cooper basin unconventional gas prospectivity review · cooper basin unconventional gas...

Cooper Basin Unconventional Gas

Prospectivity Review

Lisa Hall 1, Tony Hill 2, Liuqi Wang1, Tehani Kuske1, Dianne Edwards1, Alison

Troup 3, Chris Boreham1

1 Geoscience Australia, ACT

2 Department of State Development (previously DMITRE), SA

3 Geological Survey Queensland, QLD

Thanks to 3D Geo: Jim Preston

Cooper Basin

• Revival in unconventional hydrocarbon

exploration

• Permian targets: shale gas, basin centred

gas, deep coal seam gas plays.

• Unconventional gas resources potential

across all basin remains poorly defined.

Cooper Basin Unconventional Gas Prospectivity

• Australia’s largest onshore conventional

gas and oil producer (QLD, SA)

• Infrastructure: pipelines to E Coast gas

market/ Gladstone LNG

Image source: DMITRE

Depocentre

Oil Pipeline

Gas Pipeline

Gas fields

Oil fields

Permits 02/10/13

Exploration Permit

Gazettal

Production License

Retention License

Nappamerri Trough:

Proven flow from

multiple unco. gas

targets Moomba 191,

194, Encounter 1,

Holdfast 1

Windorah Trough:

Tamarama 1 and

Queenscliff 1; gas

saturated section off

structure

Cooper Basin Unco. Gas Prospectivity Review

Project Aims

Review of basin geology and petroleum systems elements, focusing on

unconventional gas plays in the Permian

1. Review of regional basin architecture (structure surfaces, isopachs)

2. Evaluation of Permian source rocks

• Source distribution, type, quality

• Source maturity (petroleum systems modelling)

3. Predict the possible extent of Permian unconventional gas plays:

• Play fairway / chance of success maps


Improve understanding of basin scale prospectivity

Australia source rock study

Underpin future resource assessment studies

Structural Elements/

Tectono-stratigraphy


Base Cooper

Depth

91 m

-4497

Permian Shows


• High resistivity of the Gidgealpa Group

(>20Ωm over large intervals) => gas

saturation (Hillis et al., 2001)

• Tests recovered gas with no water

• Overpressure

Gidgealpa Gp – basin centred gas

Nappamerri Gp - seal

A B

A

B

Image source: DMITRE

Cooper Basin Unconventional Gas Plays

Cooper Basin Unconventional Hydrocarbon Prospectivity Atlas

Shale Gas Play

• Hosted in shales/ fine siltstones

• Self sourced hydrocarbons

• Trapping mechanism: partly a

sorbed gas reservoir

• Gas generation rate exceeds

primary migration

Basin Centred Gas Play

(Pervasive tight gas)

• Hosted in low perm sands

• Migrated hydrocarbons

• Trapping mechanism: relative

perm. of gas and water in low

perm. reservoirs

• Primary mig. rate > secondary

mig. rate

Coal Seam Gas Play (Dry)

• Coal hosted

• Self sourced hydrocarbons

• Trapping mechanism: primarily a

sorbed gas reservoir

• Primary mig. rate > secondary

mig. rate

Shale gas Deep CSG BCG Source Seal Reservoir

Conventional Unconventional Gas Plays

Gid

ge

alp

a G

p

Roseneath

Murteree

Toolachee

Patchawarra


Unco. play types:

1) Basin centred gas

2) Shale gas

3) Deep coal seam gas

Gidgealpa Gp composite resource play: Basin centred gas accumulation +/- shale +/-

deep coal seam gas +/- natural fracture play

(Menpes et al., URTec, 2013)



Gid

ge

alp

a G

p

Roseneath

Murteree

Toolachee

Patchawarra

Basin Architecture

• Regional update of key

structure surfaces and isopachs

• Better integration of datasets

across the state border

• Update of older interpretations

in QLD to incorporate new

seismic and well picks


Draft regional 3D basin model

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Top Roseneath Clip1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

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Top Daralingie Clip1500 2000 2500 3000

100 km

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Top Toolachee Clip1500 2000 2500 3000

100 km

u29945 Nov 24 2014

New Structure Surfaces


=> Defines limit of Gidgealpa

hybrid play

Toolachee Daralingie Roseneath

Epsilon Murteree Patchawarra

DRAFT

Regional Reservoir/ Seal


Gidgealpa Gp Isopach Hybrid Play

Gross Reservoir Thickness

Nappamerri Gp Isopach

Regional Seal Thickness

Thickness

1833 m

0

Patchawarra Sands (Heath, 198x)

• POROSITY < 9%

• PERMEABILITY <0.1mD (tight

gas reservoirs)

100-300m >1000m

>400m

>400m

Source Rock

Characterisation

Toolachee/ Patchawarra:

• Coals/ shales (TOCs: 1 – 80%)

• HI values >250

• Type II/III kerogen => Good to

very good oil + gas source

potential

Roseneath/ Murteree “shales”

• Majority of TOCs 0.8 - 12 %

• HI’s < 200

• Type III kerogen => Gas prone

Toolachee/ Patchawarra – the best

quality source rocks

Some potential in the Roseneath/

Murteree

Toolachee

Formation

Patchawarra

Formation

Roseneath

Shale

Murteree

Shale


Source Rock

Distribution


• Compare isopachs with

viable source rock samples

• Good source distribution

across all formation extents

• Toolachee/

Patchawarra: good

source distribution

across all basin

• Roseneath/ Murteree

“shales”: Restricted to

southern Cooper Basin,

although some potential

north of the JNP trend

• Further integration with

facies mapping still required

Average TOC %

2 - 5

6 - 10

10 - 20

20 - 30

>30

Roseneath Shale Murteree Shale

Toolachee Formation Patchawarra Formation

Av TOC: 9.1% Av TOC: 8%

Av TOC: 21% Av TOC: 24%

Petroleum Systems Modelling

• Multi-1D basin modelling study in

progress: (Trinity-Genesis).

• 91 1D genesis models.

Calibration: Corr. temp., VR

etc.

• New compositional kinetic

models (Mahlstedt et al., in

prep)

• Major differences in thermal

history between depocentres

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.61.6

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2

2

300 400 500 600 700 800

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

7300

Alkina_1

Andree_1

Arrabury _1

Ballat_1

Barrolka_1Barrolka_East_1

Bary ulah_1

Beanbush_1

Boldrewood_1

Bundeena_1

Buny a_1

Burley _2

Callabonna_1

Chandos-1

Cook_North_1

Coonatie_2

Cuddapan-1

Cumbroo_1

Cuttapirrie_1

Daralingie_5

Dilchee_1

Doonmulla_1

Dullingari_1

Durham Downs-1

Encounter_1

Ethel_1

Gidgealpa_16

Gilpeppee-1

Holdf ast_1

Ingella_1

Innamincka_3

Jack_Lake_1

Jackson South-1

Juniper-1

Keilor-1

Kenny _1

Kidman_2

Kirby _1

Kurunda_1

Lamdina_1

MacKillop_1

Macadama-1Mahl-1

Marengo_1

Marradong_1

McKinlay _1

McLeod_1Merrimelia_7

Mingana_1

Moomba_27

Moothandella-1

Mt Howitt-1

Mundi_1Munkarie_1

Nealy on-1

Nockatunga-2Nulla_1

Packsaddle_3

Padulla_1

Paning_1

Pepita_1

Perenty _1

Pinna_1

Pondrinie_1

Regleigh_1

Russel_1

Spencer_2

Springf ield-1

Strathmount_1

Strzelecki_1

Tallalia-1

Tartulla_1

Teedeeldee_1

Three_Queens_1

Ticklara_2

Tindilpie-10

Tinga_Tingana_1

Tinpilla-1

Tintaburra_1

Tirrawarra_1Tirrawarra_North_1

Toolachee_1

Verona-1

Wantana_1

Wareena_1

Warnie_East_1

Wemy ss_1

Whanto_1

Wippo-1

Wolgolla_1

Wooloo_1

Mid Toolachee Vitrinite Ro 0 Ma Clip

0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

120 km

u29945 Nov 26 2014

0.8

0.8

0.8 0.8 0.8

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

111

1 11

1.2

1.21.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2

2.2

2.2

2.42.43

300 400 500 600 700 800

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

7300

Alkina_1

Andree_1

Arrabury _1

Ballat_1


Bary ulah_1

Beanbush_1

Boldrewood_1

Bundeena_1

Buny a_1

Burley _2

Callabonna_1

Chandos-1

Cook_North_1

Coonatie_2

Cuddapan-1

Cumbroo_1

Cuttapirrie_1

Daralingie_5

Dilchee_1

Doonmulla_1

Dullingari_1

Durham Downs-1

Encounter_1

Ethel_1

Gidgealpa_16

Gilpeppee-1

Holdf ast_1

Ingella_1

Innamincka_3

Jack_Lake_1

Jackson South-1

Juniper-1

Keilor-1

Kenny _1

Kidman_2

Kirby _1

Kurunda_1

Lamdina_1

MacKillop_1

Macadama-1Mahl-1

Marengo_1

Marradong_1

McKinlay _1


Mingana_1

Moomba_27

Moothandella-1

Mt Howitt-1

Mundi_1Munkarie_1

Nealy on-1

Nockatunga-2Nulla_1

Packsaddle_3

Padulla_1

Paning_1

Pepita_1

Perenty _1

Pinna_1

Pondrinie_1

Regleigh_1

Russel_1

Spencer_2

Springf ield-1

Strathmount_1

Strzelecki_1

Tallalia-1

Tartulla_1

Teedeeldee_1

Three_Queens_1

Ticklara_2

Tindilpie-10

Tinga_Tingana_1

Tinpilla-1

Tintaburra_1


Toolachee_1

Verona-1

Wantana_1

Wareena_1

Warnie_East_1

Wemy ss_1

Whanto_1

Wippo-1

Wolgolla_1

Wooloo_1

Top Roseneath Vr Ro(%) 0 Ma0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

120 km

u29945 Nov 26 2014

0.6

0.8

0.8

1

11

1

1

1

1 1

1 1

1

1.2 1.21.2

1.2

1.2

1.4 1.4

1.41.6

1.8

2

2

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.62.6

3

3

300 400 500 600 700 800

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

7300

Alkina_1

Andree_1

Arrabury _1

Ballat_1


Bary ulah_1

Beanbush_1

Boldrewood_1

Bundeena_1

Buny a_1

Burley _2

Callabonna_1

Chandos-1

Cook_North_1

Coonatie_2

Cuddapan-1

Cumbroo_1

Cuttapirrie_1

Daralingie_5

Dilchee_1

Doonmulla_1

Dullingari_1

Durham Downs-1

Encounter_1

Ethel_1

Gidgealpa_16

Gilpeppee-1

Holdf ast_1

Ingella_1

Innamincka_3

Jack_Lake_1

Jackson South-1

Juniper-1

Keilor-1

Kenny _1

Kidman_2

Kirby _1

Kurunda_1

Lamdina_1

MacKillop_1

Macadama-1Mahl-1

Marengo_1

Marradong_1

McKinlay _1


Mingana_1

Moomba_27

Moothandella-1

Mt Howitt-1

Mundi_1Munkarie_1

Nealy on-1

Nockatunga-2Nulla_1

Packsaddle_3

Padulla_1

Paning_1

Pepita_1

Perenty _1

Pinna_1

Pondrinie_1

Regleigh_1

Russel_1

Spencer_2

Springf ield-1

Strathmount_1

Strzelecki_1

Tallalia-1

Tartulla_1

Teedeeldee_1

Three_Queens_1

Ticklara_2

Tindilpie-10

Tinga_Tingana_1

Tinpilla-1

Tintaburra_1


Toolachee_1

Verona-1

Wantana_1

Wareena_1

Warnie_East_1

Wemy ss_1

Whanto_1

Wippo-1

Wolgolla_1

Wooloo_1

Top Epsilon Vitrinite Ro(%) 0 Ma

0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

120 km

u29945 Nov 26 2014

0.6

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.8

1

1

1

1

1 1

11

1

1

1

11 1

1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.21.2

1.21.2

1.4

1.4

1.4 1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.61.6

1.6

1.6 1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2

2 22.22.42.62.83

3.2

3.2

3.43.4

300 400 500 600 700 800

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

7300

Alkina_1

Andree_1

Arrabury _1

Ballat_1


Bary ulah_1

Beanbush_1

Boldrewood_1

Bundeena_1

Buny a_1

Burley _2

Callabonna_1

Chandos-1

Cook_North_1

Coonatie_2

Cuddapan-1

Cumbroo_1

Cuttapirrie_1

Daralingie_5

Dilchee_1

Doonmulla_1

Dullingari_1

Durham Downs-1

Encounter_1

Ethel_1

Gidgealpa_16

Gilpeppee-1

Holdf ast_1

Ingella_1

Innamincka_3

Jack_Lake_1

Jackson South-1

Juniper-1

Keilor-1

Kenny _1

Kidman_2

Kirby _1

Kurunda_1

Lamdina_1

MacKillop_1

Macadama-1Mahl-1

Marengo_1

Marradong_1

McKinlay _1


Mingana_1

Moomba_27

Moothandella-1

Mt Howitt-1

Mundi_1Munkarie_1

Nealy on-1

Nockatunga-2Nulla_1

Packsaddle_3

Padulla_1

Paning_1

Pepita_1

Perenty _1

Pinna_1

Pondrinie_1

Regleigh_1

Russel_1

Spencer_2

Springf ield-1

Strathmount_1

Strzelecki_1

Tallalia-1

Tartulla_1

Teedeeldee_1

Three_Queens_1

Ticklara_2

Tindilpie-10

Tinga_Tingana_1

Tinpilla-1

Tintaburra_1


Toolachee_1

Verona-1

Wantana_1

Wareena_1

Warnie_East_1

Wemy ss_1

Whanto_1

Wippo-1

Wolgolla_1

Wooloo_1

Mid Patch Vitrinite Ro(%) 0 Ma Clip

0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

120 km

u29945 Nov 26 2014

Toolachee Roseneath

Murteree Patchawarra

0.8

0.8

0.8

0.80.8

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.21.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8 2

2

300 400 500 600 700 800

6800

6900

7000

7100

7200

7300

Alkina_1

Andree_1

Arrabury _1

Ballat_1


Bary ulah_1

Beanbush_1

Boldrewood_1

Bundeena_1

Buny a_1

Burley _2

Callabonna_1

Chandos-1

Cook_North_1

Coonatie_2

Cuddapan-1

Cumbroo_1

Cuttapirrie_1

Daralingie_5

Dilchee_1

Doonmulla_1

Dullingari_1

Durham Downs-1

Encounter_1

Ethel_1

Gidgealpa_16

Gilpeppee-1

Holdf ast_1

Ingella_1

Innamincka_3

Jack_Lake_1

Jackson South-1

Juniper-1

Keilor-1

Kenny _1

Kidman_2

Kirby _1

Kurunda_1

Lamdina_1

MacKillop_1

Macadama-1Mahl-1

Marengo_1

Marradong_1

McKinlay _1


Mingana_1

Moomba_27

Moothandella-1

Mt Howitt-1

Mundi_1Munkarie_1

Nealy on-1

Nockatunga-2Nulla_1

Packsaddle_3

Padulla_1

Paning_1

Pepita_1

Perenty _1

Pinna_1

Pondrinie_1

Regleigh_1

Russel_1

Spencer_2

Springf ield-1

Strathmount_1

Strzelecki_1

Tallalia-1

Tartulla_1

Teedeeldee_1

Three_Queens_1

Ticklara_2

Tindilpie-10

Tinga_Tingana_1

Tinpilla-1

Tintaburra_1


Toolachee_1

Verona-1

Wantana_1

Wareena_1

Warnie_East_1

Wemy ss_1

Whanto_1

Wippo-1

Wolgolla_1

Wooloo_1

Top Toolachee Vitrinite 0 Ma Clip

0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.2 2.4

120 km

u29945 Nov 26 2014

Cooper

Trinity

Model

Vitrinite Ro(%)

Windorah Trough/

Ullenbury Depression

Gas mature



Unco. play types:

1) Basin centred gas

2) Shale gas

3) Deep coal seam gas

Gidgealpa Gp composite resource play: Basin centred gas accumulation +/- shale +/-

deep coal seam gas +/- natural fracture play

(Menpes et al., URTec, 2013)



Gid

ge

alp

a G

p

Roseneath

Murteree

Toolachee

Patchawarra

Composite Resource Play - Selection Criteria

Play element Input Dataset Best estimate

Source

(thickness and

TOC)

Toolachee/

Patchawarra

isopachs and TOC

maps

Toolachee OR

Patchawarra

>15m thick AND

>2% TOC

Source

maturity

Maturity maps Wet gas (VR =

1.2) at top

Patchawarra

Reservoir

thickness

Gidgealpa Gp

Isopach

>100- 200m

Seal thickness Nappamerri Gp

isopach

>80-100m

INP

UT

GR

IDS

O

UT

PU

T

Overpressure > 0.45psi/ft

TOC > 2

1.1%<Ro<3.5%

Play elements missing:

• Reservoir quality

• Seal quality

• Migration distance

+ uncertainty due to data quality/ level of

knowledge

Relative Chance

of Success

High

Low


Gidgealpa Composite Resource Play -

Play Fairway Map

Relative Chance

of Success

High

Low

QLD potentially prospective

but higher uncertainty due

to limited data

Still lots of potential for other play

types in outside the play fairway!

Moomba production

• First draft play fairway map:

• Nappamerri Trough and

surrounds

• Areas in northern

Queensland

• Extent of gas window major

limiting factor

DRAFT

• Revisions required to include:

• Updated basin architecture

• New maturity maps

• Improved common risk

segment selection criteria

Tamarama 1 and

Queenscliff 1; gas

saturated section

off structure


SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering)

Pilot Study

Aim: use SANS/ USANS to investigate pore

sizes/ pore fluids within source rocks to

determine their petroleum potential.

• Assess pore accessibility (1 nm to 20 µm) to HCs

• Measure quantitatively the pore-size-dependent

adsorption and desorption of methane

• Observe changes in pore sizes and connectivity

under reservoir simulated conditions while

fracturing rock

Determine which source rocks can

produce HCs

Determine rock properties before and after

induced fracture

Determine what resource is recoverable

Kidman 1

Moomba 27

Burley 2


Summary of Results To Date

• Revised basin architecture

• Plenty of good quality, mature

source rock across the basin.

• Draft play fairway map for the

Gidgealpa Group composite

resource play:

• Potential for significant

amounts of unconventional

GIP in the Permian section

across the basin,

• Further updates to come.

• Pilot SANS project to investigate

what is recoverable – future work

program?

DRAFT


Phone: +61 2 6249 9111

Web: www.ga.gov.au

Email: [email protected]

Address: Cnr Jerrabomberra Avenue and Hindmarsh Drive, Symonston ACT 2609

Postal Address: GPO Box 378, Canberra ACT 2601

Questions/ feedback?

Contact: [email protected]

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