copyright 2003, paradigm publishing inc
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Copyright 2003, Paradigm Publishing Inc.
Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
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Copyright 2002, Paradigm Publishing Inc.
Topics
Topics
What Does Multimedia Mean?
Going Digital
Digitizing Graphics
Digitizing Sound
Digitizing Video
Creating Multimedia Works
Popular Types ofMultimedia Works
On the Horizon
Artificial Intelligence
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Topics
What Does Multimedia Mean?
images
video
sound integrationof multiple formsof communication
in a singleinterface
text
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Topics
Going Digital
digital media can bereproduced an infinite
number of times with nodegradation of quality
digitizingturning analog data into a data file
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Topics
Digitizing Graphics
Graphics– pictures or images
Created on computer using special drawing softwareDrawn or painted by hand; scanned onto diskDigital cameraTraditional camera; scanned onto disk
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Early Painting and Drawing Programs
Bitmap-graphics (raster image-based) programs– painting programs– create pictures by changing the pixels on the screen
from white to black– great for free-form sketching– pixilated (jagged) look along slopes or curves
Object graphics (vector-based) programs– drawing programs– construct pictures by creating, editing, and combining
mathematically defined geometric shapes– limited in ability to produce free-form, irregular shapes
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Developments in Painting and Drawing Programs
Painting ProgramsRAM storage capacities increased– programs could
handle images with greater dpi
Anti-aliasing– pixels along edge of
image are progressively lightened or darkened
• smooth edge
Drawing ProgramsBezier curve– straight line or curve
that is described by its tangents
• straight lines that are perpendicular to and bisect the line
Freehand tools– draw irregular line
that transforms into bezier curves
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Painting and Drawing Programs Today
MicrosoftPaint
CorelDraw!
Canvas
Adobe Illustrator
Macromedia Freehand
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native format standard format
saving: exporting placing: importingspecific to that
application
Graphics File Formats
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Topics
Graphics File Formats…/2
Bitmaplisting of every pixel
draws a perfect image butit takes up a lot of space
Bitmaplisting of every pixel
draws a perfect image butit takes up a lot of space
Image Compressionrecognizes repeating patterns
a lot less space
Image Compressionrecognizes repeating patterns
a lot less space
JPEGstill
images
JPEGstill
images
GIFsimple
animations
GIFsimple
animations
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Topics
Vector Graphics
storedas
shapesseries
of
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Clip Art Images
GIFformat
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Photo ManipulationRaster image-editing programs– have evolved considerably
• Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photohouse
– stored as raster image• collection of black, white,
or colored pixels
– Tag Image File Format• TIF or TIFF
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Topics
3D Modeling Programs
Shockwave
Dreamweaver LightWave 3D
3D Studio
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Computer Animation
CG FX: computer graphics special effects
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Topics
Digitizing Sound
captured by samplingthe sound
stores the measurementsin binary format
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Topics
Digitizing Sound…/2
WAVErecords sound by storing
masses of binary numbersand measuring exactly
how much voltage to sendout to the speakers
WAVErecords sound by storing
masses of binary numbersand measuring exactly
how much voltage to sendout to the speakers
MIDI(musical instrument
digital interface)simulates musical
instruments
MIDI(musical instrument
digital interface)simulates musical
instruments
MP3takes a wave file
and reducesit 90 percent
MP3takes a wave file
and reducesit 90 percent
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Topics
Digitizing Video
frameeach picture shows
a fraction of movement
frame ratecombining series of images
at a specified speed
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Topics
Digital Movies
high-qualitysound and
picture
will notdegrade
with eachshowing
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Movie Compression Techniques
MPEG is equivalent of MP3 music formatOnly stores portion of screen– changes from previous frame
AVI: older Windows formatMOV: Apple formatFlash: for Web pages
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Increased Movie Piracy
DVDsover theInternet
DVDsover theInternet
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Digital TV
wide selectionof stations
clearer picture
scheduling tools
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High-Definition TV
morelines
morepixels
higherresolution
+ =
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Topics
Creating Multimedia Works
embed speech,graphics, and
video clips intoa document
ExampleAdobe AcrobatPDF documents
multimedia authoringsoftware
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Topics
Planning a Multimedia Work
Consider:– content– audience– purpose– form
Sequential page-based multimediaHypertext page-based multimediaMovie-based multimedia
preparea
storyboard
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Topics
Creating the Content of the Work
Text word processorGraphics painting, drawing, 3-D modeling programs, clip art, stock sourcesImages scannedSounds programs that capture and edit– may contain sound digitizing cards
Video images video editing software– may contain video digitizing cards
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Combining the Elements
text
video
sound graphics
word processorpresentation program
Adobe AcrobatQuickTime
Macromedia DirectorMacromedia Authorware
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Topics
Popular Types of Multimedia Works
game consoles
multimedia PCs
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Artificial Intelligence
develop computersthan can performhuman functions
think
talk
see
feel
walk
learn
Turing TestTuring Testcan the
computer trick
people?
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Topics
Cognitive Science ApplicationsIntelligent Agents– intuitive assistants;
utilize knowledge based on past experience, predictions of future behavior
Expert Systems– knowledge engineer
builds knowledge bases; the inference engine asks questions and draws conclusions
Data Mining– find new ways to use
masses of data stored in databases
Genetic Algorithms– solve design problems;
“survival of the fittest” method
Fuzzy Logic– model human reasoning
by allowing for approximations and incomplete input data
Neural Networks– simulate the physical
workings of the human mind
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Topics
Natural Interface ApplicationsSpeech Recognition– voice commands
Natural Language Interfaces– read a set of news articles on any topic and
understand what has been read; report summary
Virtual Reality– creating a realistic world; immersiveness
Mental Interfaces– sensors mounted on the skull that read the
alpha waves given off by the brain
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Topics
Robots as Androids
Visual Perception– stereoscopic vision, understanding, processing
Audio Perception– sounds to listen to, correct voice to obey
Tactile Perception– pressure, hand-eye coordination
Locomotion– broad movements with changing variables
Navigation– related to visual or perception system
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Topics
On the Horizon
SophisticatedNatural
Interfaces
IntelligentDevices
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Topics