copyright © 2004 by nelson, a division of thomson canada. unit 6 safety promotion
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 6SAFETY PROMOTION
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The 5 Ws of
Safety
The 5 Ws of
Safety
WHOWHY
WHEREWHEN
WHAT
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In Canada, children under 14:
Over 40,000 are hospitalized each year; 500 die each year
Injuries account for: 32% of deaths for 1 to 4 year olds 41% of deaths for 5 to 9 year olds 52% of deaths for 10 to 14 year olds*
Birth to 19 years of age, death rate is twice as high for boys as girls*
*(Statistics Canada, cited in Canadian Institute of Child Health 2000, 74,106,107)*(Statistics Canada, cited in Canadian Institute of Child Health 2000, 193)
Who Gets Injured?
Who Gets Injured?
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Children’s growth and development
Temperament; gender differences
Use of inappropriate or inadequate environment and/or equipment
Lack of adequate supervision or safety rules
Why Why
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ANYWHERE
ECE programs (e.g., centres) are generally less dangerous places for young children
More serious injuries at ECE programs occur, most often, on the playground
WhereWhere
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ANYTIME, but more likely,
Late morning & late afternoon; spring & fall; when child is hungry or tired
During “relaxed supervision”
When children are in new and unfamiliar situations (e.g., new equipment added)
When there is a change in daily routine
WhenWhen
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Motor vehicle collisions & traffic mishaps
Drowning
Burns Choking, suffocating, & strangling
Falls (# 1 reason for hospitalization)
Poisoning
What What
particular concern in centres
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Promoting Children’s Safety
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HOW?
Training
Physical Environment
Supervision
Safety Rules: A learning process
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TrainingRecommended:Recommended:
Staff have entry level skills; knowledge of child
development, observation skills
Standard first aid & CPR training
Knowledge of reporting procedures for serious occurrences and injuries
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If child is participating in a program:If child is participating in a program:
Death of a child
Serious injury (where a 3rd party is involved in a follow up (i.e., doctor,dentist)
Alleged abuse noticed
Child goes missing (even when found after a short period of time)
Reportable Serious Occurrences
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Any disaster, such as a fire on premises
A complaint of a serious nature concerning the operational, physical or safety standards
Any complaint of a serious nature made by or about a client
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Attend to immediate emergency – get medical attention
Attend to any immediate risks
Immediately report occurrence to Director
Director will conduct inquiry and gather facts
Contact parents or backup designate
(from emergency contact numbers on file)
Procedure to Follow
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Contact provincial/territorial child care office within 24 hours (Director)
Other possible contacts:Police, Fire Department, Children’s Aid Coroner (in all cases of death), Health
Department
Serious Occurrence Form to be completed and filed within the required # of days
Annually review the ECE Program’s Serious Occurrence file; complete the annual summary and analysis report
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Physical EnvironmentOrganize program’s space in such a way to
prevent injuries. Consider:
Furniture Layout of Room
Play equipment: indoor and outdoor
Safety checks
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Infant and Toddler Equipment
CribsCribsRailingsBumper padsPillows
Strings on mobiles
StrollersStrollersBrakesLocking mechanismsSafety beltsDon’t overload
PlaypensPlaypensSecure sides
No stuffed toysOut of direct sun
Height of child
HighchairsHighchairsSafety belts
Locking mechanismsPlacementBlind cords
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Supervision of Children
Maintain educator-child ratio
Adhere to guidelines for proper group sizes
Adjust level of supervision for different activities (e.g., woodworking) and special circumstances and events (e.g., field trips)
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Safety Rules
Before developing rules, consider: Age of child Appropriateness of the activity Potential risks and outcomes Design of environment Previous injuries
Rules don’t play a primary role in injury Rules don’t play a primary role in injury preventionprevention
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When Developing Rules When Developing Rules Remember:Remember: State in positive terms Use clear, simple language Be realistic Enforce in a consistent way Adults are role models Make time to review with children
before activity
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Being Prepared For Emergencies
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Know Where to Locate the Following:
Emergency exits
Posted evacuation routes
First-aid kits
Fire extinguishers & fire alarms
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Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors
Emergency phone numbers: community and parents’ numbers
Blankets and flashlights
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Child Injury Reports
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Child Injury ReportsShould Include:
Name of child Date of birth Date & time of injury Parents notified Description of injury How injury occurred Where injury
occurred Other comments
First aid administered
By whom Further action (sent
home) Child’s level of
participation after injury
Equipment or product involved
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Time & date that director was notified
Staff witnesses Name of Educator Signatures
reporting educator parent
Date
Diagram can be used, when applicable. (e.g., on the following diagram, indicate site of injury with a circle)
Record the following information: