convergence of digital government and knowledge societies ......unu-egov and unesco -ifap • study...

Convergence of Digital Government and Knowledge Societ ies: State of the Art , Situat ional Analysis and Policy Recommendat ions for Beijing

Jun ChengUNU-EGOV

Digital Government and Knowledge Societ ies – Advancing SDG 16 IFAP Council, Paris | 31 May 2016 | 2

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1.Introduction2. Methodology3. Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework5. Analysis6. Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


Project Context

• Joint Government Fellowship programme by UNU-EGOV and UNESCO-IFAP

• Study the Stages of the Digital Governance Evolution Model by Tomasz Janowski(Janowski, 2015)

• Juxtapose the Knowledge Societ ies Handbook and Library by UNESCO/IFAP and UNU-EGOV

• Improve the policy environment to advance the development of Knowledge Societ ies in Beijing

Digital Government

Knowledge Societies

Smart City


Beijing

• Beijing is the capital of China, its Size is about 16410 sqKm

• Populat ion 22 Million, about a country of EU

• GDP (PPP) USD12,400 (2015)

• 187% Mobile phone connections


China 2030Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creat ive Society


Coordinat ed Development of Three Factors

Industrialization

Agricultural Modernization

Urbanization


城市问题 City problems

随着工业化进程的发展，人口在不断增长、交通越来越拥堵、水资源越来越紧缺、空气质量越来越糟糕。With the development of industrializat ion, populat ion is expanding, traffic becomes increasingly congested, water resources become increasingly scarce, and air quality is gett ing worse.


Populat ion Expansion


Traffic Jam All the Time


Water Resources of Beijing

北京市用水量极大，与1949年相比，北京市总用水量增长了40倍，城市自来水用水量增长了大约2000倍。目前，北京市每年实际用水量大约为50亿立方米。

北京市缺水情况严重。干旱少雨年份可利用地下水、水库水和河水一共只有20亿~35亿立方米。北京市人均水资源年占有量不足300立方米。已有专家发出警告：北京市可能出现水危机。

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World China Beijing

Water resources per person on average In 2012


PM 2.5 Map from NASA in 2010


Four factors synergic development modelt he 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Nat ional Congress(2012)

新型城镇化

urbanization

新型农业化

Modernagriculture

新型工业化

industrialization

• 提升农业集约化水平• 加强农业装备服务建设• 加强人才、技术储备• ……

Money

Human resource

• Coordinated Development through Informatization

新城镇的发展，引导农村郊区人口转变为城镇人口，促进新型城镇化和工业化建设

• 医疗• 社保• 教育• 养老• 就业• ……

保障

农村郊区人口减少，增加农用地和工业用地面积，促进新型农业化和工业化发展

• 服务• 设备• 技术• 人才• ……

保障

农村郊区人口城镇化，工业郊区化，促进生态保护和新型工业化和城镇化发展

• 政策• 服务• 技术• 信息化• ……

保障


如何使城市更加美好 ?How to make the cit y bet ter?

毋庸置疑，信息化是城市发展的未来。Undoubtedly, Information technology is the future of urban development.未来的城市将是资源节约型和生态友好型的城市。The future city will be a kind of resource-saving and eco-friendly city. 资源与信息的数字化成为新一代生态城市的关键要素。The digit izat ion of resources and information become a key element of the new generat ion of eco-city.


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1. Introduction

2.Methodology3. Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework5. Analysis6. Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


Methodology

Policy Recommendations: From Digital Government to

Knowledge Societies in Beijing, China

Research Literature Review

Conceptual Framework

Analysis: Digital Government in

Beijing, China

Analysis: Knowledge Societies

in Beijing, China

Policy Literature Review

Measurement / Indicators


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1. Introduction2. Methodology

3.Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework5. Analysis6. Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


3.1 Policy Literature Review of Digital Government in Beijing- Five-Year Government Informat izat ion Plans

Fieldsc 1998-2010 2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015 2016-2020Educationand Research

campus network,professionaleducation

E-commerce e-commerceplatform

E-government developingimportant e-governmentsystems

developing e-government systems

improving decisionmaking, citymanagement, andmarket supervision

Fine-Grained citymanagement

improving smart citymanagement

PublicService

e-Beijing portal providing onlinepublic service from2003

improving publicservice

gridding publicservice

improving publicservice channels,proving smartservices

InformationIndustry

hardware,software, andinformationservice

supporting powerfulfamous enterprise inhardware, software,and informationservice

improving theinformation industry

cultivating newinformationindustry

improving thedevelopment of newinformation industry

ICTInfrastructure

telecommunication network,televisionnetwork andinternet

telecommunicationnetwork, televisionnetwork, internet andwireless network

improving informationand communicationinfrastructure, andradio frequencyspectrum management

constructing highspeed internet and3G mobile network

upgrading networkcapacity,constructing big dataand cloud computingfacilities

InformationResource

informationresourcesmanagement

Informationsecurity

information securitymanagement

Culture digitalize culturet ti


Policy Literature Review of Knowledge Societ ies in Beijing

Fields Digital Beijing (2001-2010) Smart Beijing (2011- now)E-government

e-government system development:including Green Belt, Digital Xicheng,Digital Zhongguancun projects

Scientific Decision Making Supporting System, CitySecurity Management System, the smart applicationsupport platform,

PublicService

e-Beijing public service channel: includingportal and booth

Providing the convenient public service throughpublic service center, e-Beijing portal and hotline

Economy e-commerce platform development, 6 ICTbasements : including micro-electronics,software, hardware, monitor, digital highdefinition display, computer, etc.

Promoting the star up and renovation of e-commerceby middle and small-sized enterprises

EducationandResearch

campus and research institution network Providing the innovation environment, including theleadership, standard, funding and training

InfoComm telecommunication network, televisionnetwork, internet, government intranet,wireless network

Improving ICT infrastructure, including wirelessinternet and optical fiber web, combine the network oftelecommunication, television and internet

InformationResource

geospatial information, informationinterchange system

Implementing the precision population managementto support the public safety management, emergencyresponse system, etc.

Society Promoting the convenient personal digital life, suchas the online consumption, education, communityservices, and smart transportation etc.

Environment Implementing the ecological environment and natureresources management, including the power, water,gas, land resources and reinforcing the managementof pollution, garbage and disasters


Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integrat ing Growth Policies

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Integrating Growth Plan （2012）Five-Year Plan of Economy and Society Development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (2016)• Science and Technology

Research and Development• Industry Transformation• Transportation• Environment


3.2 Measurement and Indicators for Beijing

17 Goals of the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development”


Measurement and Indicators for Beijing

17 Goals of the “2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” Indicators• End poverty in all its forms everywhere Total Retail Sale

Minimum Wage• End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and

promote sustainable agricultureFood Costs

• Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages Clothes CostsFixed-line TelephoneFixed NetworksAverage Life Span

• Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promotelifelong learning opportunities for all

Undergraduate Students AcceptedGraduate Student AcceptedNumber of Researcher

• Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls PopulationGender Ratio

• Ensure availability and sustainable management of water andsanitation for all

Water SupplyWater ResourceAir pollution

• Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energyfor all

Energy costs

• Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, fulland productive employment and decent work for all

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)ICT GDP

• Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainableindustrialization and foster innovation

Mobile PhoneResearch and Development(R&D)FundsNumber and Amount of R&D ContractsNumber of Patent


• Reduce inequality within and among countries• Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,

resilient and sustainableSocial Security CardSafety Production

• Ensure sustainable consumption and productionpatterns

Firework ManagementCar Buy Limitation Management

• Take urgent action to combat climate change and itsimpacts

Emergency Response System

• Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas andmarine resources for sustainable development

• Protect, restore and promote sustainable use ofterrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,combat desertification, and halt and reverse landdegradation and halt biodiversity loss

Green Belt Project

• Promote peaceful and inclusive societies forsustainable development, provide access to justicefor all and build effective, accountable and inclusiveinstitutions at all levels

Court Judgement Enforcement

• Strengthen the means of implementation andrevitalize the Global Partnership for SustainableDevelopment

Measurement and Indicators for Beijing

17 Goals of the “2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment”

Indicators


3.3 Literature on Digital Government

Publications by Year Publications by Discipline


Literature on Knowledge Societ ies

Publications by DisciplinePublications by Year


Literature on Digital Government to Knowledge Societ ies

Publications by DisciplinePublications by Year


Slide Out line

1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Literature Review

4.Conceptual Framework5. Analysis6. Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


Digital Government Evolut ion Model

“Study the Stages of the Digital Governance Evolution Model” by Tomasz Janowski (Janowski, 2015)


Knowledge Societ ies Architecture

“Knowledge Societies Handbook and Library” by UNESCO/IFAP and UNU-EGOV


Slide Out line

1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework

5.Analysis6. Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


5.1 Digital Government Evolut ion in Beijing

4 STAGES

TIMEDigital MapDIGITIZATION

CONTEXUALIZATION

ENGAGEMENT

TRANSFORMATION

Organization Unit Information Database

Population Information Database

Information Resource Catalog

Cloud Computing

Green Belt Project

Safety Production

Grid Social Service Management

Court JudgementEnforcement

Tax Management

Energy Supply Management

Social Security Card Management

Scientific Decision

Car Buy Limitation Management

Smart Beijing Plan

Administrative Service Center

Digital Beijing Plan

2001 2011 2012 2015 20162003 20101998

Firework Management

Government Big Data Center

Emergency Response

Company Management


Stage 1: Digitization

TechnologyGNNS, GIS, Remote

SensingDatabase, CatalogCloud computing

Network

PressuresNo Basic Data of the

CityBurden of Machine Room and Servers

No Enough IT Staffs

InstitutionalizationBeijing Municipal Office of

Information（2001）Information Management

Center (2002)Information Security

Center(2006)Big Data Center (2016)

InnovationGeo-spatial Database for All Government

DepartmentsBasic Databases of Companies and

PopulationInformation Catalog of Government

DepartmentsCloud Computing Infrastructure

…


Stage 2: Transformat ion

TechnologyOffice automation

Business IntelligenceData ProcessingImage Processing

PressuresIncrease efficiency

Environmental Protection

Fighting AgainstCriminal

Emergency Response

InstitutionalizationMunicipal Bureau of

Landscape and ForestryAdministration of Work

SafetyCourts

Emergency Response Center

InnovationGetting Data from Manual to Automatic

New Methods of processing Data…


Stage 3: Engagement

TechnologySpace GridSmart Card

Mobile communication technology

PressuresPopulation ManagementEconomy Development

Social SecurityTransportation

InstitutionalizationCommunity Service GroupsState and Local Tax Bureau

Social Insurance CenterTransport Administration

Commission

InnovationGrid Social Service Model

Joint Tax ModelOrganizational Interoperability

Model…


Stage 4: Contextualizat ion

TechnologyInternet of Things

Big DataCell Phone Tracking

Street View

PressuresAnti-terrorist

Fire PreventionAir Pollution

Economy Development

InstitutionalizationPublic Security Bureau

Fire StationsHospitals

Industrial and Commercial Bureau

InnovationFull Process Supervise and Management of

Firework, Dangerous GoodsDoor-to-door Services for Companies

…


Fireworks Set Off Management


Knowledge Societ ies Development in Beijing - Society

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17 28 55 7423 46 47

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2000 2005 2010 2015Total Retail Sale(billion) Foods(billion) Clothes(billion)Energy(billion) Minimum Wage(Monthly)


Knowledge Societ ies Development in Beijing - Educat ion

136,36153,8

196,19217,05

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2000 2005 2010 2015Population(100 thousand)Undergraduate Students Accepted (thousand)Graduate Student Accepted (thousand)


Knowledge Societ ies Development in Beijing - Economy

1363,61538

1961,92170,5

246,05

681,45

1377,79

2296,86

51,72 124,22 237,270

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1000

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2000 2005 2010 2015Population(10 thousand) GDP(billion Chinese Yuan)ICT (billion Chinese Yuan)


Knowledge Societ ies Development in Beijing - Environment


Knowledge Societ ies Development in Beijing - Knowledge

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2000 2005 2010 2015

Number of Researcher(10000) R&D Funds(billion)Number of Contracts(1000) Number of Patents(1000)


Drivers, Enablers and Barriers

Drivers Enablers Barriers

Governance Government Management Requirements

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei integrating growth

InfoComm The Development of ICT Infrastructure

New Technologies Market Economy

Public Service Public Service Requirements

Public Service Center

Government Transparency

Society Olympic Games in 2008

Olympic Winter Games in 2022

Education

Education System Improvement

Learning Ability: Government, Society, Personal

EconomyEconomy Developing

Smart City Plan

Environment Environment Stress Nature Resources


Slide Out line

1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework5. Analysis

6.Policy Recommendations7. Conclusions


HebeiBeijing

Tianjin

Data

Services


Policies for Knowledge Societ ies

KS Element PolicyRecommendation

Rationale DigitalGovernment Stage

Governance

Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei IntegratingGrowth Policies

Tianjin and Hebei are two adjacent provinces of Beijing. These three provincesare going to make breakthroughs in integrated transportation, environmentalprotection, industrial upgrading and relocating functions non-essential toBeijing’s role.

Collaboration

GovernanceOpen DataPolicies

To improve transparency and democracy, civil participation, reduces corruption,improved and new private products and services, ICT and Scientific innovation,Governmental efficiency

Engagement

InfoCommMarket EconomyPolicies

Combine the telecommunication network, television network, internet andwireless network as a whole. So people could obtain all the needed services fromone company.

Digitization

Society

Increasing theScope of SocialAssistance fromBeijing to HebeiProvidence

Beijing only has 134,000 poor people. The government spend 8000 Yuan ($1200)for everyone per year to help them. However, Hebei has 3.10 million poor people,and government only spend 2800 Yuan ($420) for one person every year. Thejoint government need to spend more to help the poor in the future.

Engagement

EducationNew EducationPolicies

Section 5.2.3 showed us that the education cannot jump greatly in a short time.The government need to consider new directions of online education to take fulladvantage of the ICT infrastructure.

Engagement

Economy

Four FactorsSynergicDevelopingPolicies

Modern information revolution provides efficient ways to monitor, observe,analyze, and control the development of economy. Informatization is not only apart of quickly developing industry, but also a new measure and method tocoordinate the urbanization, industrialization and modern agriculture.

Collaboration

Environment

RegionalCooperationPolicies

The practices have proven that Beijing could not resolve the environment issuesby itself. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei need to collaborate together in the future.

Collaboration

Knowledge

Think TankSupportingPolicies

Most of the researchers, contracts, and funds are servicing some specificinstitutions. Some of them also should service for the public in the future.

Contextualization


Slide Out line

1. Introduction2. Methodology3. Literature Review4. Conceptual Framework5. Analysis6. Policy Recommendations

7.Conclusions


Conclusions

Digital Government

Smart CitiesGovernment

Knowledge Societies

InforComm + Open Data

Governance

Digital Governance Knowledge

THANK YOU. ANY QUESTIONS?

Jun [email protected]

convergence of digital government and knowledge societies ......unu-egov and unesco -ifap • study...

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