copyright © 2008 wadsworth / ch. 12 researching, supporting, and delivering ideas 12 eighth edition

Copyright © 2008 Wadsworth / Ch. 12

Researching, Supporting, and Delivering Ideas

Researching, Supporting, and Delivering Ideas

1212

Eighth Edition


Operation Tailwind ReportStewart Cohen/Getty

Images


TopicDatabases/Internet

Printed MaterialsPersonal Experience

Interviews


Brochures & pamphlets

Books

Magazines & journals

Dictionaries &

encyclopedias

Newspapers

Quotation books

Yearbooks

Printed materials include . . .


Communication & Mass Media Complete

Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center

InfoTrac College Edition

EBSCOHost

ProQuest

Some important commercial databases include . . .

Geri Engberg Photographyv


Not all information on the web is

authoritative

Know where to look or end up wasting

time

Many valuable resources not available

online

Keep in mind . . .

Steve Dunwell/The Image/Getty Images


Prepare rough draft of speech

Consult library for info and key words

Search one or more commercial

databases

© Jason Harris


Avoid the Boolean operator “OR”

Use phrases (enclose titles, common phrases, procedures, or names in quotation marks)

Add words using “+” or “AND”

Exclude words or phrases by using “–” or “NOT”

To narrow your search . . .

Speaker Tips

15,300,000 hits


Avoid “s,” “ing,” or “ed” on search words

Change full names to initials and vice

versa

Check spelling and keywords

Use alternative keywords

Use wildcards

Use fewer search words

Connect words with “OR”

To expand your search . . .

© Jason Harris


Is author qualified?

Is information objective?

Is information accurate?

Is information current?

Ask the following questions . . .

NOVA Development


For broad or complex subjects

Use a hierarchical index search engine such as Yahoo. WHY? They have a subject directory with categories—to find more relevant items!

Use a hierarchical index search engine such as Yahoo. WHY? They have a subject directory with categories—to find more relevant items!

If you use the Internet, search carefully . . .If you use the Internet, search carefully . . .


For broad subjects

For specific subjects

Use a standard search engine such as AltaVista or HotBot. WHY? They search more of the web, index the pages, & determine relevance mathematically.

Use a standard search engine such as AltaVista or HotBot. WHY? They search more of the web, index the pages, & determine relevance mathematically.



For broad subjects

For specific subjects, or . . .

Use an alternative search engine such as Google or AskJeeves. WHY? Each sorts & ranks with a different specialty:

--Google looks for most links to other pages--AskJeeves looks for most authorities--Indeed searches for job openings, etc.

Use an alternative search engine such as Google or AskJeeves. WHY? Each sorts & ranks with a different specialty:

--Google looks for most links to other pages--AskJeeves looks for most authorities--Indeed searches for job openings, etc.



For broad subjects

For specific subjects

For multiple sites

Use a metasearch engine like MetaCrawler, Dogpile, Vivisimo, and Search. WHY? Because they search other search engines!

However, metasearch engines only search 10 – 15% of each website & are highly commercial.

Use a metasearch engine like MetaCrawler, Dogpile, Vivisimo, and Search. WHY? Because they search other search engines!

However, metasearch engines only search 10 – 15% of each website & are highly commercial.

Remember—quality searches require multiple search engines!



Select & contact interviewee

Plan interview using:-- Introduction-- Body (with open-ended questions)--Conclusion

Use results with care

Geri Engberg Photography


Clarification

Proof

Interest

The three purposes include . . .The three purposes include . . .

Want your speech to be interesting, clear, and convincing? Use supports!

© Jason Harris


Use these with care. . .

ExplanationsStatistics


Explanations

Types include . . .Types include . . .

Describe relationships, give definitions, or provide instructions.


Explanations

Statistics


Numbers used to show relationships between items.


Use these more often!

Illustrations

ComparisonsComparisons

Exper

t Opi

nion

Exper

t Opi

nionExamples

Supports Used Too Seldom!


Comparisons


Show differences or similarities between the known and the unknown. Can be literal or figurative.


Comparisons

Illustrations


Factual or hypothetical narratives or stories told in vivid detail.


Comparisons

Illustrations

Examples


Two or more brief references to specific items or real events.


Comparisons

Illustrations

Examples

Expert opinion


Ideas of another person (an expert) either paraphrased or quoted directly.


Look directly at listeners

Appear relaxed

Appear enthusiastic

Appear natural

Smile

Use gestures

Nonverbal suggestions include . . .

Suze Orman

2003 Laura Farr/ZUMA Press


Volume – loudness & softness of voice

Pitch – highness & lowness of tones

Emphasis – – sstressing a word with your

voice

Rate – fastness and slowness of speech

To improve your vocal variety, vary your . . .

Stewart Cohen/Getty Images


Nervousness is normal

If all else fails, fake confidence!

Don’t call attention to errors

Never apologize

Remember . . .

© Roger Persson


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copyright © 2008 wadsworth / ch. 12 researching, supporting, and delivering ideas 12 eighth edition

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