Cellular Respiration

Cellular RespirationCONVERTS ENERGY IN FOOD TO ENERGY IN ATP1CELLULAR RESPIRATION INVOLVES SEVERAL STEPSInvolves over _______chemical reactions

Occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria

Can be divided into three main stages:

1) Glycolysis2) ____________________________3) The electron transport chain2STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION1st Stage: Glycolysis - cytoplasmanaerobic (______________)

2nd Stage: Krebs Cycle - mitochondriaaerobic (O2 needed)

3rd Stage: Electron Transport Chain - _________________aerobic (O2 needed)3STAGE ONE: GLYCOLYSISDoes NOT require oxygen anaerobic

First step in cellular respiration

Occurs in cytoplasm

Occurs in ______________ organisms

One glucose molecule is split to form two molecules of pyruvic acid4GLYCOLYSIS HAS 2 PHASESEnergy investment phase: 2 ATP needed to start reactionEnergy harvest phase: 4 ATP producedNet gain: _____________________

5STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRIAEnvelope has inner and outer membranes

Inner membrane:Very highly folded provides increased surface areaHas many sites where cellular respiration can occurEncloses thick fluid ______________________

6STAGE TWO: THE KREBS CYCLEOccurs in matrix of inner mitochondrial membrane

Aerobic O2 needed

2 Pyruvic acid 2 Acetyl CoA + 2 CO2

2 Acetyl CoA 4 CO2 + 2 ATP

Net result: _________________________7STAGE THREE: ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINOccurs on inner mitochondrial membraneAlso called oxidative phosphorylation or chemiosmosis_____________________________________Electron transport chain works with H+ ions and ATP synthase (proteins in membrane) to produce ATPGenerates up to ____________ per original glucose molecule 8MAXIMUM ATP PER GLUCOSEGLYCOLYSIS = 2 ATPKREBS CYCLE = 2 ATPELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN / ATP SYNTHASE = 34 ATP ___________

This production results only if O2 is present 9CELLULAR RESPIRATION

10SOME CELLS CAN HARVEST ENERGY WITHOUT OXYGEN11FERMENTATIONProcess that makes ATP ___________________

ATP produced in fermentation comes entirely from _____________________________

Produces no additional ATP

When O2 is not present there is an overall net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule

Two major types of fermentation:

Lactic acid fermentation

Alcoholic fermentation12LACTIC ACID FERMENTATIONOccurs in ________________________when O2 supply is too low

Cellular respiration continues but fermentation is main ATP source

Produces __________________- waste product

Results in muscle soreness after strenuous exercise

Relieved after O2 supply restored13LACTIC ACID FERMENTATIONCauses________________ ________________________

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION__________________: alcoholic fermentation

Produces ___________________instead of lactic acid under anaerobic conditions

Used in brewing industry

Released CO2 makes champagne and beer bubbly

Used by bakers to make bread rise 15ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMSFungi & Bacteria: produce ______________________ like muscle cells Used to flavor yogurt, some cheeses

Other fermentation processes:Soybeans soy sauceCabbage sauerkraut

17FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMS

Results of Fermentation