CLEAR process© 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Ways to describe this process ...

PROCESS

Factors that affect this process

Impact on our worldThings the process affects

This process is like ...(metaphor or simile)

Knowledge connection:This process makes you think of...

Because...

photosynthesis

Chloroplasts in leaf traps energy from sunlight and then manufactures chlorophyll.Transpiration causes water to be sucked up into plant and leaves. Leaf mixes chlorophyll with water. Leaf pulls carbon dioxide from air entering through stomata in leaf and expels oxygen back into air; Leaf adds carbon dioxide to the mixture to produce sugary plant food.

Drought reduces water available to plant, so it can’t manufacture food, dries up, and dies.

Bigger plants block sunlight, so plant can’t manufacture food. It stays small or dies.

Process allows plant to live and grow.

Byproduct oxygen produced by plant allows animals (and us!) to breath

Every plant from algae to giant redwood trees constantly supply the world with oxygen. Animals’ breathing produces carbon dioxide plants need. Animals & plants mutually benefit.

Like making cupcakes. Add water & heat energy to cupcake mix, add icing = sugary people food.

spinachspinach is a the greenest plant I can think up, so it must produce a lot of oxygen.

Copyright 2003Edwin EllisGraphicorganizers.com

As the environment changes, the organism’s ability to adapt can change for the positive or negative.

Negative: if an animal has a limited diet; the loss of a food can cause the animal to die out.

Positive: if an animal has the ability to consume many foods; one food dies out, the animal continues to survive.

Adaptation and

Environmental Change

Most adaptations are traits or characteristics that offspring inherit from their parents.

Some animal behaviors are adaptations that are instinctive, or inborn.

Offspring adaptations are determined by genes.

Inherited Traits and Survival

Plants develop structures to benefit them in harsh environments.

Animals develop structures to help them obtain food within their habitat.

Animals use camouflage to blend in with the habitat – this is helpful for both predators and prey.

Surviving in Different

Environments

Plants use bright colors or strong scents to attract insects to carry out pollination.

Animals provide care for their young to ensure survival. Species produce many offspring to ensure survival.

Courtship behavior of animals.

Reproductive Adaptations

AdaptationsAn adaptation is a trait that enables an organism to survive and

reproduce in its environment.

Key things to remember

Is like ...

Note or draw a picture of an example

Important because ...

Is a type or part of ...

Is a member of this group ...

Tern / Name

Semantic Map© 2003 Edwin Elliswww.GraphicOrgani zers.com

photosynthesis

the process plants use to make food

x

leaf traps light energy using chloroplasts; gets water via transpiration

carbon dioxide from air entering via stomata is mixed in to produce sugary plant food

leaf makes chlorophyll and then mixes it with water

byproduct (oxygen ) is expelled from leaf as waste

Plants need sun, water, & air to generate food.

Plants produce the oxygen animals need to breath

Making a cup cake Get mix from store, stir in water, add heat energy (bake in stove) and then add icing = sugary human food

Background knowledge connections

Example

Is a type or part of ...

Is a member of this group ...

Tern / Name

Semantic Map 2© 2003 Edwin Elliswww.GraphicOrgani zers.com

Non-example * Don’t confuse with ...

Is like ...

Features

Features

Features

Draw a picture

transpiration

part of the process needed for plants to make food to live

X

plant roots act like tiny water pipes that stick down in the ground and connect to leaves

dry air sucks water out of the (evaporation), creating suction all the way down the pipes to the roots

water is sucked from soil into the roots and pulled up to the leaf.

dry air in home pulls more water from houseplant leaves,so soil in pot dries out faster.

Don’t confuse with “expiration” which is when something ends or dies.

Is like sucking a straw to get water from a cup into your mouth

This makes me think why I have to water the grass so much during hot summer months.

All those blades of grass are causing a lot of water to get sucked out of the ground and then evaporate.

Bats BirdsFur & leather

Wings

Eat insects

Feathers

Fly

ŅseeÓ via sonic waves

Mouth with teethBeaks

ŅseeÓ via eyes

Awake at night

Claws

Awake during daylight

Sleep sitting up

Sleep hanging upside down

Babies born alive Babies

from eggs

Eyes/Ears

© 2002 Edwin S. Ellis graphicorganizers.com

“See”“See”

Environmental Influences

Biotic (Living) Factors

AnimalsPlants Humans

Abiotic (Non-living)

Factors

Chemicals

Light &Heat

Weather

So what? What is important to understand about this?

Photosynthesis is a series of reactions that uses energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen

Discovery of Photosynthesis Is about …

how the experiments of Van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal that in the presence of light, plants transform C2O and H2O into carbohydrates and release O2.

Which led to the …

Jan Ingenhousz experiment

Led to the discovery that plants need light to produce oxygen

Performed Priestly’s experiment and discovered that the candle only remained lighted in the presence of light

Caused the…

John Priestly experiment

Led to the discovery of the oxygen portion of the photosynthesis equation

Placed a lit candle inside a jar, it burned out. Then, he place a mint leaf inside the jar and the candle remained lit because of the production of oxygen by the leaf

This

Van Helmont experiment

Led to the discovery of the “hydrate,” or water portion of the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis

Created and experiment to find out if plants grew by taking material out of the soil – massed dry soil and a small seed, after five years the mass of the soil was the sameconcluded that the mass of the plant gained came from the water, did not realize air changed it too

REAL world connections Copyright 2003 Edwin Ellis www.GraphicOrganizers.com

Topic:

Gist:

Essential Features

Why this idea SHOULD be part of today’s world

Why this idea SHOULD NOT be part of today’s world

Reasoning …

Ways people cause this topic to occur more

Ways people prevent this topic from occurring

Reasoning …

Reveal key features

Evaluate its value to our world

Analyze reactions

List background knowledge or experiences related to this topic

AND / OR

AND / OR

Sample of genes taken from tissue of living or dead plant, animal or insect

Animal genes inserted in tissue, then inserted into host “mom” animal’s womb

Plants & animals have been cloned. Possible to clone people, but none done yet

Violates natural process of combining male/female genes creates constantly changing life forms – causes evolution of life promotes adaptation to changing environments

Some governments create laws that prohibit cloning of humans Scientists constantly seeking new ways of manipulating & controlling environment

X X

X

Some scientists in Great Britain cloned a sheep.

Makes me think of old science fiction horror movies - may come true!

cloningDuplicating genes to produce an exact replica of a living thing

New data should cause belief to change to...

Ways to bend data....* Ignoring parts that donÕt fit * Selecting parts that do fit * Creating new data that fits * Discounting/rationalizing

Existing Belief

Key Topicis about...

BIG IDEA (What is important to understand about this?)

New Data

Bent Data(to fit existing belief)

Spiders

Common perception that spiders are very dangerous

Spiders bite people Spiders are dangerous Spiders are frightening and repulsive Spiders should be killed

Spiders are harmless except in rare cases, so we should not fear them. Spiders are valuable because they help by reducing insect populations.

All spiders fear humans. 99% cannot bite humans. 4 out of 10,000 species - potentially dangerous. Chances of dying in an auto-crash are over a billion times greater. Spiders are insect predators.

The spider I encounter WILL be one of the dangerous ones.

Because spiders look scary and because of the way movies portray spiders, we tend to fear them without a good reason.

Is about …

BEFORE …

AFTER …

The female butterfly lays about 500 eggs In the spring

Takes 3 to 5 days for the eggs to hatchThe egg must become a caterpillar/larva, and chrysalis/pupa before becoming a butterfly

ALWAYSWords that always describe this topic

Stormy weather, and other disasters keep eggs from hatching

The larva stage can last 12 to 18 days

SOMETIMESWords that sometimes describe this topic

Eggs will not hatch if the environment is unhealthy

Allow kids and adults to over handle the caterpillar or chrysalis

NEVERWords that never describe this topic

4-winged adultlives 2 weeksuses proboscis to eat nectar3 main body parts 6 legsfemale lays eggs so cycle continues

ALWAYSWords that always describe this topic

The adult butterfly does not live for 2 weeks

Nature and people cause the butterfly to live a shorter life

SOMETIMESWords that sometimes describe this topic

Develop without going through each cycle

Live a healthy life if people disturb their homes

Live much longer than 2 weeks

NEVERWords that never describe this topic

What caused the things to change?

A process called metamorphosis caused each change to take place

Butterflies

The METAMORPHOSIS of Butterflies

Is about …

Copyright 2003Edwin EllisGraphicorganizers.com

The Sun

The Center of our Solar System

So what? What is important to understand about this?

The Sun is a star, the center of the solar system, and important for life on earth.

ALWAYS

Stays in the same place

Gives us energy

Helps some part of the earth

A star

Hot

SOMETIMES

It disappearsDay & Night

We cannot see the sun during the day

Solar Eclipse

Stormy Weather

It seems hotter

Seasonal changes

Makes the clouds colorful

NEVER

Moves

Is close to the earth

Cold

A planet

Safe to look directly at the sun