COP Refrigerators and Heat Pumps

Reverse Worldhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EahHThBjDB0

Test 2 Starts Friday Oct 18 Ends Monday Oct 21 Late day Tuesday Oct 22

16 Multiple Choice 4 Free Response Give yourself plenty of time!

Entropy is a measure of disorder…

But what does that mean?

Micro vs Macro States

Entropy is about probability.It is very improbable that we will ever observe a process

that decreases the entropy of a real physical process.In the limit as N goes to

infinity, probability becomes fact.

Consider the air in this room.

Entropy – it’s different things to different people

Information (compression) Parking a Car Clutter Thermodynamic

– Quantization

𝑠=𝑘𝐵 ln (𝑤)

Reversible vs. Irreversible Irreversible

– Free expansion (adiabatic-ish)– Heat conduction– Scrambling Eggs, Bar room fight

Reversible– Adiabatic expansion– Constant T expansion (at least for the

gas)– Ice melting (sort of)

Isolated vs Open Systems

Water runs over a waterfall. What kind of process is this?A. ReversibleB. Irreversible

Reversible process - one that works equally well in reverse, one whose effect you can undo

Irreversible process - one you cannot undo or will not spontaneously run in reverse

Pretty much all spontaneous events in nature are irreversible

irreversible reversible scrambling eggs ice liquid at 0oC eating fish

liquid steam at 100oC

Puff Balls

Law of Increasing Disorder (2nd Law of Thermodynamics)

Changes occurring in natural systems always proceed in such a way that the total amount of disorder in a closed system never decreases, and it increases in irreversible processes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4zd4Qpsbs8&NR=1

2 Ne 9:28O that cunning plan of the evil one! O the vainness, and the frailties, and the foolishness of men! When they are learned they think they are wise, and they hearken not unto the counsel of God, for they set it aside, supposing they know of themselves, wherefore, their wisdom is foolishness and it profiteth them not. And they shall perish.

Increase in Entropy = Increase in disorder

f

i

reversible

TdQS

Ice Melting

Isothermal Expansion

Which path has a larger ∆SP

V

B

A

C. The same

D. Not enough information

Quick Quiz 22.6 The entropy change in a free expansion must be zero

because Q=0A. TrueB. False

Non-reversible ideal gas process

i

f

i

fV V

VnR

TT

ncS lnln

Any path will do.Pick one you can calculate!

If an ideal gas undergoes a non-reversible process, which of the

following will be true?A. The entropy will increaseB. The entropy will decreaseC. The entropy will stay the sameD. It depends

Free expansionThe change in entropy for a free

expansion isa)Positiveb)Negativec)Zerod)I do not know

Free expansion

Free expansion followed by isothermal compression

Conduction

HOT COLD

WARM

Ordered

Disordered

Universal Heat Death“This is the way the world ends, not with a bang but a whimper.”

T.S. Eliot

Gospel perspective"every thing restored to its perfect frame"

Alma 11:44