coolrunner ™ -ii cplds in cell phone security. quick start training overview application example:...
TRANSCRIPT
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CoolRunner ™ -II CPLDs in
Cell Phone Security
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Quick Start Training
Overview
• Application Example: Cell Phone Security• Feature Overview• Shadow RAM based CPLDs• Background Mode Programming• Demonstration
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Quick Start Training
Wall Street Journal Article
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Quick Start Training
Application Example: Cell Phone Security
• SIM based cell phones such as those in Europe are a high priority target for thieves
• User is identified by SIM card in phone
• Thief steals phone, removesSIM
• Sells phone
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Quick Start Training
Subscriber Identity Module (SIMs)
E2PROM
RAM
CPU
ROM I/O
RST
CLK
VCC
GND
SMART CARD Technology
• Subscriber Identity Module block diagram– ISO 7816 for original– New models: UIM, R-UIM
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Quick Start Training
Bullet Proof Security?
• Absolute security is just not possible– With enough time, money and resources, determined
thieves can always find a way
• However...– By increasing the difficulty/risk of the theft, it is
possible to increase the ‘cost’ of the crime such that it is not economically viable
• How can CoolRunner-II CPLDs help?
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Quick Start Training
CoolRunner-II CPLD Advanced Features
• CoolRunner-II CPLDs contain “designer friendly” new features that add value to the CPLD product line– DualEdge Flip Flops– Clock Divider– Schmitt Trigger inputs– DataGATE– Four levels of security– OTF Reconfiguration
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Quick Start Training
• Traditional CPLDs - bipolar sense amp product terms– Always consumes power
– Even at standby– Performance is traded for
power consumption as devices get larger
• CoolRunner-II RealDigital design uses 100% CMOS for product terms– Virtually no standby current– Combines high performance &
ultra low power– No power limits on device size
RealDigital™ Design Advantage
RealDigital : CMOS Everywhere - Zero Static Power
C
BA
D
Sense amplifier 0.25mA each - Standby Higher ICC at Fmax
A B C
Turbo vs Non TurboLarger R = slower response
& less powerVcc
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Quick Start Training
RealDigital Configuration Method
• Sense amplifiers are required to read from NV memory• Once configuration data captured in SRAM cell, NV
memory is turned off
C
BA
D
Vdd
A
A
From non-volatile
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Quick Start Training
Two Configuration Storage Areas
• At time of power up (or ISP forced initialization) data is transferred from NV block to SRAM block
• After initialization, NV block contents have no influence on device operation• NV Block may be modified while part is running, with no effect on operation of
PLD• Data transfer from NV to SRAM occurs in ~30 to 200 us
100101100101001110101010101011110NV SRAM
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Quick Start Training
An Opportunity for Innovation
• Since the operation of the device is controlled completely by the SRAM contents, and
• Since the EE portion of the device has no bearing on the operation of the CPLD once configuration is complete, therefore:
• It is possible to reprogram the NV portion of the CPLD while the CPLD is running and fully operational!
• This background mode programming is known as On The Fly (OTF) reconfiguration
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Quick Start Training
Take a Byte Out of Crime….• Insert CoolRunner-II CPLD into
mission critical aspect of phone, and interface to SIM card
E2PROM RAM
CPU ROM
I/O
RST
CLKVCC
GNDCoolRunner-II
JTAG
Microproc.JTAG
SIM
Mission CriticalFeature
Keyboard, display interface, or RF controller
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Quick Start Training
Basic Handset Flow
Phone operable
SIM Match?Y
Enter User Code
Code Match?YAccept New
SIMN
N
Perform Self Erase
• User must know security code to switch out SIM cards
• Incorrect code results in disablement
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Quick Start Training
Self Erase
• CoolRunner-II CPLD can operate independent of NV contents or manipulation of NV memory
• CPLD can modify its own contents as part of the normal operation
• Three I/O pins are tied to TDI, TMS, TCK• These three pins manipulate the JTAG signals to
produce a bulk erased device
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Quick Start Training
Self Erase (cont.)• Simple state machine indexes through and drives
TDI,TMS, and TCK.• Some timers exist to produce required ‘burn time’
delays.• After programming EE array, device initiates an ‘Init’
command• Part erases itself using design requiring only 27mc
(75 states and a few timers)• Easily fits into smallest CoolRunner-II CPLD
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Quick Start Training
Generation of OTF Files
• Obviously, self erase is a small, intensely specific application• How would other, more complicated
reconfigurations be generated?
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Quick Start Training
OTF via IMPACT
• IMPACT is the ISP configuration utility provided by Xilinx
• Typical use is direct ISP operation: Erase, Program, Verify, Blank Check etc.
• Users may modify their SVF file to function as OTF by making a simple modification to the SVF file
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Quick Start Training
Enabling OTF
• In normal SVF flow, select “On-The-Fly Program” to generate appropriate SVF file
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Quick Start Training
Demonstration
• A small demo board has been created to illustrate this capability
• Please allow us to play a brief movie showing the operation of this board
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Quick Start Training
Summary• CoolRunner-II CPLDs contain inherent features that
facilitate innovative application• Additional design measures can be used to increase
level of security• OTF also useful in other applications
– PicoBlaze– Design for Test automation– Any design where rapid reconfiguration is needed
• Questions?