copyright © 2004 by allyn and bacon chapter 5: ethics this multimedia product and its contents are...

Copyright © 2004 by Allyn and BaconCopyright © 2004 by Allyn and Bacon

Chapter 5: EthicsChapter 5: Ethics

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Research Ethics: Research Ethics: What Are They?What Are They? Definition—A set of guidelinesDefinition—A set of guidelines Ethical ConcernsEthical Concerns

– Relationship between Science and Relationship between Science and SocietySociety

– Professional IssuesProfessional Issues Scientific MisconductScientific Misconduct Piecemeal and Duplicate publicationPiecemeal and Duplicate publication Financial conflict of interestFinancial conflict of interest Other issuesOther issues

– Treatment of Research ParticipantsTreatment of Research Participants


Ethical DilemmaEthical Dilemma Definition—deciding if the benefit Definition—deciding if the benefit

of the research is greater than of the research is greater than the cost to the participantsthe cost to the participants

Role of the IRBRole of the IRB– Use of the decision-plane model for Use of the decision-plane model for

making decisionsmaking decisions


Ethical GuidelinesEthical Guidelines Respect for persons and their autonomyRespect for persons and their autonomy Beneficence and nonmaleficenceBeneficence and nonmaleficence

– Goal of research studiesGoal of research studies——minimum harm and minimum harm and maximum benefitmaximum benefit

– IRB ProposalIRB Proposal——review categories in making this review categories in making this decisiondecision

Exempt studiesExempt studies Expedited reviewExpedited review Full board reviewFull board review

JusticeJustice TrustTrust Fidelity and Scientific IntegrityFidelity and Scientific Integrity


Ethical Standards for Ethical Standards for ResearchResearch APA code of ethicsAPA code of ethics Issues raised by the code of Issues raised by the code of

ethicsethics– Institutional approvalInstitutional approval– Informed consent Informed consent

Dispensing with it informed consentDispensing with it informed consent MinorsMinors Passive versus active consentPassive versus active consent


Deception—can be active or passiveDeception—can be active or passive– Ethical objection—involves lying and deceitEthical objection—involves lying and deceit– When can it be used?When can it be used?– When should it not be used?When should it not be used?

Debriefing—postexperimental interviewDebriefing—postexperimental interview– DehoaxingDehoaxing– DesensitizingDesensitizing

Coercion and freedom to decline Coercion and freedom to decline participationparticipation

Confidentiality versus anonymityConfidentiality versus anonymity


Ethics of Ethics of Internet ResearchInternet Research What ethical issues would be What ethical issues would be

involved in conducting a study involved in conducting a study over the Internet?over the Internet?

Go to the web site listed on page Go to the web site listed on page 161 under challenge exercise 3 161 under challenge exercise 3 and answer the questions asked and answer the questions asked after reading the manuscript on after reading the manuscript on this web site.this web site.


Ethics of Animal Ethics of Animal ResearchResearch Animal rights Animal rights

– PhilosophyPhilosophy– ActivitiesActivities

Alternatives to the use of animalsAlternatives to the use of animals Safeguards in the use of animals Safeguards in the use of animals Animal welfareAnimal welfare Guidelines in the use of animals in Guidelines in the use of animals in

researchresearch

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