coping with quality issues in it aatif 03 aug 12 final
TRANSCRIPT
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Group
Fa-2011/M. Sc. EM/018 Muhammad Aatif Saif Khan
Fa-2011/M.Sc. EM/053 Muhammad Bakhsh Sial
COPING WITHQUALITY ISSUES IN
IT INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
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INTRODUCTION
Pakistans IT industrys tremendous promise is marred byplethora of issues including but not limited to product,process and quality at the core level and soft issues likeemployee satisfaction and management competenceconcerns.
According to PSEB, out of approximately 1500 registeredcompanies, only 110 ISO 9001, 23 CMMI and 11 ISO 27001certified companies
It demands faculties to evaluating key areas that need
continuous and continual improvements for reducing lossesincurred due to poor requirements capturing, reactiveapproach to the inherent risks in project management, poorcoding quality directly impacting the employee satisfactionand management anxiety through application of technology
management.
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SCHEME OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
Technology Management &Quality
Factors considered
Data analysis
Deductions from Findings
Conclusion
Col. MuhammadBakhsh Sial
Aatif Saif
Aatif Saif
Col. Muhammad
Bakhsh Sial
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COL. BAKSH
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TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT & QUALITY
Theories Analyzed Determinism versus Constructivism
Time line of Invention to Mass Adoption
TDS of technology
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THEORIES ANALYZED The technology determinism perspective considers the relationship of
society towards technological change as an adaptation dictated by the
potential of the technology (Staudenmaier, 1985). On the contrary, "social
constructivism" perspective, includes the approaches known as social
shaping of technology, social construction of technology (SCOT), and
systems approach among others (Mackenzie & Wajcman, 1999; Pinch &
Bijker, 1987; Hughes, 1986).
The experiences and results of different people have been varying in the IT
industry.
Few believe that wheel of technology drives the growth of social norms in
the industry, however, despite, best adopted technological tools, the ERP
implementers have miserably failed in changing the mind-sets and attaining
desired Customer Satisfaction. Very few people really understand the impact of both approaches in the
local IT industry and resultantly, failing to adopt, any one of them has only
led to poor quality standards adherence in the software development.
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TIME LINE OF INVENTION TO MASS ADOPTION
Pakistan is comparatively late entrant in adoption of
information technology.
The earliest intervention of IT came in the form of banking
and air ticketing systems. However, in early 90s, Pakistan
entered in the IT industry with introduction of degree level
courses offered in the universities. Pakistanis entered the
domain with a flash and soon their acumen and skills wereacknowledged across globe.
Due to lesser control & checks over licensed software use at
personal / individual level, Pakistani youth made full use of
pirated software and in a short period laid hands overdevelopment tools.
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TECHNOLOGY DELIVERY SYSTEM
TDS
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AATIF SAIF
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FACTORS OF QUALITY GROWTH IN IT
Processes
Software Development methodologies
Requirements Gathering
TQM in Software Development
Employee Satisfaction
Role of Management
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PROCESSES
Recipe for quality software resides in thematurity of processes & embracing standards at
organizational level
Well defined and truly implemented processes
result in conformance to specifications &
customer satisfaction
On the contrary, poorly defined processes, non-
existence of QMS, management oversight andlack of business acumen lead to utter disaster in
terms of reputation & business
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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES
Software industry has gone through meteoric
changes and many models of software
development life cycle (SDLC) have emerged in
last three decades. Few prefer adopting classical waterfall model but
more aggressive organisations have moved
towards agile development cycle (employing self-
organizing, cross-functional teams).
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SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGIES
Constructivism & Determinism Marriage ofConvenience
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REQUIREMENTS GATHERING
Fundamental objective is listening to Voice of the
Customer and translating them into Voice of the
Engineer emanating into conformance to customerrequirements
It shall happen through qualified business analysts
(BAs) having sound domain knowledge under aFunctional Lead & in close consultation with
Technical Lead
Unfortunately, in Pakistan, companies try to save on
resource cost by employing software developers forrequirements gathering. It results into half-backed
and partially captured requirements since technical
resources seldom correctly translate functional
requirements into technical specifications.
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TQM IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
McCall, Richards, and Walters were the first to study the
concept of software quality in terms of quality factors and
quality criteria.
Software firms pay less attention to quality assurance as it
is frequently the first area that is cut back when deadlines
are missed (Miller, 2007).TQM concept represents a fundamental change in the
definition and treatment of quality in product
development. It has redefined the quality as Everyones
Business
Software companies planning to implement TQM must
have critical mass of employees embracing the TQM
philosophy and methods before jumping onto the
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EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
Employee satisfaction is often linked to career
advancement opportunities, challenging nature
of work, salary & other employee benefits,
positive work environment, flexibility in workschedule / telecommuting, training / educational
opportunities and many more factors.
Due to lack of measures at government level, IT
industry has shrunk in last few years resultinginto cut-downs in employee salaries
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ROLE OF MANAGEMENT
Management has a principal role in ensuring time,cost, scope and quality of software, through well-
defined processes, team work, and empowerment
during the software development life cycle.
Project management decisions are often trickyprecisely because they involve tradeoffs based on
fuzzy or incomplete knowledge. Furthermore, bad
project management decisions, such as hiring too few
programmers or picking the wrong type of contract can
put an organization in poor position (Robert, N.
Charette, 2005)
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DATA ANALYSIS
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Software houses in Islamabad were approached
based on convenient sampling technique for
seeking their inputs.
Quantitative analysis would be perform in order to
measure the quality issues of IT industry of
Pakistan.
We could gathering information related to:
Issues in software quality practices.
Employee satisfaction effects on software
quality.
Role of Project management on software quality.
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QUESTIONERS
Questions include mostly structured questions from
past research papers and software metrics,measurement related books whose references are
given at the end of paper
Metrics and Models in Software Quality Engineering,
2nd (2002)
Effectiveness and relevance of software
documentation by Andrew Forward, University of
Ottawa.
Employee satisfaction surveys, Survey Share
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SOFTWARE QUALITY PROCESSES
Separate
Department
for software
quality32%
No
separate
departme
nt68%
Importance of difference
requirement frequency
Separate department
for software quality
Software Methodologies
frequencies stacked bar chart
0%20%40%60%
80%
100%
Functional
Pe
rformance
Reliability
Usability
Strongly
disagree
disagree
neither agree or
disagree
agree
Strongly agree
Mean Median Mode
Spiral 1.86 1 1
Incremental 2.13 1 1
Rolling Wave 2.14 1 1
Waterfall 2.35 1 1
Agile 2.09 1 1
None 2.03 1 1
Legion
1Never
2
To some
extent
3Not sure
4Mostly
5Always
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PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Has Project
managemen
t education
57%
Does not
have Project
Manageme
nt
Education
43%
Manager with
management
related education
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EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION
0% 50% 100%
Positive work
Appropriate
Training/educatio
Opportunities for
Promoted diversity
Never
To some extenNot sure
Mostly
Always
Why employee
chose to stay with
current employers
Employeerating different
aspect about
current job
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Career advancement
opportunities
Challenging work
Salary
Employee benefits
Less travel
Supervision/management
Strongly disagree
disagree
neither agree or disagree
agree
Strongly agree
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COL. BAKSH
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DEDUCTIONS FROM ANALYSIS
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QUALITY IS NOT GIVEN ITS DUE PLACE
Respondents approached were clueless abouttheories of technology management.
Resultantly, no organisation in totality has
grasped the concept of TQM or QA.
The near absence of quality in software
development results in faulty product
Tight financial position leading to use of
developers as quality control staff
Lack of realization on part of management
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LACK OF TRAININGS
Training of any sort is lacking
Employees have to learn themselves mostly
Large software houses are more likely to provide
trainings to their employees
Sense of complacency results in lack of touch
with emerging trends and knowledge domains
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ABSENCE OF RIGHT MAN FOR THE RIGHT JOB
Software developers are additionally employed in
the roles of business analysts and QA staff.
Not hiring and employing the qualified and
experienced staff ultimately results in budgetaryovershoot, lost time leading to failed projects
Large organizations are more likely to address this
aspect than small organizations
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WORK ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCE ACCESS
Employees satisfaction about resources available
is attributed to:-
Flexibility in work schedule
Desk based needs - an IT person only needs a
machine, internet and loads of work
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LACK OF DIVERSITY
Male : Female ratio indicates lesser preference
for women folk due to cultural issues
Male are considered for employment because of
their flexibility for travelling and late sitting
option.
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SALARY ISSUES
Dissatisfaction of employees in small medium
software houses is linked to salary structures anddelayed salaries payments.
However, in companies with bigger portfolio and
running concerns, the employees were foundsatisfied about pay structure and timely disbursal.
Employees also notified that they are not
compensated often for their extra work in terms
of overtime.
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Q & A
"The best way to have a good
idea is to have lots of ideas.
(Linus Pauling)
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CONCLUSION
Pakistans IT industry has to make their grounds through
focused and continual efforts for improving quality
throughout life of a software development life cycle. The
culture of total quality management would help inreducing costs, improving quality of the product leading
to customer satisfaction, thus increased returns on
investment.
It can only be attained, if those involved in business of IT
industry are well versed with domain of technology
management and willing to apply them
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WHY SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ?
The problem is complexity
Many sources, but size is key:
UNIX contains 4 million lines of code
Windows 2000 contains 108 lines ofcode
Software engineering is about managing thiscomplexity.