coordinating unsubsidized

Upload: pbrenn

Post on 07-Apr-2018

225 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    1/25

    COORDINATING UNSUBSIDISED

    PRIVATE SECTOR SUPPLY

    CASE STUDY OF BUENOS AIRES

    PATRICIA BRENNAN

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    2/25

    BUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN REGION

    DEMAND EVOLUTION AN MODAL SPLIT

    TRANSPORT SYSTEM

    INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION

    HISTORIC EVOLUTION

    BUS REGULATIONBUENOS AIRES METROPOLITAN REGION

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    3/25

    POPULATION

    Areakm2

    Population1991

    Densityinhab/ km2

    Federal District 200 2.961.000 14.800Great Buenos AiresFirst ring

    3.680 7.950.000 2.160

    Great Buenos AiresSecond ring

    12.287 1.484 121

    TOTAL 16.167 12.395 767

    MOBILITY PATTERNS 1970 - 1995

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    4/25

    In 1970 : 9 million inhabitants performed 17.4 milliondaily trips

    In 1991 : 12 million inhabitants performed 18 milliondaily trips

    Between 1970 and 1991, population increased 37%

    while trips volume raised only 3,7%

    Estimated daily trips for 1995 are 18 million

    MODAL SPLIT AND DEMAND EVOLUTION I

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    5/25

    Massive public transport trips represent 9,5 milliondaily trips:

    20% for rail modes (railways and subways)80% for buses

    Public modal share:

    1970 : 67%1992 : 60%1995 : 53%

    MODAL SPLIT AND DEMAND EVOLUTION I

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    6/25

    Fall in participation (1970-1995) differs amongtransport modes :

    railways : - 7,7%buses : - 21,4%subway : - 20,3%

    In contrast, raise in car ownership in the same period

    is 121%

    MODAL SPLIT EVOLUTION1970-1995

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    7/25

    MODES 1970 1992 1995

    Buses 54.30 49.85 42.70Subway 5.40 3.62 4.30

    Railways 7.00 6.37 6.46Cars 15.40 24.29 34.10Taxis 6.70 3.20 4.05

    Others 11.20 12.67 8.40

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    8/25

    TRANSPORT SYSTEM I

    Road Transport299 bus lines

    25.000 km of routes200 bus enterprises15.000 vehicles

    Railways7 main lines833 km of tracks, 18 % electrified

    1 400 il

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    9/25

    TRANSPORT SYSTEM II

    Taxis

    40.000 taxis20.000 rented cars

    Semi public transport2.200 authorized services

    (contracted buses, charters, rentedbuses)

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    10/25

    INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATION

    Federal Government : part of theroad network (430 km), 145 bus lines

    (10.000 vehicles), suburban railwaysand subway

    Province of Buenos Aires : part of theroad network, 59 bus lines (3.000vehicles)

    F d l Di t i t l l d

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    11/25

    MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES I

    The institutional organization of the transport systemshows an atomization of the regulatory power indifferent jurisdictions acting in a not coordinated way

    Transport agencies work independently in theoperation, administration, regulation and control ofthe transport system

    MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES II

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    12/25

    The system is formed by different networks, withdifferent fare structure and levels of serviceresponding to each agency policy

    For the operators, investments are difficult to plan

    Fare integration systems are difficult to implement

    MAIN INSTITUTIONAL DIFFICULTIES III

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    13/25

    The need to plan, regulate and control the transportsystem in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires with

    a single jurisdiction sense has deserved, without anysuccess, the permanent attention of the authorities andexperts in the last decades

    HISTORIC EVOLUTION I

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    14/25

    Before 1936 : tramways, subways and busescompetition. In 1928 appears the first colectivo

    1936 - 1948 : urban transport operated by a privatecorporation with the control of tramway and subwayenterprises

    1948 - 1960 : stated owned Transportes de BuenosAires (TBA) was the only operator of the system

    HISTORIC EVOLUTION II

    1960 - 1963 : tramway and bus systems were privatized

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    15/25

    Privatization process was by bidding where TBA

    workers offered their work compensations to get thelines

    Tramways were replaced by buses

    State regulation was established by Presidential Decree

    HISTORIC EVOLUTION III

    1963 - 1997 : capital concentration process takes place.Less partners inside enterprises and less enterprises

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    16/25

    operating the services. This process is more intensive inthe last 5 years

    1991 - 1995 : suburban railways and subwaysoperations were privatized

    Some bus enterprises are partners of the suburban

    railway and subway concessionaires

    MAIN BUS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS I

    Frequencies are between 3 and 4 minutes in peakhours. All lines run 24 hours in the main route

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    17/25

    Minimun fare is U$S 0.65, maximun fare is U$S 1.35being the average fare U$S 0.85. Minimun salary is

    U$S 500

    Enterprises employ 3.5 people per vehicle. Each busruns 80.000 km per year. Every day 95% of the fleet ison service

    MAIN BUS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS II

    Bus enterprises receive no subsidy

    68% of the users think that the service is good or verygood. 71% of them think that fares are cheap or right

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    18/25

    Average size of the fleet by companie is 80 vehicles. In

    general each enterprise has one line. There are twogroups that have 7 lines and more than 500 buses each

    Bus network is highly dense and competitive betweenlines and enterprises

    BUS REGULATION I

    Government gives 10 years permits

    Permits can be obtained by bidding process or bypermit renewal

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    19/25

    Entrance to the market is restricted and byGovernment decision

    Minimun assets and infrastructure is required

    BUS REGULATION II

    Routes, number of vehicles per route and servicefrequencies are established

    Types of services : common, high quality and express

    High quality and express services are optional

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    20/25

    Fares are determined by Government (based on

    distance). High quality services have free fare. Expressservices fares are 25 - 50% higher than fares ofcommon services

    BUS REGULATION III

    Vehicle technical aspects and age limit are establishedby laws

    Vehicle technical inspection is required (each 6months)

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    21/25

    Special driving license for drivers is required (renewaleach 2 years)

    Vehicle and passengers insurance are established

    BUS REGULATION IV

    Routes and vehicle number may change

    To change routes, demand studies are needed

    Benefits to users (i.e. savings in walking distances andtransport costs) are measured as well as loss inpassengers for the competitive lines

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    22/25

    Final analysis determines whether it is appropiate to

    allow changes or not

    CONTROL

    A group of inspectors control either in the field or at

    companies headquarters :

    Frequencies

    Routes

    Vehicle technical standards

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    23/25

    Drivers behaviour

    USERS COMPLAINTS

    A toll free number is available for information andcomplaints

    Claims give information for the control

    Claims are classified and used for statistical purposes

    Enterprises can also complain about competitivecompanies behaviour

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    24/25

    REGULATION STAFF

    Permits regulation 15Control 30Vehicle regulation 8

    Users complaints 8Driving license 5

    Driving license exams and vehicle technical inspectionshave been privatized, being supervised by theGovernment

  • 8/3/2019 Coordinating Unsubsidized

    25/25