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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIAInstitute of Environmental & Water Resource Management 1

Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Part 1

Conventional Landfill Design & OperationFrom Design to Problem Solving

Professor Zaini UjangPh.D., C.Eng.(UK), C.W.E.M. (UK), PPT

Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management

Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaEmail: zaini@fka.utm

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Presentation Menu

Types of landfill and landfilling methods

Sitting

Gas management

Leachate control

Surface water control

Structural characteristics and settlement

Layout design

Development of operation plan

Landfill closure and post-closure

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Natural attenuation landfill

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Modern sanitary landfill

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill technologyDefinitions

Landfill refers to Physical facilities used for thedisposal of residual solid wastes in the surface soils of the

earth

Sanitary landfill refers to engineered facility for thedisposal of municipal solid wastes designed and operated

to minimize public health and environmental impact

Secure landfill refers to engineered facility for the

disposal of municipal solid wastes designed and operatedto hazardous wastes

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill planning, design and operation

Layout and design Operation and management

Biochemical reactions

Management of landfill gases

Management of leachate

Environmental monitoring

Landfill closure and post-closure

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill planning, design and operationOperation and management

Definition sketch for landfill operations and processes

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Development and completion of landfillLandfilling

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Development and completion of landfillCompleted landfilling

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill planning, design and operationBiochemical reactions

Biotransformation of organics into landfill gases andliquids

Starting with aerobic, then followed by anaerobic

processes. Aerobic process produces CO2 and H2O

Anaerobic process produces CO2, CH4 and trace

amounts of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill planning, design and operationPhysical reactions

Lateral diffusion of gases in landfill

Emission of landfill gases to surrounding environment

Movement of leachate within the landfill and intounderlying soil

Settlement caused by consolidation and

decomposition of landfill materials

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill calssification, types and methodsLandfill classification

Municipal solid wasteIII

Designated wasteII

Hazardous wasteI

Type of wastesClass

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Landfill types and methodsLandfilling methods

- Canyons, ravines, dry barrow pits and quarries

- Depends on availability of adequate material tocover the individual lifts and final cover

Canyon /

depression

-Where terrain is unsuitable for excavation ofcells

- High ground water conditions

Area

- Adequate depth of cover material is available

- Far from water table

Excavated cell

Type of wastesMethods

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Commonly used landfilling methods(a) Excavated cell/trench

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Commonly used landfilling methods(b) Area

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Commonly used landfilling methods(c) Canyon/depression

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Composition and characteristics, generation,movement and control of gases

0.01 - 0.6Trace constituents

0 - 0.2Carbon Monoxide

0 - 0.2Hydrogen

0.1 - 1.0Ammonia

0 - 1.0Sulfides, disulfides, mercaptans, etc.

0.1 - 1.0Oxygen

2 - 5Nitrogen

40 - 60Carbon dioxide

45 - 60Methane

%(dry volume basis)Components

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Workshop on New Technologies for Cost-effective Landfill Management, UTM Kuala Lumpur. 7 July 2004

Molecular weight, density, and specific weight of gasesfound in sanitary landfill at standard conditions (0oC, 1 atm)

0.08921.428932.00O2Oxygen

0.07821.250728.02N2Nitrogen0.04480.716716.03CH4Methane

0.09611.539234.08H2SHydrogen sulfide

0.00560.08982.016H2Hydrogen

0.07811.250128.00COCarbon Monoxide

0.12351.976844.00CO2Carbon dioxide

0.04820.770817.03NH3Ammonia

0.08081.292828.97Air

Specific

weight lb/ft3Density g/L

Molecular

WeightFormulaGas

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