copy of format of research paper

8/8/2019 Copy of Format of Research Paper

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Format of Research Paper

Every research demands acceptable form for consistency and

uniformity. Without specific format, findings are presented in variousforms, leading towards difficulties, inconsistencies and vagueness. To

be clear, precise and scientific, specific format is designed to present

the information. Format gives shape to jumbled ideas and parts of

research/writing. Doing research means not only to gather

information but also learn how to mould its shape in demanded form.To write a research proposal and a thesis, university has designed a

format to different disciplines. For the scholars of literature in

Humanities and classroom teachers, Modern Language Association

(MLA) has developed the style i.e. MLA style which is instrumental to

achieve the goal in research. Written in plain language, it serves as a

guide in all stages of the project. English department has prescribed

MLA style for doing research or writing thesis. So, those who do

research in English department, have to follow MLA style format.


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Use 8 by-11-inch paper and leave the

margin of one inch at the top, bottom and both

the sides of the text. To begin the paragraph,

indent the first word one-half inch (1/2) from theleft margin. But while indenting the set-off

quotations, leave one inch (1) from the left

margin.


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Text Formatting

In the text, the font of letters is twelve andscript is Roman. Justify the lines at the left margin

and do not justify at the right margin. Maintaindouble space throughout the research paperincluding quotations, notes and works cited. Onlysingle space is needed after a period or other

concluding punctuation mark.


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Page Numbers

Number the pages from chapter one inthesis and continue till the end including workscited. Similarly put the page no. on proposal forthesis. Place it on the top of the page right hand

corner, one half (1/2) inch from the top andflush with right margin. The last name of theresearcher has to be followed by the page no. tomake it easier in case of misplacement. Do not

type page no. at the beginning of each chapter.Use a word processor to create a running headwhich consists the last name followed by aspace and the page number.


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Make the title and subtitle of eachchapter bold with twelve fonts. Do notmake the table of contents bold and donot give numbers before the titles.

Italicize foreign words used in anEnglish text and names of books, plays,poems published as books, pamphlets,

periodicals, newspapers, magazines andjournals, web sites, online databases,films, television and radio broadcasts,audio cassettes, record albums, musicalcomposition, works of visual art etc.


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Tables and IllustrationsTables and illustrations can be used in research paper.

Place tables and illustrations as close as possible to the partof the text to which they are related. Give title to the tablesand use Arabic numeral and capitalize the titles. Write thesource of the data and notes below the table in a caption.

For illustrative visual material-a photograph, map, linedrawing, graph or chart, labeled figure (fig.) with Arabicnumeral and a caption is used e.g. Fig.1. If there are many

illustrations in research paper/thesis, put the number oftables and illustrations and set them into the text.


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Paper and Printing

For research, either thesis or proposal, use

white, 8 -by-11-inch paper of good quality and

high quality printer. Use single side of the paper.


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Endnotes and Footnotes

If we use notes for documentation, we may not

need a list of works cited or a bibliography.

Documentation notes appear either at the end of the

text, as end note, or at the bottom of relevant pages,as footnotes. The note referring to source includes

the publication information found in a bibliographic

entry- authors name, the title, and the publication

facts- as well as the page reference identifying theportion of the source you refer to at that point in the

text.


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ContinueEndnotes appear after the text, starting on a

new page numbered in sequence with the

preceding page. Place the title notes one inch fromthe top, double- space, indent one-half inch fromthe left margin, and add the note number, withoutpunctuation, slightly above the line. Type a space

and then the reference. If the note extends to twoor more lines, begin subsequent lines at the leftmargin. Type the notes consecutively, double-spaced, and number all pages.


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Continue

Footnotes appear at the bottoms of pages,beginning four lines (two double spaces) below thetext. When a note continues on the following pages,add a solid line across the new page, two lines belowthe last line of the text and continue the note twolines below the solid line. Footnotes for the newpage immediately follow the note continued fromthe previous page, after a double space.

Example of endnote

Deborah Tannen, You Just Dont Understand: Womenand Men in conversation (New York: Morrow, 1990)52.


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Tannen, Deborah. You Just Dont Understand:

Women and Men in conversation. New York:

Morrow, 1990.

FootnoteFrom culture and Environment: The Training of

critical Awareness (1993), London: Chatto andWindus, 1964.


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Quotation supports the statement we

make in research paper. Reliability of the

paper depends on how we support the

claim by borrowing ideas, views fromothers. The accuracy of quotations in

research is very important. If any change

in original writing is made, it must be

clear to the reader following the rules.Quotation less than four lines is

incorporated in the text within quotation

marks.


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Continue

At the conclusion of Lord of the flies, Ralphand the other boys realize the horror of theiractions:

The tears began to flow and sobs shook

him. He gave himself up to them newfor the first time on the island; great,shuddering spasms of grief that seemedto wrench his whole body. His voice

rose under the black smoke before theburning wreckage of the island; andinfected by that emotion, the otherlittle boys began to shake and sob too.

(186).


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Citing Sources in the text

Parenthetical documentation and the list of

works cited

Apart from the list of works cited at the end ofresearch paper/thesis, a brief parentheticalacknowledgement is needed in the paper toincorporate anothers words, facts or ideas.

Generally the authors last name and a pagereference are enough to show the source andlocation of borrowed material.


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ContinueExample

Medieval Europe was a place both of raids, pillages,slavery, and extortion and of traveling merchants,

monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and activemarkets in grain (Townsend 10).

The parenthetical reference (Townsend) shows thatthe quotations are from page 10 of a work byTownsend. In the list of works cited, it is presented

the following way:Townsend, Robert M. The Medieval villageEconomy. Princeton: Princeton Up, 1993


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Continue

Information Required in ParentheticalDocumentation

Reference in the text must clearly point to specificsources in the list of works cited. The information inparenthetical reference in the text must match the

corresponding information in the entries in the list of workscited. The parenthetical reference must begin with the samename which is used in works-cited-list entry. Identify thelocation of the borrowed information as specifically aspossible. Keep parenthetical reference brief, clear and

accurate. Give only necessary information needed to identify asource; do not use abbreviations such as ed. trans. and comp.after the name. If the authors name is included in a sentence,it is not necessary to repeat the name in the parenthetical pagecitation.


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Continue

Example

In his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin states that

he prepared a list of thirteen virtues (135-37).

Authors name in Reference

It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval

art the attitude of the observer is of primary

importance [. . .] (Robertson 136).


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Before submitting the paper/thesis,

proof reading and correction is needed.

Revise the thesis and reprint if anymistakes are found.


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Binding

Submit the thesis in loose binding for viva. Use

binder clip so that it can easily be removed and

restored. Before the approval of external and

research committee, hard binding is not allowed.


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Electronic Submission

Submit the thesis in software form or CD. The

library provides the facility of computer to read it.


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Sample page


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copy of format of research paper

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