Single-user, single-task

• Examples: old DOS, old cell phones, old PDAs

– Single-user, multitask• Examples: Windows 7*, Mac OSX*, smartphones

– Multiuser, multitask• Examples: Windows 7, Mac OSX, UNIX, i5/OS

– Real-time (RTOS) • Example: found in measurement instruments

* Win 7, Mac OSX, etc, are multiuser due to network capabilities.


Real-Time Operating SystemsReal-Time Operating Systems

• Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result

• Uses include:– Automobiles– Printers– VoIP phones– Medical devices– Robotic equipment


Multiuser multitask Operating Multiuser multitask Operating Systems Systems

• If an OS has networking capabilities then it is multiuser and called network operating system

• Allow access to the computer system by more than one user

• Manage user requests• Systems include:

– Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7, Mac OSX– Linux – UNIX – z/OS


Multiuser multitask – UNIX OSMultiuser multitask – UNIX OS

• Multiuser, multitask operating system for primarily mainframes

• Yet also found on PCs

• AT&T Bell Labs created UNIX and then licensed it to Santa Cruz Op.Group

• Vendors can modify the code:– Hewlett-Packard verison is HP/UX– Sun version is Solaris– IBM’s version is AIX


Multi-user multitask Mainframes Multi-user multitask Mainframes SupercomputersSupercomputers

• Other multiuser, multitask computer operating systems:– Mainframes

• Handle requests from hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously

• z/OS is OS of IBM zSeries mainframe

– Supercomputers• Used by scientists and engineers


Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems

Single-Task Systems• Perform one task at a

time• Old PDAs

– Palm OS– Windows Mobile

• Old Cell phone– Proprietary OS

Multitask Systems• Perform multitasks at a

time• Windows XP, Vista,

Win7, Mac OSX originally thought of as single-user but really multi-user now due to networkability


Smartphones Smartphones (single user multitask OS)(single user multitask OS)

• Old cell phone + old PDAs = new Smartphones

• Smartpone OS’s:– Blackberry OS – Nokia Symbian OS - ending 2016; replaced by

Microsoft Windows Phone 7– iPhone iOS– Google Android (is Linux based)– Palm with HP webOS

• It is a computer, phone, camera, Internet browser. Runs apps, including GPS


Desktop and Notebook Desktop and Notebook Operating SystemsOperating Systems

• An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform– Microsoft Windows OS with Intel and AMD

processors– Apple Macintosh OS with Motorola, IBM, and

Intel processors

• OS not interchangeable between platforms• Most Applic. software is platform specific• Note Macs and Windows PCs can be

networked tog.

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

• Originally a single-user OS, but starting with Windows XP, is multi-user OS because it include networking capabilities

• Windows 7 is newest version

• Some systems have touch screen functionality

• Microsoft strived to increased functionality, improve user-friendliness, Internet, and privacy and security



Mac OSMac OS• First commercially available OS with point-

and-click technology (GUI)• Excellence in Graphics display, Processing,

System reliability, File backup• Fewer applications avail than for Windows• More expensive • Can run Windows in “boot camp” utility• Networkable (making it multi-user)

Mac vs. WindowsMac vs. Windows

• Similar functionality• Streamlined user interface• Window-like work areas on the desktop


Mac Windows

LinuxLinux• Linus Torvalds created as a Linus Torvalds created as a

student in college, Finland ‘91student in college, Finland ‘91

• Open-source operating system Open-source operating system (source code is avail.) (source code is avail.)

• Stable system based on UNIXStable system based on UNIX

• Code tweaked by Gnu ProjectCode tweaked by Gnu Project• Free (download from Internet)Free (download from Internet)

– Linux distributors Linux distributors ((Red HatRed Hat, ,

Ubuntu, Fedora, Suse)Ubuntu, Fedora, Suse) sell versions sell versions for the support they provide.. for the support they provide..

• Linux is part of the Open Linux is part of the Open Source set of software (other Source set of software (other such OpenOffice, MySQL)such OpenOffice, MySQL)

• networkablenetworkable 15Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall


What the OS DoesWhat the OS Does

Next 8 slides…•Provides a user interface (see next slide)

•Manages the CPU

•Manages memory and storage

•Manages hardware and peripheral devices

•Coordinates application software with the CPU

The User InterfaceThe User Interface

• Enables you to Enables you to interact with the interact with the computercomputer

• Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces:– Command-driven interface Command-driven interface

(In XP: Start > All Progrs > (In XP: Start > All Progrs > Accessories folder > Accessories folder > Command prompt; In Command prompt; In Windows 7Windows 7, search on , search on “cmd”, press <enter>.)“cmd”, press <enter>.)

– Menu-driven interfaceMenu-driven interface

– Graphical user interfaceGraphical user interface

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Command-driven

Menu-driven

Graphical


Processor ManagementProcessor Management(“interrupt”, “stacks” etc (details) of this slide not required)(“interrupt”, “stacks” etc (details) of this slide not required)

• Controls the timing of events the processor works on– Multitasking– Interrupts– Interrupt handler– Interrupt table– Stack - OS puts reminder where it left off OS puts reminder where it left off

when it was interrupted and did other event when it was interrupted and did other event (task)(task)

System Requirements Windows 7System Requirements Windows 7

Windows 7 w/o Areo:Windows 7 w/o Areo:• 1GB of RAM 1GB of RAM

(Recall: To turn Areo on: (Recall: To turn Areo on: right-click desktop, right-click desktop, Personalize. Select an Personalize. Select an Areo theme.)Areo theme.)

Windows 7 w/ AreoWindows 7 w/ Areo• 4GB for x64 (64-bit) 4GB for x64 (64-bit)

systemssystems• [2GB of RAM for x86 [2GB of RAM for x86

systems (32-bit)], systems (32-bit)], • 128MB of video RAM128MB of video RAM



Upgrade to Windows 7?Upgrade to Windows 7?

Considerations/research needed•For 64-bit sys need 4 GB of RAM•Is support for your current OS expiring soon?•Many times current OS is best fitted to your equipment•Make sure your software and devices are compatible; Recommended that you use Windows 7 Upgrade advisor

– Can download this program. It scans your computer to see what software (and drivers for hardware) are on your computer and whether compatible with Win 7.

– Then if software not compatible, you need to research it to find its update -- or uninstall it.


Virtual MemoryVirtual Memory

• Instructions and data are stored in RAM temporarily as program is running. From there they go to CPU to be executed.

• IF RAM GETS FULL, the data is forced to get stored on hard drive

• This hard drive location is called Swap file (= Page file)

• Terms: swapping = paging– Thrashing – excessive paging or swapping


Hardware and Peripheral Hardware and Peripheral Device ManagementDevice Management

• Device drivers– Programs that enable the operating system to

communicate with peripheral devices– Provided by the manufacturer of the device

• Plug and Play– Hardware and software standard (since Windows

95)– Facilitates the installation of new hardware b/c

Wins OS has many drivers “on file” (Thus you do not have to install yourself usually)

Device Manager Device Manager

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• Learn more before using• XP: right-click MyComputer, Props, Hardware Tab, Device Manager button• Vista: right-click Computer, Props, link at left is Device Manager)



Software Application Software Application Coordination Coordination (this slide NOT required)(this slide NOT required)

• Application programming interfaces (APIs)– Blocks of code contained in the operating

system– Coordinate the operating system with

software applications– Similar toolbars and menus

– Microsoft DirectX


Starting the Computer Starting the Computer (this slide NOT required)(this slide NOT required)

• The boot process1. BIOS is activated.

2. A POST checks attached hardware.

3. The OS loads into RAM.

4. Configuration and customization settings are checked.


Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot Process Boot Process (this slide IS required)(this slide IS required)

Safe mode•When Windows does not boot properly, one can boot into safe mode•IT’s a diagnostic mode where minimal drivers are started up – allowing you to troubleshoot. For ex, from safe mode, you can uninstall any new devices or software that were causing the current issues and then try reinstalling.


The DesktopThe Desktop Covered in Windows 7 Supplement


Windows Windows Covered in Windows 7 Supplement

Viewing WindowsViewing Windows

• Side-by-side

• Stacked

• Cascading

• Flip 3D


Covered in Windows 7 Supplement


File ManagementFile Management

• The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents.

• Hierarchical structure of directories:– Drives

• FoldersSubfolders

» Files

• Windows 7: libraries (for personal documents, pictures, videos)



File ManagementFile ManagementCovered in Windows 7 Supplement


Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

• Many views available – Details (Can sort on various columns,

shows additional info - details)– Large Icon view PPT slides (shows title

slide)– Extra Large Icon view– Tiles view (default view of Computers)– List view– Small and Medium Icon views



File Name Extensions 1/2File Name Extensions 1/2Extension Type of Document Application

.doc Word processing document Microsoft Word 2003

.docx Word processing document Microsoft Word 2007

.wpd Word processing document Corel WordPerfect

.xlsx Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007

.accdb Database Microsoft Access 2007

.pptx PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint 2007

.pdf Portable Document FormatAdobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader

.rtf Text (Rich Text Format)Any program that can read text documents

.txt TextAny program that can read text documents


File Name Extensions 2/2File Name Extensions 2/2

Extension Type of Document Application

.htm or .htmlHyper Text Markup Language for a Web page

Any program that can read HTML

.jpgJoint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.gifGraphic Interchange Format (GIF) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.bmp Bitmap image Windows

.zip Compressed file WinZip

Naming FilesNaming Files• File name: Name assigned plus file name

extension – Ex: You type my paper and Word 2010 saves

it as my paper.docx

• Up to 255 characters• Characters not legal in Windows file

names: “ / \ * ? < > | :• Character not legal in Mac file names: :• Mac file names are case sensitive• (I like to avoid a dot in my file name.)Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35


File PathFile Path• File path or pathname of file (location of file):

• Use /’s or \’s and a : follows the drive namePractice: Navigate to the folder & file specified: • S:/CS101/GO! Student Resource CD (Windows 7)/Student

Data Files (01_student_data_files)• S:/perel/CS101/old stuff/aa_prac/one.txt


Working with FilesWorking with Files

• File management actions– Open– Copy– Move– Rename– Delete

• Recycle Bin (Windows) (files deleted from C: are recoverable.)

• Trash (Mac)

Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

• Utility program Utility program (defin) - small application (defin) - small application program that performs special functions program that performs special functions (“housekeeping” functions, to manage (“housekeeping” functions, to manage resources, customize computer)resources, customize computer)

example: example: Display Properties UtilityDisplay Properties Utility• Change the appearance of: Desktop, Change the appearance of: Desktop,

Win 7/VistaWin 7/Vista: Rt-click desktop, Personalization: Rt-click desktop, Personalization


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Utility - Add or Remove ProgramsUtility - Add or Remove Programs

Called Add/Remove Programs in XP:Called Add/Remove Programs in XP:• XPXP: Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs: Control Panel > Add/Remove Programs

Called Programs and Features in Vista:Called Programs and Features in Vista:• Win 7/VistaWin 7/Vista: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features: Control Panel > Programs > Programs and Features


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Utility - File Compression ProgramsUtility - File Compression Programs

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• Reduce the size of a file Reduce the size of a file by removing redundancies by removing redundancies ((replaces repeated patterns with a shorter placeholder:

TheThe rrainain inin SpSpainain fallsfalls mmainainlyly onon thethe

plplainain.).)– Rt-click on file/folder in Rt-click on file/folder in

C:, Select C:, Select Send to > Send to > Compressed FolderCompressed Folder

– Unzip = extractUnzip = extract

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System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

Disk Cleanup: •Removes unnecessary files•Choose the files to be deleted

– Downloaded program files– Temporary Internet files– Offline Web pages– Recycle Bin


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities

• Disk defragmenter: Regroups related pieces of files

• Error checker: Checks for lost files and fragments


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance UtilitiesTask ManagerTask Manager::

•ctrl + alt + delctrl + alt + del•Unfreeze frozen program Unfreeze frozen program

– ClickClick End Task End Task on on non-responding non-responding

programprogram

•See apps runningSee apps running•See processes runningSee processes running•If ctrl+alt+del doesn’t work, turn If ctrl+alt+del doesn’t work, turn computer off by power button.computer off by power button.


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System RestoreSystem RestoreRestores your computer to how it was on a previous date. •Choose to restore to very last change to your system.•Or choose from a list of dates on the next screen to restore back to.•You are then prompted to restart .)•system restore (Microsoft video)

•You can also create restore points.

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/help/videos/fixing-a-problem-using-system-restore

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/help/videos/fixing-a-problem-using-system-restore

Other Utilities Other Utilities • Utilities for “Utilities for “Maintaining your computerMaintaining your computer” (and ” (and

“Securing your online computer”) “Securing your online computer”) (separate notes)(separate notes)

• Backup:Backup: Creates a copy of the hard drive (or Creates a copy of the hard drive (or specific files) to another storage device specific files) to another storage device – XPXP: Accessories folder > Sys Tools. (Else on Windows CD): Accessories folder > Sys Tools. (Else on Windows CD)– Win 7/VistaWin 7/Vista: Control Panel > Sys and Security, Backup and : Control Panel > Sys and Security, Backup and

RestoreRestore

• Utility - accommodates for disabilities:Utility - accommodates for disabilities:– XPXP: Accessories folder > : Accessories folder > Accessibility Accessibility folderfolder– Win 7/VistaWin 7/Vista: Accessories folder > : Accessories folder > Ease of Access Ease of Access folderfolder

They contain Magnifier, Narrator, speech recognition, etcThey contain Magnifier, Narrator, speech recognition, etc


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copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. publishing as prentice hall 1 chapter 5 operating system...

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old pdas singleuser

smartphones single user

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