control a sample that is treated like the other experimental groups except that the independent...
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Control
A sample that is treated like the other experimental groups except that the
independent variable is not applied to it.
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VariableFactor that can be changed
in an experiment
Independent The variable that is changed
Dependent The factor being measured
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Independent Variable• The variable that YOU change in the experiment
50 mL water 100 mL water 200 mL water
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Dependent Variable• The variable that
responds to the independent variable
• What changes because YOU changed something
50 mL 100 mL 200 mL
Height of Plant=(affects)
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Mixture • Two or more
substances put together that can be easily separated.
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Solution
• A mixture of two or more substances dissolved to form one substance (difficult to separate).
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Physical Property
•A characteristic that can be observed or measured
Shiny
Red
Soft
Box = 9 cm long
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Density• Describes how much matter is
packed into a given space
More Dense Less Dense
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Physical Change• Change in which only the physical properties
change, you still have the same substance
breaking a pencil dissolving sugar in water
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Chemical Property• Describes how a substance will react
with other substances
A bike left out in the rain can rust.
Paper is flammable. (it can burn)
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Chemical Change• Change in which new substances
form that have different properties from the original substances
Rusting Metal ChainBurning match produces
smoke and ash
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ElementElementa pure a pure
substance substance that is made that is made entirely from entirely from one type of one type of
atom atom
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•Smallest part of Smallest part of mattermatter
•Made of protons, Made of protons, neutrons, and neutrons, and electronselectrons
•Non-livingNon-living
ATOMATOM
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form when two or more atoms form when two or more atoms join together chemically join together chemically
MOLECULEMOLECULE
HH
OOHH HH HH
HH22
HH22OO
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COMPOUNDCOMPOUND
a molecule that contains at a molecule that contains at least two different elementsleast two different elements
All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds!All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds!
HH
OOHH HH HH
HH22
HH22OO
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ATOMIC #ATOMIC #
the number of protons on the number of protons on the nucleusthe nucleus
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ATOMIC MASS/MASS #ATOMIC MASS/MASS #
# of # of ProtonsProtons ++ # of # of
NeutronsNeutrons
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SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES
PROTONPROTON ++ INSIDEINSIDE
NUCLEUSNUCLEUS
NEUTRONNEUTRON 00 INSIDE INSIDE NUCLEUSNUCLEUS
ELECTRONELECTRON -- OUTSIDE OUTSIDE NUCLEUSNUCLEUS
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FAMILY/GROUP = FAMILY/GROUP = COLUMNSCOLUMNS
•elements have elements have similar propertiessimilar properties
•the elements in a the elements in a group have the group have the same number of same number of electrons in their electrons in their outer orbitalouter orbital*some exceptions in the transition metals
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PERIODS = ROWSPERIODS = ROWS
Elements Elements have the have the
same number same number of atomic of atomic
orbitals in a orbitals in a period period