conventional and complementary medicine
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Conventional and Complementary medicine. Chapter 20. Self-Care. Self-assessment Symptoms are often an expression of the body’s attempt to heal itself Carefully observing symptoms lets you identify those signals that suggest you need professional assistance Body’s vital sign Temperature - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CONVENTIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINEChapter 20
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
SELF-CARE
Self-assessment Symptoms are often an expression of the body’s
attempt to heal itself Carefully observing symptoms lets you identify
those signals that suggest you need professional assistance Body’s vital sign
Temperature Heart rate
Medical self-tests Blood pressure Blood sugar Pregnancy detection Urinary tract infections
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KNOW WHEN TO SEE A PHYSICIAN See a physician for symptoms that you would describe as:
1. Severe2. Unusual3. Persistent4. Recurrent
Emergencies include the following:1. Major trauma2. Uncontrollable bleeding3. Intolerable or uncontrollable pain4. Severe shortness of breath5. Persistent abdominal pain6. Poisoning or drug overdose7. Loss of consciousness or seizure8. Unexplained stupor, drowsiness, or disorientation9. Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting or to a
medication, especially if breathing is difficult 3
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SELF-TREATMENT Watchful waiting Nondrug options Self-medication
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs Simple guidelines to self-medicate safely:
1. Always read labels2. Do not exceed the recommended dosage or length of treatment3. Use caution if you are taking other medications4. Try to select medications with one active ingredient 5. Try to buy generic drugs6. Never take or give a drug from an unlabeled container7. If pregnant or nursing, consult health care provider first8. Check expiration date9. Store your medications in a cool, dry place10. Use caution with aspirin
1. Reye’s syndrome - children 4
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FIGURE 20.1 READING AND UNDERSTANDING OTC DRUG LABELS
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FIGURE 20.2 YOUR HOME MEDICAL CARE KIT
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PROFESSIONAL CARE System of broad network of professionals and organizations,
including: Independent practitioners Health care providers Hospitals Clinics Public and private insurance programs
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) Most commonly used CAM therapies:
Acupuncture Chiropractic Relaxation techniques Herbal medicine Massage Meditation Yoga
Integrative medicine Conventional health care with the addition of unconventional modalities
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CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
Premises and assumptions of Conventional Medicine Western medicine is based on the belief that disease is
caused by identifiable physical factors Identifies:
Pathogens Bacteria or viruses
Genetic factors Unhealthy lifestyles
Based on scientific method of obtaining knowledge Empirical Rational Testable Parsimonious General Rigorously evaluated Tentative
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THE PROVIDERS OF CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE Medical doctor (MD) Doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO) Podiatrist Optometrist Dentist Allied health care providers:
Registered nurse (RN) Licensed vocational nurse (LVN) Licensed practical nurse (LPN) Physical therapist (PT) Licensed social worker (LSW) Registered dietitian (RD) Physician assistant (PA) Nurse practitioner Certified nurse midwife
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CHOOSING A PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN
Begin making a list of possible choices Check insurance limits Ask for recommendations
Family, friends, coworkers, local medical societies, physician referral service
Once you have a list of physicians, call their office and find out some information Is the physician covered by your insurance plan? What are the office hours? Which hospitals does the physician use? How many other physicians are available to cover? How long does it usually take to get an appointment? Does the office send reminders for preventive check-ups? Does the physician give advice over the phone? 10
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GETTING THE MOST OUR OF YOUR MEDICAL CARE The physician-patient partnership Your physician appointments The diagnostic process
Physical exams Diagnostic testing
X-rays Biopsies Blood and urine tests Scans Endoscopies
Medical and surgical treatments Prescription medications
Medication errors Off-label drug use Online pharmacies Costs
Surgery Elective surgeries
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FIGURE 20.3 READING AND UNDERSTANDING PRESCRIPTION
MEDICATION LABELS
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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
CAM tends to focus on an integration of mind, body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore the whole person to harmony
Integration = holistic health care, considering the whole person
Alternative medical systems Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Harmonious flow of qi produces health Acupuncture and herbal remedies
QI is believed to flow through the body along several meridians (pathways)
Homeopathy Naturopathy
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FIGURE 20.4 THE CATEGORIES OF CAM PRACTICES
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MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS
Interventions make use of the integral connection between mind and body Meditation Yoga Visualization Taijiquan Biofeedback
Placebo effect Hypnotherapy
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NATURAL PRODUCTS
Also known as biologically based therapies Include substances derived from plant or
animal sources Consist primarily of herbal therapies or
remedies, botanicals, and extracts from animal tissues
Pharmacopoeia Drug-herb interactions
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TABLE 20.2 COMMONLY USED HERBALS
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MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS
Based on manipulating or moving one or more body parts
Touch and body manipulation are long-standing forms of health care
Manual healing is based on the idea that misalignment or dysfunction in one part of the body causes pain or dysfunction in another part
Chiropractic medicine
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EXERCISE
Exercise for health maintenance, promotion, and disease preventions fits the definition of CAM
65% of Americans would be more interested in exercising if advised to do so by their physicians
New program “Exercise Is Medicine” encourages physicians to record a patient’s exercise level asa regular vital sign
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OTHER CAM PRACTICES
CAM practices also include• Movement therapies Use movement to promote well-being
(Feldenkreis method, Alexander technique, Pilates)
• Traditional healing practices Based on indigenous theories handed down from
generation to generation (Native American medicine man, shaman)
• Energy therapies
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ENERGY THERAPIES
Forms of treatment that use energy originating either within the body (biofields) or from other sources (bioelectromagnetic fields)
• Qigong• Therapeutic touch• Reiki• Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies
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EVALUATING COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
Work with your physician Areas to discuss
Safety Effectiveness Timing Cost
Questions for the CAM practitioner Ask about education, training, licensing, certification Ask why he or she thinks the therapy will be beneficial Describe in detail any conventional treatments you are
receiving Ask how long the therapy should continue Ask about the expected cost of the treatment
Do your own research22
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PAYING FOR HEALTH CARE
The current system Combination of private and public insurance plans, patient
out-of-pocket payments, and government assistance Health insurance
Traditional fee-for-service (indemnity) plans Managed-care plans
Health maintenance organizations (HMO) Preferred provider organizations (PPO) Point-of-service (POS) plans
Governmental programs Medicare Medicaid
Health care reform• Affordable Care Act, March 2010 23
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CONVENTIONAL AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINEChapter 2024