controlling woman: winnie mandela and the 1976 soweto uprising

8/18/2019 Controlling Woman: Winnie Mandela and the 1976 Soweto Uprising

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Controlling Woman: Winnie Mandela and the 1976 Soweto UprisingAuthor(s): Helena Pohlandt-McCormickSource: The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Vol. 33, No. 3 (2000), pp. 585-

614Published by: Boston University African Studies CenterStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3097436Accessed: 10-03-2016 18:08 UTC

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3/31

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4/31

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8/31

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9/31


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ngu g nforc m n n oppr v m ur S h p r d h ud n

nd d h h y w r br v nd cour g ou Sh w mp r ng h m

by pro c n g h r m g of b n gopp o d o h po c up n h

counry29

R ud of M nd M m b 2 6 c hoo c h r S k S con d ry Sc hoo

w m m b rof Sou h Af rc n S ud n Or g n on n d p r c p n n

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M nd hom b c u h o ny w n d o h r b ou h d m on r

on wh ch w o k p c o n h n x d y On r r v w o ny fo und

W nn h rhou W nn d h h r dy kn w bou nd h

w g ood h ng for h ud n o d mon r g n h A fr k n

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M nd o d n my pr nc h h w g vng h ud n v ry

u pp or h h y n d d A f r b ou 2 0 m nu h f o ow ng u d n

rr v d Mr M nd hou T M h nn T b o Mo p ny n

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M urp hy M f Mo ro b w 2 1y r o d u d n Mo rr c o nH gh

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w h om h v n ng J un 1 5 1 97 6 A b ou 9 1 5 T

M h n n T b o Mo p n y n n dD v d Ku u m c m o my p c

T o dm h h y hd b n o con c n w p p rm n o cov r h

d m on r on wh ch w o k p c o n h f o ow ng d y A b ou

9 30 p m w r rv d W nn M nd hou Th c r r dd h

2 9 Au br y M o ko n m on y b f or h C 6 C omm o n 7 F b r u r y 19 77 S A B K 34 5

V ou m 14 8 F 2/ 3 P r 1 9 Co mm o nV ou m 100 4 77 7 H b y fr h m o d d

cc ou n o f h m n g

0 R ud o f M nd M m b m on y b fo r h C 6 C om m o n 8 F b ru r y 19 77 S A B

3 45 V o u m 1 4 8 F 2 /3 P r 1 9 C omm o n Vo u m 1 0 1 4 86 1 63





10/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 593

B w p rk d nd w go n o h hou On n r ng h h ou w

f ou nd A ub r y Mo ko n n d M nd M m b n d W n n M n d w

n T h n d o Wnn h h h dm ng d o g r por r o f

hr Eng h n w pp r n m y h S r h W or d nd h R nd D y

M W nn d o h m You hv d on good h ng T Sh

m d u c off o dr nk n d cm o o n u n h ng room Sh h n

d O h y boy h r w b d mon r on o morrow nd w

r p d y T h nA ub ry Mo ko n k d u w h w w ou d do n h

f c of n r fr nc f rom h p o c h n d o h m h n fc

wh nT ddr d m ng choo n h f r noon h h d o d

h ud n h f n yprov oc on b w n h m n d h p o c k

p c h ud n hou df gh b ck Wnn M nd d h w ru

h y ou w h v o f gh b c k f y ou r m w h p o c c on fr on on

S h fur h r d h do no n c r y m n f gh n g h p o c d r c y

Sh d h u d n c n f g h b c kb yd r oy ng b u d ng k m un c

p y of fc n dg ov r nm n p ro p r y Sh o g n m n o n d h w

c n o h b c k Wh p rop r for n nc d v ry v n wh ch

b o ng o W h f rm c n b c k dor bu S h w h d u g ood u ck

f o r h f o o w ng d y 3 1

D v d L w Ku u m 2 0 Fo rm 4 S n d rd 10 u d n N d H g h Sc hoo

w xp c bou h f c h W nn M nd h d c u y or gn d h d

of u d n m rc h

go h m pr on h h h ng w ugg d by Wnn M n d on

h f c h T k ng m now o Wnn M nd p c w hr h

d w r w or kn g w h h r Now wh ch m n h h w or d h w

r w or kn gw h h r c on vnc d m h h c u y u gg d h 3 2

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h m ng W nn M nd hou c onf c d n v r d Non of h

m h r for h b g nn ng or h nd of h m ng m c h d p rf c y n d

Ku u m d c r b d c on d m n go nJ un 1 4 h W nn M nd h ou

w h ch M h n n M or ob S m on M o ko n M o p n y n W n n M n d

h r f n d o h r u d n f ro m o h r c ho o w ho m d o n o k no w w r p r

n 3 3 Mo ro b h ow v r d h A c on Com m c d h d y b f or o n h

13 h h d m g n h h of h DOCC 2 p m on Ju n 14h H o d d d

do no r m mb r b ng W nn M nd hou on h f r noon of

h 1 4 Jun 1976 T h n m b oh d for h wo m ng w r h m

3 1 M f o n M or ob m on y b f or h C 6 C omm o n 9 F b r u r y 19 77 S A B K 34 5

V o um 1 48 F 2 /3 P r 1 9 C omm o n Vo u m 1 0 2 48 98 4 90 0

3 2 D v d L w K u um m on y b fo r h C 6 C om m o n 9 F b ru r y 19 77 S A B

K 3 45 V o u m 1 4 8 F 2 /3 P r 1 9 C o mm o n Vo u m 1 0 3 4 95 9

3 3 D v d L w K u um m on y b fo r h C 6 C om m o n 9 F b ru r y 19 77 S A B

3 4 5 V o um 1 48 F 2 /3 P r 1 9 C omm o n Vo u m 1 0 3 49 58





11/31


x c p h M or ob d d dS h M b uk o o h o fp r c p n N oo n

m n o n d m n go n h 1 4h of Ju n 34 bu K u um w d m n

n h 1 5 Ju n 1 976 bou 1 8h30 nd d m ng h h ou of

Wnn M nd Pr n h m ng w r my f M f o nMorob

M h n n Mo p n y n M nd M m b A ub r yMo ko n n do h r

ud n unknown o m h p o p w ho w r pr n h r w r h

p op h v r d h r nd h o h r u d n nd o h rp op whom

d d no k now w ho w r c u y pr n h m ng of h 14 3 5

L w h n w h n How much h w ho ory w w d b cm c r

from Ku um r mony n wh ch h o ug h o nd g m cy o h

mo ny b y x p n n g h h w c ou r g ou y c ou n r n g x p c

n r uc on h h y wr n o o r v h ru h f h y wr n rrog d

n r u c on g v n o h m b y W nn M nd w ho h d fo r n h r r r n d

n r ro g o n

S h W n n M n d w n o n o y f h D p r m n of B n u Ed uc

o n d d no w n v r b c om mu nc on h n v o n c w h o n y

m n of br ng ng b ou c h ng Sh d h ou d h p p n h w r

rr d w m u n v r h ru h w mu nd h p n of b ng or

ur dby h po c h m pr on h g v m h w hn w r

d n d w mu no k c u y bou h m ng nd h nk b ou

how w v ry h ng b ou h h r w m ng on h 1 3 h 14h n d

h 15 nd h nk h o w r pr v m ng r g rd d h m

h nk h v ry h ng w cr n h m ng o ur y w w r no o

m n o n h n m of p op 36

N h r 2 1 y r o d N d H g h Sc ho o u d n R od n y P u R m m k o n or 1 6

y r o d S h M b uko d n y hng b ou m ng W nn M nd

ho u w hc h om w h u rp r n g gv n M b uk o c n r ro o n h A c o n

Comm N h r Moko n M mb or M h r v r m n on h n m

From h on o f h r mony h ow v r c r h R mm ko nd

M bu ko o ow r f orc d o n c ud c r n h ng n h r m n h wou d

h v c h ud n p ro or n n ug y g h w h h r h y n d d h pp n d or

no T hu R mm ko d h M h nn o d h ud n h w h h y r

m r ch ng h y mu on ny c r wh ch b ong o Wh m n h h y

ho ud c om c ro 37 Au br y Mok on d o n o y Zw S n w h

J un 1 5 n gh m n gw h W n n M n d h ou gh M h r wh od o n o

n m h m p c fc y nf r h h w on of h o ud n w ho w g ng

3 4M m b m n o n d h M o p ny n r p or d o h m wh h d h pp n d on h m n g

h D O CC o n Su nd y b u m d n o m n o n of n A c o n C om m m n g on h 1 4 h

W nn M nd ho u

35 K u um m on y 4 95 9

3 6 bd 4 9 67

3 7 R mm k o m on y 4 85 0





12/31

CONTROLLNG WOMAN595

h k n ow h ow n d n f u n c f ro m W nn M n d o h r d o ng 3 8 n h

own mony Z w S n o y n o hng bou p r c p ng n or h r ng

bou m ng W nn M n d hou

T h d c u o n of h mon no o much b ou h ru h of wh

c u y h p p nd bou h m c h n m of how h g ov rnm n ough o

con ruc h or o d nd dd wh n d d v dnc nd h x n o

wh ch w pr p r d o go n ord r o r mony n f vor D f n v

nw r o h m ny qu on h r of mon r d mu w fur hr

r r ch n d n rv w n dw p rob b y r m n u v ob c ur d bo h by h

p g o f m nd h h d ow of r ob fu c on c on fu o n n d b r y

h A N C R p on

Som o f h d n who h db n f orc d o m k h m n fough b c k

A f r h d m n ng m ony b f or h C d Co mm o n Mor ob r c d

w ny y r r h y hd hd o h nk of c c h p on o ry o c u y

g h m g ou o pop o u n Sow o k D rMok n Mo n h h

w g ong o hpp n h h w u n g h m o mp c W nn M nd

Th y n d d o f n d w y of c u y c nc ng ou ho m n 39

n wh w p rh p h mo r kng x mp o f n ou d mp o ch

ng h mony pr n d o h C omm on n d o nf unc p r

of h ory h w ry ng o pu og h r dvoc G org B o wy r

who h d ong r pr n d h M n d f m y r c d h r o f h o rg n f v

p r c pn w n o h nd n ord r o p k on b h fof Mr N W

M nd nd Dr H M o n h p r on o whom r f rnc w m d n h

b n c of my w oc n 40 On m on h f r h y fr f d G o rg B o

r c d Dr A r on M h r A ub r yM ok on n dM nd M m b b fo r h

C 6 Comm on n o f n ng ng cro x m n o n h ou o m n

h rr b g on g n Mr M nd bou w h h pp n d n h m dd

of h n gh 41 H qu on c or nr d Dr A r on M h r o h p on w h r h

pp r d h r r or f oo

D o yo ur wh y ou r y ng ?Y ou c n h v o n o f wo n w r o

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g o o r h f r ud u n d oc um n y ou c n h v y ou r ch o c W h ch d o

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3 8 A ro n Mo n o d M h r m on y b fo r h C C om m o n 7 F b ru r y 19 77

S A B K3 45 V o u m 1 4 8 F 2 /3 P r 1 9 C omm o n Vo u m 9 9 4 7 31

3 9 T m on y Mu rp hy M or ob T ru h A n d R c on c o n Co mm o n H u m n R g h


C Sow o D y 2

4 0G o rg B o c ro x m n on of A ron Mon o d M h r b f or h C 6

C omm o n 1 4 M r ch 1 9 77 S A B K 34 5 V o um 1 51 P r 2 6 C omm o n Vo u m 1 3 4 6 49 1

41 B o n cr o x m n on of Dr A r on M h r b f or h C 6 Com m o n 14

M r c h 19 77 S A B K3 45 V o u m 1 5 1 F 2 /3 P r 2 6 C omm o n Vo u m 1 3 4 35 6 5 05





13/31


Oh w n o o n y do n y ou r m m b r wh h p p n d n S ow o n

Ju y /A ug u 1 97 6 y ou d o n v n r m m b r w h y ou r v d n c w

b f or h C om m o n?

M y u gg o you h h w y no h r of your h u c n o n?

Y ou cn n wr w h n w rm yb h h w y h y ou

w r r c h ng h g o f hv ng p r c u on comp x h ou p h

n c on h m n w ho co ud n p k Z u u Y ou u rv v d h m d dn

you?42

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on b y on w h dr w h v d nc g n W nn M nd Th c ro x m n

o nof M h r nd h r r c o n by Mok on nd M m b w r u ff c n o

how h h m o dr m c v d nc h w g v n nr on o Mr M nd

o n h n gh o f h 1 5 h w uch h no w or hy of b f 4 3

B o R gh no wh ow d d yo uc om o g v h v d nc h n h

T c M h nn w o u d Mr M nd hou ?

M h r W cou d hv b n m k m n 44

And h n x d y

B o W how do you know h T M h nn w h M nd

hom b f or h 1 6 h? M h r N or p y

Y ou d o n k n ow d o y o u? N o d on k no w

S y ou dy p ? d on k now 45

B o ccu on w r xp c

B o you wh m go ng o pu o you h w h n d n

on yo ur d h y ou r n r ro g or w n d v d n c g n M r

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M h r vh mn y dn d h h n nd g n d y r wh nB o k d

hm

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mony M h r h d c cu d W nn M nd nd Dr Mo n o f mp n g o k h m n

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xp n on h hough d m d by B o m gh n f c h v b n qu r v ng m n

on h n cr ng f r o f po c r r bu o n nd h p r v v p r n c o f n fo rm r n h

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h m g h h p p n B o E v ry bo dy w c r d o f wh om ? O f v r yb od y

4 3 B o n d c u o n w h C h c h r m n o f h c om m o n 15 M r ch 1 97 7 SA B

K 3 45 V o u m 1 5 1 F 2 /3 P r 2 6 C omm o n Vo u m 1 3 6 6 70 6

4 4 Ex ch n g B o M h r n c ro x m n o n of D r A r on M h r 6 56 4

4 5 b d 6 61 9

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14/31

CONTROLLNG WOMAN597

B o n h po on h wh n d n o n nd wh you md h

ong m n you kn w h h p oc w r n r d n Mr

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Y o u d dn k no w h ? N o

W n vr nd c d o you h h po c h d n n r n Mr

M nd ? No po c n d c d h o m

A no g ? A n o g 47

D p M h r r p d dn B o k p pu hng hm on h u H

c h rg d h f r o f b n g h d r p o n b f or h n c d n h o cc ur r d du r ng

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c pgo n ord r o v h k n 48 A rn v y h ugg d h M h r

h d u c cu mb d o h r ro r of n r ro g o n b c u h d ru g n d c o ho d d c

on m d o r yc onf n m n v n m or u nb r b 4 9Ho wv r h r h h p r

cu r cro x mn on w xpo ng of h w n w k n 50 g v

B o v r o pp or un o m k x p c h c ond on u nd r wh ch h w

n p ok cond on o fd n o n o h r n ng h nd v du w r w ng

o co nr d c n d v n p r ur h m v

B o Now n of r m y b n c ry for m o r gu b f or H

L or d hp wh h r y ou h ou d b b v d or no m go ng o u gg o

y ou h n you rp r n c on d o n yo u r u nd r d n o n r y ou

no ? M h r m

You r no p r p r d o r p h h ng h y ou w r y ng b for y ou r

d n o n 1 3A ug u 1 97 6 f yo u h nk h h y r g on g o d p

h p o p w ho m y b r p on b f or yo ur d n o n wo ud n y

o

You wou d you y h u co nc d nc h ny h ng wh ch

cr c of h u hor you y you w r m q uo d v ry h ng h

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h co nc d nc ? W m gh b co nc d nc 5 1

o c ro x m n o n of A ub r y Mo ko n w c on d r b y m o r y mp

h c nd h n r oduc d h q u on of h n r rog o r n r n W nn

M nd mo mm d y


48 B o o M h r 6 605

4 9 Ex ch n g B o M h r n c ro x m n o n of D r A ro n M h r 6 60 8

5 0 B o n c ro x m n o no fD r A ron M h r 6 556 m go ng o p u o yo u h

y ou w n c om p y o p c b o hp hy c y n d m n y n d h y ou w r v r y of n u nd r

h n fu n c of qu or o mu ch o h v n u y Dr M o n k d M h r o r g nf rom h

B c kP r n A oc on






15/31


B o D d you r n r rog o r h ow n y p r c u r n r n Mr

M nd ? Moko n Y h y dd T h n r rog on w c u y

c n r d r ou nd h r

d y ou co m o h c onc u o n n y g d u rn g h n r r og o n h

h m or y ou m p c d Mr M nd h r f w ou d b f or you ?

Y d d com o h c on cu o n 52

W h h b c kg rou nd B o w r d y o k o n Mo ko n v d nc b ou

Wnn M nd H how d h n wr h d dno f h ugg on p u o

M ok on b y h n r rog o r w r m w h r c o n n v r yh r h f h on

Som m h v oc from h p r n h conf rm h p

W kn wwh r fu m n b cu w w r n d n o n w d d

no h v v w d d no h v cc o n yb ody b u h po c 5 3

Mo rob m n b ov m d b f or h T ru h n d R co nc on Co mm

o n w n y y r r c or ro bor d h o fMo ko n n 197 7 H w m d o

r wr h m n f v m Hour o f n r rog on by v rou p o c r

g n w ho o o k h f f o ow d m on h o f o r y co nf n m n

Moko n n y h y u g v m h book o wr h m n

nd wro v ry h ng h kn w n d h n g v o h m T hn w

c d Th y d w u n cc p b Th n w r p d u d

o wr h m n r n gfrom 8 oc ock n h morn ng un 2

o c oc k n gh n d u g o o p for 6 ho ur n d h n n h m or nn g

k n g n 54

f h f d o m p c W nn M n d o r rfu d p r o f h m n h d d

no gr w h or h dno m d h d n w r c d b y phy c or ur 55

A g n b u m u ch m or g n y n c om p r o n o h c ro x m n o n of M h r

B o ugg d h Moko n h d u ccumb d o pr ur o m k m n

g n W nn M nd pr ur h w o n n h M oko n o wn

m mor of W nn M nd wou d h v b n r d

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m n y ou w r n f u nc d b y wh y ou r n r r og o r h d o d y o u

h Mr M n d g u y p r on n dno h nnoc n p r on h you

m n n d h w Moko n Y

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V o o n S ub m o n Q u o n n d A n w r D 2 30 7 19 96 N m M ur ph y Mo ro b

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h p p n d on h M on d y pr or o h T r n k n d p nd n c h 2 5 h O c ob r f ro m h M on d y

f r h Fr d y /Wh h w b n g don o you w r y ou b n g k d o m p c Mr

M nd ? Y





16/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 599

And h you r d b v ng h g on h h y wr m k ng

g n Mr M nd Th ru

po b h you ook h w y p op n your po on k nd

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w ho u you y ou r f k now ng h w r u ? Y 5 6

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n d o h u d n d r d ur ng h c ou r o f n r r og o n Wh n Mo ko n

n w r d y B o c o d n on h g o

B o P op k T M h nn Mo p ny n nd h o h r d d

h y r y v r n you rp r n c h v n yc u cu m n g w h M r

M nd ? M ok on N o h y n v r h d n y c uc u m n g

D d Mr M n d n your pr nc v r u gg o n y u d n d r

h n y hn gu n wf u h ou d b d on ? N o h n v r u gg d n y

h n g 5 7

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m go ng o k you b ou h n g h o f h 1 5 /1 6 W h r u d n

m ng Mr M nd hou or no ? T h r n v r w 5 8

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d n o n w ho u r 6 0T hou gh b ou c o u o n b w n h p o c n d h

o r h C 6 Com m o n r f u n po kn b u o cc on y h m n n g

b cm qu c r

Moko n T h y wn d m o y h ng g n h r

B o A nd v n u y o d o wh w h ? Wh wo ud h y d o w h h

m n ? W h y wou d pr o cu h r

5 6 Ex ch n g M ok o n B o C C om m o n m on y 6 65 9 60

5 7 T m on y Au br y D un du b M ok o n c r o x m n o n by G o rg B o 1 5 M rc h

1 97 7 b f or h C C om m o n SA B K3 45 V o um 1 5 1 F 2 /3 P r 2 6 C om m o n

V o um 1 3 6 6 6 57

58 E xc h ng M o ko n B o C C om m o n m on y 6 66 0

5 9 B o d ur n g cr o x m n o n of M ok o n C C om m o n m on y 6 66 4

60 By h m h b ru n r rog on c c o f h p o c w r b c om ng w known n

19 77 h n u o fR c R o n d vo d 6 p g o f Su rv y 19 76 1 21 27 u nd r p r

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c n p c r p or f or h p r od f r h u pr ng M r ch 197 6S p m b r 19 77 h

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17/31


A nd w h r o w ou d y ou p y n h ? T h y wo u d ob v ou y m k m

w n 61

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on o f h n o f qu on ng n d h u mp o n h g ov r nm n nd h

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18/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 601

on n o rd r o u nd r n d h v r o n n d ch ng f ro mon m n o

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m n 67

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r d o b rng ou h r on f or h c h ng b w n Moko n m n w h

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19/31


Ar n y ou k ng o o fnon n now 68 H w n v r c h n g h w

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co n u o n o ok p c o n F br u ry 4 1 97 7 M ok o n p o n d o u J oh n Vo r r S q u r h

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20/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 603

Yu r Why ddn y ou m h g wh nw w r on oo h

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h n form on b ou h n gh m ng W nn M n d hou w

p n d nh m n und rdur w n cu ody nd m 74

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h dgon h r h n h d h wou db m T h nh d h w h d

m ng h r o po h r o So o dh m h kn w no hng b ou h

r o 75

M m b hd pr d n h m n h h h d no b n M nd hou

n g h for qu om m un h nk h f r w k of Jnu ry

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h ng un w fu T h h v b n k d o y 76

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21/31


22/31

CONTROLLNG WOMAN605

m r ch o n h 1 6 h o f Ju n n d h w y n w h ch w w n d h m r ch o

b c onduc d W h n d v d ud n bou p o r h h y h d o

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23/31


go h m pr on h h yh d rr ng d o hv m ng h r o n h

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24/31

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H o ry o f A fr c n P o c n S ou h A f r c V N d r n d R u rg n c 1 96 4 1 97 9 B o om n g o n

n d n 1 99 3 1 7 0

9 0 G or g B o n r v w w h h u h or n o J oh n n b ur g A pr 2 6 1 99 5





25/31

608HELENAPOHLANDTMCCORMCK

w n A h ou gh Ju dg C h d no pow r h c ou d r por v d nc o h

or n yg n r n d h d v on of pu b c pr o cu or f h d r mn d h h

v dnc g n W nn M nd ood A h m B o d W nn M nd

m rror d h M nd m g h w no h o ny b u n m por n f c or

h h p r o f r nc w no d d From h po n of v w of h g ov rn

m n wh b r pr cou d h r b o b b o how h wh pp r d

pon n o u w ou d hv b n h work of n n g o r w p r o f h

y m h m o produc f v dnc nd o h ow h h db n h

wo rk of g or h p r v n d h m f ro mb rn gn g bou h u cc o f h

oc xp r m n of p r h d 9 1 Yu r k nw h v d nc w f wh n h

d ccord ng o B o H w n n hu c p oog for h p r h d

y m w h m c ou r k o h m A h nd of Moko n cond

m on y for x m p h c m o W nn M nd wh ow p r n n co ur

nd k d h ow d r N o n W nn ? A cc or dn g o B o h u rn d o h m

nd pu h m q u r y n h p c H Mr nd m Mr M n d o you 9 2

R c ng h hr w n m y o hv b n c on cou d c o n o

cr fc h r p u on o fc r n w n o pro c W nn M nd nd Dr

M o n d c o n h m y r f c o m of h ch m b w n h ANC nd

h B c k Con c ou n M ov m n n wh ch Mok on w c v n d d on

B o p o b y x p o d c r n x ng c h m nd p r on conf c n h c ho c

f pop o rc o undo h d m g of h f r m n mp c ng Wnn

Th r much v d nc o f h p r on n mo b w n c r n c or p r

cu r y M h r Moko n M o n nd W nn M nd 93

mony b ou uch n o n w h n r nc o rg n on p r c u ry

h o w h d r c r f rnc o W nn M nd w qu prob m c nd on

m p d o c h k u p o n o h r nd r c m p by h g ov r nm n o x p o

M ok o n o n h 1 8 J u y 1 9 76 w n o c h ck o n Dr M h r

h w u nw n dd r ou O n rr v ng h ho u f ou nd Mr

M nd on h p rm n h h ou who hd b n c d r r b yDr

M h r hou k p r Mr M nd w n r g f r Dr M h r

h d o d h rh w nv d by c r n Wh m n c d S rfon n o

d nn r b u h c ou d no nd do no k now h m u w h r ng

h n m for h f r m nd Dr M h r w n o w h w u

d r ou wh n h d Dr M h r w p pro ch d by h S cur y

Po c w h o o d hm h S rfo n n w n c v A NC m mb r n d h

9 1 M ur ph y Mo ro b x pr d m r h o ug h d ur n g h m on y b fo r h T RC

h nk wh h pp n d w h w h n h d o b u d c p go for h r o wn n p u d

h nd n g h u o non Ju n 16 h T h y hd o f n d c p g o o ch rg u n d o do h h y

h d o g o n d un co v r n o dc h rg T h yu d h c h rg o f d o n g n u n d h y bu

up h ch rg o h w h d o b r h r pon b y of h h ng h h pp n d n h

o wn h p M or ob m on y b fo r h T ru h n d R co nc o n Co mm o n 1 99 6

9 2 G or g B o n r v w w h h u h or n o J oh n n b ur g A pr 2 6 19 95

9 3S o P H op kn nd H n Gr ng Th R oc ky R o r T r g Sh ow T h n d

S o ry o f h 1 9 76 S ow o U pr n g C p T o wn 2 0 01 1 03 W h ou r b u n g o ur c h

ccoun o m ph h c n r y of W nn M nd ro n h upr n g 8 284





26/31

CONTROLLNG WOMAN609

S rfon n w o n o v w h Mr M n d Th p o c h r u pon

w rn d M h r o b c r fu o fMr M nd Dr M h r h n d h

w g on g o r g nfr om h BP A B c k P rn A o c o n b c u h

cou d no h v burd n n d r g y du o h h h Mr M n d

nd p r u d dh m no o r g n Dr M h r d d n f c r r g n

rom h BP Afo ow ng h pr m n b yh m h h h d m d n

h n m o f h B P A co n r ry o o u r r o u o n h o n y Dr M n

B u h wou dm k pr m n 94

N or n c mov m n m mu n o u ch c h m n dd ff r nc of op n on

Th y u u y r f c d u o fp ow r n dc on f c w o f n x p r n c d n d

xpr d h m o p r on v Such f u n w r x po d by h nf

r o r n d p ro vo c u r h h S ou h A f r c n g ov r n m n c o mm on y u d

g n h n p r h dmov m n

o m po r n o c on d r h o d o n n v o c n o rd r o c u rr y fr om

h m f r h r on for h d on nc nd h w y r f c d d ff r nc n

h A f r c n co mm un y n d c on d h w y h y r v h m h od b y wh c h h

r d o m po c r n k nd o f n r pr on nd m n ng o n h v n

n d x p r n c o f h u pr n g A h o ug h w p ub c k n ow d g n h A fr c n

c ommun y h h C omm on r pr n d h g ov rnm n nd h m n

b for w r co rc d f on y bc u h r u d n g v h c v

w n cho c h conc p of h ou w rr b yp rv v nd

hr n ng T h w hown by h f c h f w ud n or v n d u m mb r

of h A fr c n c om mu n y w n g y c m f or w rd o f y b fo r T ho w ho

d d fo rwh v r p r on or po c r o n c n on y h v c rf c d h r cr d

b y n d n dn g n h c om mu n y u d gng b y h v r y o f h r c o n o h

m on y of o m o n k C r d o Mu w w ho c on r v m n d r d o n

po n of v w h m qu r y g n h B c k Con c ou n Mov m n nd

oh r group h r d p r h d n h d y f o ow ng h m ony h hou

w b ur nd d ow n nd n h r o h C om m on h r c ou n d h v o n

ncoun r w h ud n w ho r c d h pp o op h r c v 95

W nn M nd h w y b n h b o v d d r of h you h m or r d

c h n h g n r on b f or h m h mp c on o f h c on n ung r on

hp on m k m po b o g nor h p o b y of h r nvo v m n

W nn M nd h r f g v wo c cou n o f h r p r c p o n n h u pr n g

Wnn M nd 1985 w h r mong h m w wh h pp n d

Th c h dr n pck d up on h y u d du b n d h d nd

m rc h d ow rd m c h n g un no h h y don k now h h

wh m n h v y rm d h y m r ch d g n h v y m ch n gun f r

Y ou c ou d m g un f r v r yw h r C h d r n w r d y n g n h n h

9 4 Mo ko n m on y 8 F b r u r y 19 77 S A B K 34 5 V o u m 1 48 C o mm o n Vo u m

1014833

9 5 Vu m u u C r d o Pu m o M u w b y p ro f o n w c hd oc o r n d wr r u h or o f

n d b M y Ch d r n 1 96 4 n d A fr c m y W n 1 96 6 v o un r d o g v v d n c b f o r

h C o mm o n T m on y S p m b r 2 2 1 97 6 S AB K 34 5 V o u m 1 1





27/31


r n d h y w r d y ng h o h r m r ch d for wr df c ng gu n

No on h v r und r m d h pow r of h n my W k now h h

rm d o h h Bu h d rm n o n h h r f or fr d om n ch

dr n h r w uch h h y wr p rp r d of c h o m c hn

gu n w h o n T h w h h p p n w h n yo u hu ng r f or f r d om

wh n you w n o br k ho c h n o fo pp r o n No h ng m o

m r 96

f h c cou n n 1 985 w c n h h d y n gu g o f fr d om n d cou r g

h r c co un n 1 98 9 w c o n d r b y m or d r m c n d g r ph c

W nn M nd 1989 w pr n w h n r d T h c h dr n w r

c on gr g d h c hoo u w ob oc k w y f rom h r w

Th r w n ng p o c mn n gh h m b u h yw r c d

o h c n W h n h y f r d v m mu n o n on h c hoo ch d r n

wh n H c or P r on w v y r o dch d w r pp d o p c h

bow d ng ng n h r w h h h r n y r od r cr m ng

n d ry ng o g h r up h r m n of h r br oh r b od y no n g

c h d h dp ck d up v n p c of o o f ng h p o c T h po c

h o n d c rm n y k ng w o v r h ou n d ch d r n 97

Qu d f rom h obv ou m k G b y h p o n d ou h W nn

M nd y r r bo h x gg r d h rro nd h of h m cr

wh pro ng h gov rnm n nf d d of wh h h d don 98

W nn M nd 19 89 B f or h S ow o u pr n g w v r y nv ov d

n or g n n g h p o p n dc on c n n g h m b ou h x r m y d n

g ro u u on h w d v o p ng T h gov r nm n r g r d d m

h v ng p y d m o r ro n h f or m o n of h o rg n o n n d n

g n r y n cour g ng h ud n m ncy o w rd h A h ough

w ou d b w on d rf u o m g n h h v u ch org n o n p ow r

w m d n o h nk w r p on b for h h ng 9

Wh v r h ru h of h ory w f r h S ow o u pr n g o nM y 16

1977 h W nn M nd w onc g n d n d n d h n b n h d o h

m owno fB r ndf o r f o ur h o ur wyf r omJ o hnnbur g

C o n cuo n

M ny n rr v h v b n co n ru c d r ou nd W nn M nd Ou o f h

cc op hon yo fd c or d n m g on h ng m r g c r y h n h o rc

cor c n r o h off c m mory n d h c o c v m mory of r

nc h r f m ou h u b n d

9 6 M nd M y So u 1 14

9 7 D n E H R u L v o f Co ur g W om n f or N w S ou h A fr c N w Y or k 1 98 9

102

8 G b y T h L d y 1 12

9 9R u L v o fCo ur g 1 02





28/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 611

Th r r r kng m r b w n h v n n 1976 nd h o ur

round ng h c v of h M nd Un d Foo b C ub no h h p r

on who r y c m o W nn M nd d f n o n bo h occ on w

G o rg B o w k no wn w y rwh oh d r pr n d h M n d f m y o n

o h r o c c o n

W h r n 1976 n 1991 po b y h h w x rm y

c u o u w h n d n g w h 1 00 W nn M n d ? T h r r oo m fo r do ub T h r

m yh v b n om r uh n h g o n g n h r Th qu on h n

why dd h b ck off mpor r y n d n h n d m py b n h

h r o B r nd fo r ? m po r n o co n d r h A N C r o F or x m p

po b h h r b n hm n o Br ndfor rv d bo h h nd h ANC

m u p p urp o W h ou d r oy ng h r r nd r d h r n f f c v n d

r m ov d h r fr om h c n r o f r n c F rom h A NC p r p c v m n

n d h r m r yr m g w h k p ng h r ou o f pr o n An c do v d nc h

h v n n x n 1976 h A NC f r d h r vo y n d n ub ord n

po c T h TRC 1 998 r on h r g cd c o n w hr g rd o h

nv g on n d pro c u on of M dk M nd pp r o h v b n n f u

nc d rong y by h po c c rcum nc nd n v of h p r od 0 1

m u dd n y ppropr o o h 1970

N o nM nd 1994 ugg on h h p r h d h d wg d

c on n uo u c mp g n o c om pr om h w f 02 m y no h v b n h f r

f c h d T h w n x r o rd n ry mo m n n S ou h Afr c h o ry D K r k

r pr n n g h N on P r y n d h p r h d g ov rnm n w n go ng

w h N on M nd h d r of h A fr c n N o n P r y S ou h Af rc

m o p o w rf u r n c o rg n o n f or h r n f r o f po w r n d d mo cr

o no fSo u hA fr c W h n pu b c bo h d r w r k ng p o c o u

o n n h r h A NC nor h N o n P r y h d com p y b n do n d m ry

ou o n n d c hor g n o nw n n on k p n g up h p r u r o n n go

o n by c on n u ng m o y c ov r m r y r g y A h nc b c om b un

d n y c r f ro m h v d n c b f o r h T ru h n d R co nc o n Co mm o n

h g ov r nm n h d n f r d h r n c w h n fo rm r nd c o b or o r o

f ur h r u nd r m n h A N C r o v S uc h n fo rm r w r o f n c r f c d wh n

h y w r f ound ou r m n po b y h r for h h k dn pp ng b

n g n d mu rd r of S om p S p n do h r w r p r o f c om p c d p o o

u nd r mn n o o n yW nn M nd r p u on b u o h o f h A NC

u nb o con ro h r nd N on M nd h m f H ow v r v o nc p c y

v g n r r b u v v o nc g n g d n form r nd co b or o r h d

b c om n d mc n h ow nh p 1 03 no dou b p r y n r p on o y r o f

n u on d v o nc on h p r of h nd g n hu q u y

po b h h h d nd d o con ro nd conf rm h po b y

100TRC Report 578

1 01 b d

10 2 M n d L on gW k 5 84

03Th ere w ere 400n ec k ace k n gb e t we en 1984and 1987G b e yTh e L ady 146





29/31


r p or d b y h W k y M & Gu r d n n 19 97 h h r h d b n c ov r up

g o ng o h g h v o f h g o v rn m n n d po b y n v o vn g co u o n b w n

h A NC n d h cur y forc n h p r h d r 104

A n 1 97 6 w h n h A N C w b n n d n d x c p f or f w u nd r gr ou nd

c no p r n c n h c oun ry W nn M nd w on h rown h m b y

c ho c S h d d n o f h r f c cou n b o n y of h n r n c om mu n y or

po c ruc ur h m Sh gnor d or r pud d r p d f for by h

M nd C r C om m n d oh r com mu n y d r o br ng h r n o n 1 05

n 1 97 6 h A NC p r n c n h o wn h p w r g y y m bo c M ur ph y

M or ob p k o f w o o d r A NC c v o w ho m h y ou h u rn d f or d v c

H o p k o f c r n w r n of h ANC w hc hw c r n y hor d up

b yR d o Fr d om br od c n o So u hA fr c o wh ch c hoo u d n n d

n cr nd o of n w r n of h n d o k p h ng g ong Bu m

g ro up o f o d c v r n d r d n f f c v b y b nn n g or d r n d n x m ov

m n r p r n d o n y h ro ug h r d o br o dc n d m ug g d c op o f S ch b

d d n o m k p ow r fu o r r b b c k ng L k h y o u h of S ow o W n n

M nd n y c d on h rown T h qu on r m n w h h r ANC d

r n x c m o p rc v h r oo pow rfu nd uncon ro b W m y

n v r kn ow h n w r T h ro ug hh r ow n n c h n oo rou y r u c n o

g rn n r v w h p g o f m nd h d ruc o nof r cord oo mu ch

h b n o Th w ngn of h m d nd m ny com mn or o d p r g

h r h ro ug hb r y c onc d x c om m n b ou h r o ok h r ch r c r n d

h r x u y c o mp ou nd d b y ru mo r o f h r x r m r r o n h p 1 06 f ur h r

comp c d h p c ur nd mudd d mp c r y nd x p n on B u

m por n o con d r h p rn n d con d r h po b y h h w

u d o r h h n u rn h d u d or b u d h y ou ng p op u nd r h r pr o c

on

1 04 W k y M & Gu rd n W nn g S p m b r 12 1 99 7 Af rk n r po nd

ou rn An Krog o comm n on h po b y h N on M nd h m f m g h h v

n r p on b f or c ov r u p S A n K ro g C ou n ry o f My S ku G u S or ro w n d h

L m o f Fo rg v n n h N w S ou h A fr c N w Y or k 1 99 8 2 94 9 5

1 05 Th M D m oc r c M ov m n w hc h m rg d n h 1 98 0 o r p c h A NC m d

h f o ow ng m n W r of h v w h Mr M nd h bu d h ru nd

c on fd n c wh ch h h n oy d ov r h y r S h h no b n m m b rof n y of h

d moc r c ru c ur of h U DF o r Co u n d h h of n c d w h ou c on u ng h

d m oc r c m ov m n N um r ou f for h v b n m d o r con c h c on f c b w n M r

M n d nd h c om mu n y O n v ry oc c o n Mr M n d h c ho n o d r g r d h

n m n of h commu n y T h ANC m d m r m n n h gh o fr por bou

c v n h r c n p our org n on r d o u nf unc o br ng b ou h

d b n d n g of h g ro up U nf or u n y o ur c ou n w n o h d d b y Co mr d W n n M n d

Th u on h b n fur h r comp c d by h f c h h d d no b o ng o ny ruc ur nd

h r fo r d d no b n f f ro m h d c p n c ou n n g nd c o c v y of h M D m oc r c

M ov m n Q uo d n T R C R p o r 5 77 7 8

06 G b y pu g n y h ccu o m d o h c omp ny of m n n h r n nd

w n w u nc om fo r b ro un d h o d m n wh oc m b c k n o h r f h y p n

m og h r Th L d y 2 37





30/31

CONTROLLNGWOMAN 613

Wh v r h r x c ro n h mm d f r m h of h upr ng W nn

M n d b c m o n o f h m o p r om n n v o c n h A fr c n c om mu n y o f

h o wn h p A y ou ng 30 y r o d h r y mp h y w h B c k Con

c ou n p h o op hy n d p rop on n T h you h h d n n b c om h r

n w c on u n cy f r h r r f ro m pr o n n d r u r n o S ow o n 1 97 5 Sh

pp r d n p o c on o ho d h u hor ccoun b nd d m nd

r r n Sh o c v y n r vn d nd mon r on h w r bou o d o

f ur h r c on fr on o n S h w h c o f ou nd r n d p ok w o m n of h B c k

P r n Comm wh ch w f orm d m md y o r y o n rpo ymp

h c d u v o c b w n h y ou h n d h p o c A w y h oc work r h

v d h f m of h vc m

A f r h r r u rn f ro m B r nd fo r o S ow o n 1 9 8 6 h v r y q u ck y b c m

po c y c v g n Sh c d n op r v for h A fr cn N o n Con

gr A NC m r yw ng U mk ho n ow S w M K n d pr ov d d n c

o M K c dr nf r n g h c ou nr yf rom n g hb or ng n 1 98 6 h

w n r um n n h r o u o nof n n rn conf c w h n h O r nd oW

b r nc h of h S ow o Y o u h Co ng r w h ch r u d n h f o rm o n of h

M nd Un d Foo b C ub

A o f h c v m d h r h rg of h cur y forc n h 1 970

n d g n n h 1 980 B u W nn M nd w on y on m on g v r w om n

w ho p r c p d n h rugg g n p r h d xh b n g pow rfu d r h p

k nd r cu ng oph c d cr q u o f h nd po c nd

oc m ch n m o f oppr on T h p r h d r p d y u d v o nc

nd h hr of v o nc w p on o con ro uch wom n c v E n

Ku w yo M m ph R mp h E mm M h n n L n Ng oy Ru h F r n d

H n Jo ph xp r nc d bu r u of h r rfu o rm n p v n

h f c o f opp r on h c oon r g m n d r d on g nd r con r n

w ou d h v h d h m do A h ou gh W nn M nd ow nv oc u v nd

d f n v n of h h r ory h r common h m w h o h r Afr c n

w om n n r r v nd x p r nc n n c o on nd n p r h d rugg

H r o ry u mn h d f f cu r o o f wo m n nv ov d n p o c ru gg T o

d ff rn d gr h nw h m po c c v h u d wom n ro

mo h r n d wv g n h m o und rm n h r d r hp n d r o v

W nn M n d ory p rh p h mo prom nn B u o p r cu r y

r v ng of h w d p r d n d r rb ff c o f oppr on on f m y f

nd ch d rn H r ory r v bo h h c our g nd h ug n h w h

c on q u n c o f u c ho pp r o n n d h b u rr n g of h n b w n c o b or o r

n dr r v c m n dp r p r o r W om n o wn po c p h o op h n d

c o n of n c h ng d h o o f h m n r m r nc m ov m n n wh ch

g nd r conf c x d much n oc y rg B c u r d o n o f n

d p r g ng x v w o f wom n w r p rv v oc y h m d nd gov

rnm n w r nc n u on h r d nd ncy o dp c uch c v

w om n w c k d wo m n

T h m n b f or h C 6 Com m on n 1 97 6 nd 19 77 w r m por

n f or h v d nc h y r v d of h m h od h p o c u d o p rov h

c d n d ud n w r u d Through h r p p r nc b f or h





31/31

614HELENAPOHLANDTMCCORMCK

Comm on n d n h x of h r m n h y w r forc d o prov d h

o r h v dnc h wou d xon r h po c mpor n n h

c on x o r m mb r h h h r ng o f h Co mm o nw r n r y pu b c n d

r p or d o n d y b y h p r T h yw r m uc h n x r c n h p n g pu b c

op n on n d conv nc ng wh h h ud n h d c d n y und r h

g u dnc o f h A NC n d ou d r h y w r n x rc n x on r ng h

po c nd m p c n g o mon nyon Th y r v d nc o f h x n

o wh ch ph y c c o rc on o r h h r o fp hy c c or con w u d o h p

h ory h h w n d nd n d d oh v h rd Th y r x mp of h

c o nc o fphy c nd d o og c v o n c b n on ob r ng h ru

o r of h p r c p n nd h r y of h r x p r nc rn h ng h r

cr d b y nd nc ng h r v oc C ugh b w n h wo ud n nd o h r

w n from w h n h u pr n g foug h o m k h m v h r d n dof n

o

F or h h or n h mpor n qu on r m n h ow o d ngu h b w n

f c nd fc on b w n h p r o f h m n h mu b ru nd h p r

h w f br c d T h x m p of h mon b for h C 6 Comm on

r v d n ough v d n ry n d fc u m r noug h r nform on n

h m v r f b hr ou gh o h r o ur c h o n c n b c r n h y w r

n p r p rod uc o f h wr r o r p k r o wn h nd or m mor y Th r o

v d n c h ho who h d b n co rc d n o wr n g u ch m n nd h n

r p ro du c ng h m b f or c om m o n or c ou r r d o r h c o rc o n n d

m k h r own vo c h r d n h c r c d n who pp r d n

c ou r r c n d h r m on y n d p ok o f h c r cu m n c u n d r wh c h h y

h d b n f orc d o w r or g n h r m n W h n o n of h c or co nw

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