copyright 2005 - 2009: hi tech criminal justice, raymond e. foster police technology police...

Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Police TechnologyPolice TechnologyChapter TenChapter Ten

The Internet and The Internet and Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement


Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Understand the Historical Understand the Historical Development of the Internet,Development of the Internet,

Increased navigation skills,Increased navigation skills, Explore how Explore how law enforcementlaw enforcement has has

used the Internet,used the Internet, Understand how the Internet might Understand how the Internet might

increase efficiency and effectiveness,increase efficiency and effectiveness, View the Internet as an enhancer of View the Internet as an enhancer of

community orientated policing.community orientated policing.


The History of the InternetThe History of the Internet

Licklider’s “Galactic Network”Licklider’s “Galactic Network” Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense

Advanced Project Research AgencyAdvanced Project Research Agency APRANetAPRANet

The First Two Computers “hooked it”The First Two Computers “hooked it” 1972 Computer Communications 1972 Computer Communications

ConferenceConference


Open ArchitectureOpen Architecture

No one “big” network; rather a collection No one “big” network; rather a collection of small networks.of small networks. Each Network has its own designEach Network has its own design

Relies on Transmission Control Relies on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Error checking standardsError checking standards Access points control flow, do not record data Access points control flow, do not record data


Bigger and BiggerBigger and Bigger

Early use was primarily academicEarly use was primarily academic In 1987, Simple Network In 1987, Simple Network

Management Protocol (SNMP) was Management Protocol (SNMP) was adopted to TCP/IPadopted to TCP/IP

In essence the Internet is a system of In essence the Internet is a system of protocols that allow different protocols that allow different networks to “connect.” networks to “connect.”


The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web

The Internet is the system of The Internet is the system of protocols that allow different protocols that allow different networks to connect. The World networks to connect. The World Wide Web (WWW) consists of Web Wide Web (WWW) consists of Web pages that are connected together pages that are connected together via via HyperlinksHyperlinks..

Hyperlinks may take you to pages on Hyperlinks may take you to pages on the same website, or to a website the same website, or to a website halfway around the worldhalfway around the world


Navigating the WebNavigating the Web

A website is a cyber-location A website is a cyber-location created by people to exchange created by people to exchange information – websites may information – websites may consist of a single page, or consist of a single page, or hundreds of pages.hundreds of pages. The first page is referred to as the The first page is referred to as the

homepagehomepage or or index pageindex page The physical site (the hardware) The physical site (the hardware)

storing the webpage is called the storing the webpage is called the Point of PresencePoint of Presence and the entity and the entity providing the Point of Presence is providing the Point of Presence is the the Internet Service ProviderInternet Service Provider (ISP). (ISP).



People (users) People (users) navigate the web navigate the web using a GUI software using a GUI software tool called a tool called a BrowserBrowser..


Websites have an address called a Websites have an address called a domain domain namename. . www.police-technology.netwww.police-technology.net the companion the companion

website for the book “website for the book “Police TechnologyPolice Technology.” .” The domain name is a series of numbers The domain name is a series of numbers

called an Internet Protocol (IP) address:called an Internet Protocol (IP) address: www.hitechcj.comwww.hitechcj.com is 209.35.187.202 is 209.35.187.202 Numbers would be difficult to recall, so Numbers would be difficult to recall, so

software called Uniform Resource Locator software called Uniform Resource Locator (URL) translates the number to names we (URL) translates the number to names we rememberremember




URL

Hot Tip: The Domain Name is the plain language we use to find sites – IP Address is the computer version they use to find each other!



Domain names have Domain names have different parts –different parts – WWW = world wide webWWW = world wide web Police-technology = is Police-technology = is

the namethe name .net is the extension.net is the extension

Domain names have Domain names have extensions that extensions that generally describe the generally describe the entity that manages entity that manages the website:the website: .com or commercial.com or commercial .net or Network.net or Network .edu or educational.edu or educational .mil or military.mil or military .gov or government.gov or government .org or different .org or different

organizations often non-organizations often non-profitprofit



The most common The most common website website programming programming language is language is Hypertext Markup Hypertext Markup LanguageLanguage or or HTMLHTML

Websites often use Websites often use short programs short programs called “scripts” that called “scripts” that make your website make your website interactiveinteractive



Search engines, like Search engines, like Google constantly Google constantly search and classify search and classify the WebPages on the WebPages on the Internet.the Internet.

Once search Once search engines classify the engines classify the information we are information we are able to search itable to search it


Navigating the WebNavigating the Web(Search Engine Basics)(Search Engine Basics)

Search engines Search engines searchsearch, , retrieve retrieve and and classifyclassify information. information.

Search engines use Search engines use software programs software programs called “called “spidersspiders” to ” to crawl the web. crawl the web. Spiders bring the Spiders bring the information back to information back to the search engine the search engine where it is where it is classified.classified.



Boolean logic isBoolean logic is

Typically used byTypically used by

““end users”end users”

to search theto search the

information as itinformation as it

has been classified has been classified by the search by the search

engine.engine.

Boolean operatorsBoolean operators –– AndAnd OrOr NotNot Followed byFollowed by NearNear ““quotation marks”quotation marks”


Web TermsWeb Terms

Webmaster – the person who Webmaster – the person who creates and/or maintains the creates and/or maintains the website.website.

Cookies – information gathered by Cookies – information gathered by a website about a user – often a website about a user – often used to record site settingsused to record site settings

Spam – Unsolicited commercial Spam – Unsolicited commercial email.email.


Web TermsWeb Terms

Hyperlink – Words, information or Hyperlink – Words, information or symbols that contains coding that symbols that contains coding that jumps the user to a new webpage jumps the user to a new webpage when the hyperlink is clickwhen the hyperlink is click

FAQs – Frequently Asked QuestionsFAQs – Frequently Asked Questions


Email and Instant MessagingEmail and Instant Messaging

EmailEmail is transmitting an electronic file from is transmitting an electronic file from one user to another. Like regular mail, it can one user to another. Like regular mail, it can be sent and opened at the user’s convenience.be sent and opened at the user’s convenience.

Instant MessagingInstant Messaging (IM) or (IM) or Internet Relay Internet Relay ChatChat (IRC) is the real-time transmission of (IRC) is the real-time transmission of electronic files (conversations) over the electronic files (conversations) over the InternetInternet


Email and Instant MessagingEmail and Instant Messaging

Generally, email or IM transmitted to Generally, email or IM transmitted to or from an employer’s computer is or from an employer’s computer is subject to unrestricted:subject to unrestricted: InterceptionInterception MonitoringMonitoring AuditingAuditing


ListservListserv A listserv is a A listserv is a

program that program that automatically automatically redistributes email redistributes email messages to users to messages to users to have registered to have registered to the service.the service.

Crimeweb.net is a Crimeweb.net is a sophisticated Listserv sophisticated Listserv used by many law used by many law enforcement enforcement organizationsorganizations


Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement on the Net on the Net

E-government is following e-commerce.E-government is following e-commerce. Most Most law enforcementlaw enforcement websites are websites are

static or one-way systems of static or one-way systems of communication.communication.

Law enforcement use of the Internet as Law enforcement use of the Internet as a means of communicating and a means of communicating and conducting investigations is increasing.conducting investigations is increasing.

While the “open” nature of the Internet While the “open” nature of the Internet does increase interoperability it also does increase interoperability it also raises security concerns.raises security concerns.


Law Enforcement on the NetLaw Enforcement on the Net

Although the Los Although the Los Angeles Police Angeles Police Department’s Department’s website is probably website is probably the largest, it is the largest, it is primarily a one-way primarily a one-way form of form of communication.communication.



Some crime andSome crime and

incident reporting canincident reporting can

be completed over thebe completed over the

internetinternet

What crimes can be What crimes can be reported?reported?

Is this an efficient Is this an efficient and effective tool?and effective tool?



Advanced law Advanced law enforcement enforcement applications involve applications involve real-time crime real-time crime mapping. In this mapping. In this instance, the San instance, the San Diego Police Diego Police Department Department provides real-time provides real-time crime maps to the crime maps to the public.public.



NCJRS hosts one of theNCJRS hosts one of thelargest criminal justice and largest criminal justice and

juvenilejuvenilejustice libraries andjustice libraries and

databases in the world, thedatabases in the world, theNCJRS Abstracts Database.NCJRS Abstracts Database.

The collection, with holdingsThe collection, with holdingsfrom the early 1970s to thefrom the early 1970s to thepresent, contains more thanpresent, contains more than

180,000 publications,180,000 publications,reports, articles, andreports, articles, andaudiovisual products.audiovisual products.



Some commercial Some commercial organizations, like organizations, like policeone.com policeone.com publish news, publish news, articles and product articles and product information directly information directly to police officers. to police officers.


PortalsPortals

Larger Larger government government agencies are agencies are beginning to beginning to

design design portalsportals – – gateways to all gateways to all

government government servicesservices


Community PolicingCommunity Policing

As an technology enhancer of As an technology enhancer of community policing, websites can:community policing, websites can: Enhance servicesEnhance services Increase one-way communicationsIncrease one-way communications Facilitate two-way communicationsFacilitate two-way communications Increase partnershipsIncrease partnerships Enhance problem solvingEnhance problem solving


Community PolicingCommunity Policing

Problem SolvingProblem Solving Increased Increased

communicationcommunication Interactive mappingInteractive mapping Hyperlinks to essential Hyperlinks to essential

services.services. FAQsFAQs Access to web-based Access to web-based

best practicesbest practices

PartnershipPartnership Community Community

participation in content participation in content and design.and design.

Hyperlinks to essential Hyperlinks to essential non-governmental non-governmental services.services.

FAQsFAQs Interactive nature can Interactive nature can

make law enforcement make law enforcement seem more part of seem more part of rather than apart from.rather than apart from.


Police TechnologyPolice Technology

Explore Forensic Science atExplore Forensic Science at

www.forensicprofiles.comwww.forensicprofiles.com

copyright 2005 - 2009: hi tech criminal justice, raymond e. foster police technology police...

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