contributions to the knowledge of decapod fauna

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF DECAPOD FAUNA (CRUSTACEA) FROM THE ROMANIAN COAST

OF THE BLACK SEA

IORGU PETRESCU, ANA-MARIA BfiASESCU

1995

On presente une synthkse des donnkes sur les collections scientfiques de dkcapodes du Museum d'Histoire Natmelle "Grigore Antipa".

pp. 99-146 Trav. Mus. I-list. nat. ((Grigore Antipa))

Grlce aux transformations profondes produites par les hommes sur le littoral roumain de la Mer Noire le nombre des espkces de decapodes a diminue de 26 (Bacescu, 1967) jusqu'a 10 (entre 1989 et 1994).

Vol. XXXV

The changes which appeared in the Black Sea during the last 50 years have been very deep, especially on the western coast, the richest living area.

The result was the gradually decreasing of water salinity caused by the huge quantity of freshwater of the canal Danube - Black Sea (after 1984) and the overflowed waters from Agigea area. The quantity of polluting elements flowed into the sea by rivers, especially by the Danube, as well as the eutrophication degree increased. In 1991 the greatest algal blooming of the marine waters of the Romanian coast took place. Polluting sources on the sea shore developed and diversified. Hydrotechnical constructions on the Danube and on shore (dams, seaports at Agigea and Mangalia) also influenced a deep change especially of the biotope; the increasing of the shore erosion while the rich submarine area of Agigea faded away almost entirely due to the port Constanla Sud - Agigea, during '80s.

As a result of these human interference it was established a decreasing of the species and populations number.

Protecting actions, which are very necessary, begin with proper evaluation of the ecosystem state at the respective date and with faunal inventory.

Most of the decapod species originate in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The last species which penetrate up to here, 40 years ago, Rhitrhopanopeus harrisii tridentatus Maitland is from the Atlantic Ocean. The

100 IORGU PETRESCU. ANA - MARIA BALASESCU

low salinity of the Black Sea, in comparison with the neighbouring seas prevent from distribution other species which now are mentioned only from Bosphorus area (Eriocheir sinensis and Callinectes sapidus).

The first decapod collectings from the Romanian waters and mentions in the Romanian specialized literature belong to the founders of Romanian oceanography, Grigore Antipa, and Ion Borcea. Their work was fruitfully continued by Mihai Bacescu and his collaborators from the Marine Researching Station "Ion Borcea" of Agigea, the Romanian Institute of Marine Researching of Constanta and from the "Grigore Antipa" Museum of Natural History of Bucharest. In 1967, Bacescu published the monograph of Romanian decapods and in 1971 the first quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the Black Sea benthos was published. They are the only reference data for the previous period before the large changes beared by this ecosystem. Gufy (1980) made an analysis of decapod fauna evolution and established a severe diminishing of individuals and of the species number at the end of '70s.

Accordingly a new investigation on decapods is necessary. It has to include the changes which appeared after the huge hydrotechnical constructions were built.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We studied Romanian references from the beginning of the century up to now. Data were completed with those of the collection of "Grigore Antipa" Museum of Natural History, the only one which has a decapod collection.

By favour of Acad. Mihai Bacescu we could use the unpublished results of the studies made by the researchers of the museum, led by his excellency, in the rocky areas between Constanra and Vama Veche during the period 1963 - 1967. Also, we used the results of the sorting made to the whole Romanian shore, especially of the material collected from the stations from sandy areas, during the campaigns of the laboratory of Marine Researching of Constan@ between 1954 - 1968.

To them we add the original results of the decapod study made between 1993 and 1994 (July - August), from the stations from Constanta to Vama Veche.

Conditions in which the collectings were made in 1993 (the beginning of July) were atypical, the marine water temperature being low (17 - 19'C). Because of this collecting area was limited to Agigea and Eforie Nord. During 1994 (July - August) the temperature reached 24 - 25°C but the sea wasn't still, the collecting being disturbed. This might explain why there was no capture in the sandy area excepting 2 specimens of Diogenes pugilator.

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS (ROMANIAN COAST OF BLACK SEA) 10 1

Collections were made by free diving, using a hand net. Investigated surface was constant, well marked, lager in the stations from the sandy areas. Working conditions allowed us to do only some less numerous collections, good only for a qualitative valuation. For the same reason we had to limit the stations to the section between Constanta and Vama Veche, not going northwards. The temperature and depth were measured in every station.

Below we present the list of collecting stations (Fig. 1): Station I - Constanla, between the port dam and Casino, 30.07.1994.

Protecting dam of southern sea-wall of Casino, formed of large limestone blocks and of stabilopods covered with a few red and green algae and mussels. Maximum deep: 3.5 m. Temperature: 23 - 25°C.

Station 2 - Agigea, the last dam of South Constan@ port, towards Eforie Nord, 27.07.1994. Perpendicular dam on shore, made of large limestone blocks and stabilopods, covered with Cladophora (prevalent), Ulva rigida, Ceramium rubrum and Enteromorpha intestinalis, without mussels. Deep: 2m. Temperature: 23 - 25°C. The newliest built dam.

Station 3 - Agigea, the last dam of South Contanta port, towards Eforie Nord, 27.07.1994. Freshwater contribution by the canal Danube - Black Sea opens near the port. Stony bottom with isolated rocks, covered with Ceramium (prevalent), Ulva, large concentration of Mytilus. Deep: 2 m. Temperature: 24°C.

Station 4 - Eforie Nord - dam, 5.07.1993. Dam of limestone blocks, smaller than those from Agigea, perpendicular on shore. northern side. Covered with Ceramium (prevalent), Enteromorpha and Mytilt~s. Deep: 3 m. Temperature: 15 - 16°C.

Station 5 - Eforie Nord - sandy area, 6.07.1993. Fine sandy bottom. deep: 1.5 m. Temperature: 18°C.

Station 6 - Eforie Sud - dam, perpendicular on shore, 29.07.1994. Limestone blocks covered with Ceramium (prevalent), Enteromorpha and mussels. Deep: 1.5 m. Temperature: 2 1°C.

Station 7 - Tuzla (between Tuzla and Costine~ti), 1.08.1994. Stony bottom with large concentrations of mussels and isolated boulders, without rock of a large size. The capture was made under the boulders. Rough sea. Few algae - Cladophora, Ceranzium. Deep: 2 m. Temperature: 2 1°C.

Station 8 - Costine~ti, 3 1.07.1994, southwards locality, in front of the students' camp. Rocky bottom, isolated big rocks, with cavities, covered with very large concentrations of Mytilus, with few algae (Ulva, Ceramium). Deep: 2 in. Temperature: 23°C. Slightly rough sea.

Station 9 - Schitu, 3 1.07.1994. Rocky plateau to southern Costine~ti, isolated boulders with dense groups of mussels and section with Enteromorpha without mussels. Deep: 1.5 m. Temperature: 2 1°C.


C o l l e c t i . n g places

1 Constants

3 Eforie Nord

4 Eforie Sud

6 Costinegti

10 Vama Veche

Fig. 1 - Localities from which the decapod crustaceans were mentioned (Romanian littoral of the Black Sea)

DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS (ROMANIAN COAST OF BLACK SEA) 103

Station 10 - Mangalia, small gulf in front of the T.B. Sanatorium, 3.08.1994. Gulf limited by stabilopods. rocky plateau with big rocks with cavities, covered with Ceramium and mussels, small boulders with Enteromorpha and Ulva, numerous submerged sulphurous springs with whitish sediments around them and without fauna excepting fishes. Deep: 2 m. Temperature: 23°C. Freshwater contribution by springs.

Station 11 - 2 Mai, southernmost dam of Mangalia port, 4.08.1994. Perpendicular dam on shore formed of big limestone blocks and of stabilopods covered by mussels, Ceramium (abundant) and few Ulva. Low visibility, possible pollution from the port. Deep: 2 m. Temperature: 24OC. Freshwater contribution from Limanu Lake within the port area.

Station 12 - 2 Mai, sandy area, 4.08.1994. Sandy bottom among rocks. Deep: 2.5 m. Temperature: 24°C.

Station 13 - 2 Mai, rocky area, 4.08.1994. Limestone plateau with isolated rocks, with cavities, covered by Mytilus, Ulva, Ceramium, sections with Cladophora without mussels. Freshwater contribution from Limanu Lake. Deep: 2 m. Temperature: 22°C.

Station 14 - Vama Veche, 5.08.1994, 6 km southwards 2 Mai. Limestone plateau with big isolated rocks with cavities covered with mussels, small areas with Ulva. Rough sea. Deep: 2.5 m. Temperature: 2 1-22'C.

In 1993, 5 samples with 6 16 spec. of 6 species were collected. In 1994, 12 samples were collected with 2 194 spec. of 6 species. Within the 2 years 9 decapod species were collected.

Area where they were mentioned were marked on squared maps in U.T.M. system, according to Lehrer and Lehrer (l990), as follows:

Locality U.T.M. Locality U.T.M. coordinates coordinates

" "

1 2 3 4 1. Agigea PJ 38 13. Mangalia PJ 35 2. Bisericuta PK 55 14. Navodari PK 30 3. Capul Midia PK 31 15. Portita PK 65 4. Cornorova PJ 35 16. Razelm PK 56,57,66 5. Constants PJ 38/39 17. Schitu PJ 36 6. Costinesti PJ 36 18. Sf. Gheorghe QK 06/07 7. 2 Mai PJ 24 19. Sinoe PK 43 8. Eforie Nord PJ 38 20. Sdina QL 0011 0 9. Eforie Sud PJ 37 2 1. Terkirghiol PJ 37

10. Enisala PK 47 22. Tuzla PJ 37 1 1. Golovita PK 45 23. Vama Veche PJ 24

104 IORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA BALA$ESCU

Records were included in 4 chronological groups: 1. till 1941, the year of the publishing of Grigore Antipa's monograph

dedicated to the Black Sea. 2. from 1942 to 1966. data included in the fascicle "Fauna Rominiei"

("Romanian Fauna") which deals with the decapod crustaceans (Bacescu, 1967). 3. between 1967 - 199 I . a period with sporadic records in literature and in

the collections of the museum. 4. results of our own researching in 1993 and 1994.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Decapod species will be presented according to the present order from "Decapoda, Fauna Rominiei" (Bacescu, 1967).

FAM. PALAEMONIDAE Palaemon (Palaemon) adspersus Rathke, 1937

(Fig. 2 A -D)

1926, Constants, mud with mussels. abundant in nature. Borcea, 193 1; 1926, Tuzla, mud with mussels, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea. sand, very abundant in nature, Borcea. 193 1 ; 1936, Agigea, Cystoseira, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1948, Agigea, Zostera, very abundant in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Tabacarie, 40 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Agigea, 19 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Agigea. Bacescu. 1967; 1954, Agigea, hundreds of spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1954. Sinoe, 1 spec. in collection. Bacescu; 1957, Agigea, st. 547, 1 spec. in collection. Bacescu; 1957, Romanian waters, 8 spec. in collection, Porumb; Romanian waters, 6 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1969, Agigea, sand, Gum, 197 1 ; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1979, Sulina, sand, 13 spec. in collection, Galdean; 1980, Romanian waters, sand, in process of disappearing, Gutu. 1980; 1991, Tuzla, rocks, 6 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1991, Costine~ti, rocks, 5 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, dam. stone, 67 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balavescu.

The species appears sporadically in our samples, being mentioned with a larger number in Eforie Nord, together with P. elegans (less numerous in Eforie Sud) only in 1993. in conditions of a water with a low temperature. We cannot explain if temperature had a certain importance because P. elegans lives better in waters with a low temperature.


Fig. 2 - A-D - Records of the species Paloenion udspers~~s Rathke A, 1926 - 1936; B. 1948 - 1954; C. 1969 - 1991; D. 1993

106 IORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA B&A$ESCU

Palaemon (Palaeander) elegans Rathke, 1837 (Fig. 3 A - D)

1925, Constanta, sand, Borcea, 1928129; 1925. Agigea, Cystoseira, Borcea, 1928129; 1926, Agigea, sand, Borcea, 1926127; 1928. Mamaia, sand, Borcea, 1928129; 193 5, Agigea, Cystoseira, 200 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1942, Agigea, hundreds spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1946, Agigea, 10 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, Cystoseira, thousands spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Tabacarie, mussels, 10 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Agigea, 5 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1949, Sulina, sand, 12 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Sulina, 25 in collection, Bacescu; 1952, Agigea, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Agigea, wreck, 7 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Agigea, stone, 30 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Sulina, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Romanian waters, 4 spec. in collection, Porumb; Romanian waters, 10 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 196 1, Tabacarie, Bacescu, 1967; 1970, Agigea, 25 spec. in collection, Gutu; 197 1, Romanian waters, very abundant, Bacescu & coll., 1971 : 1971, Vama Veche, stone, a few, Tiganus, 1972; 1980, Romanian waters. more abundant south to Mangalia, Gutu, 1980; 1988, Mangalia, stone, 5 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1989, Mangalia, stone. 3 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Costine~ti, dam, 55 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Eforie Sud, dam, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, 2 Mai, dam, 12 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, 2 Mai, stone, 9 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1991, Mangalia, stone, 57 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 199 1, Costine~ti, stone, 120 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Agigea. st. 3, stone 16 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, st. 4, dam, 326 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1993, Eforie Sud, dam, 17 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Constanta, st. 1, 8 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Agigea, st. 2, dam, 222 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Agigea, st. 3, stone, 237 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Eforie Sud, st. 6, dam, 186 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Tuzla, st. 7, stone, 20 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Costinevti, st. 8, stone, 189 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Schitu, st. 9, stone, 9 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Mangalia, st. 10, stone, 231 spec. in nature. Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 11, dam, 6 13 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994. 2 Mai, st. 13, stone, 199 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu; 1994, Vama Veche, st. 14, stone, 60 spec. in nature, Petrescu & Balasescu.


Fig. 3 - A - D - Records of the species Palaemon (I'alueander) eleguns Rathke A. 1926 - 1942; B. 1946 - 1961; C. 1971 - 1991; D. 1993-1994

108 IORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA BALASESCU

Fig. 4 - A - C - Records of the species Afhanas nilescens (Leach) A. 1928 - 1938; B. 1946 - 1966; C. 1967 - 1970


According to our samples the highest density occurred in station 11, when the sea was still (379 QQ and 234 60.

FAM. ALPI-IEIDAE Athanas nitescens (Leach, 18 13)

(Fig. 4 A - C>

1928, Agigea, under stones, Borcea, 1931; 1934, Comorova, 6 spec. in nat~lre. Bacescu, 1967; 1935, Agigea, under stones, hundreds spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1935, Agigea, 350 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1938, Agigea, 68 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1941, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 1946, Agigea, Cystoseira, 39 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1959, Comorova, stone, algae, 15 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1960, Romanian waters, st. 71, Bacescu, 1967; 1962. Mamaia, sand, sporadic, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1963, Mamaia, stone, 5 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1964, Agigea, stone, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1964. Mamaia, stone, 10 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll. ; 1967, Vama Veche, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1969, Agigea, in algae, Tiganu~, 1975; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, stone, rare, lucifuge, GUN, 1980.

It was not found in our samples.

FAM. HIPPOLYTIDAE Hippolyte longirostris (Czerniawsky, 1868)

(Fig. 5 A - C)

1928, Agigea, under stones, Borcea, 193 1; 1928, Agigea, 6 spec. in collection, Borcea; 1933, Agigea, 58 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1933, Agigea, Zostera, 25 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; Agigea, 130 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1935, Agigea, 10 spec. in collection, Bacescu, 1936, Agigea, lighted algae, 20 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1938, Agigea, stone, 24 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1939, Romanian waters, 4 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1946, Romanian waters, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1946, Mangalia. Cystoseira, 12 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967: 1950, Agigea, stone, Ceramiurn, 49 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Tabacarie, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1956, Agigea, st. 35 1,20 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1959, Mangalia port. 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1972, Vama Veche, algae, Tiganu~, 1972; 1980, Romanian waters, stone, algae, very rare, Gutu, 1980.


Fig. 5 - A - C - Records of the species Hippolyte longirostris (Czemiawsky) A, 1928 - 1938; B, 1946 - 1959; C, 1972


Fig. 6 - A - Records of the species Hij>pol.v/e inermis Leach. 1946- 1948; B. C. Records of the species I,+v.~rnata seticalrdato (Risso). B. 1934 - 1937; C; 1950 - 1957;

D - Records of the species Yrocessapon/iccr (Sowinsky). 1935


It was absent in the stations we collected.

Hippolyte inermis Leach, 18 15 (Fig. 6 A-)

1946. Mangalia, stone. algae. 2 juveniles, Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, stone, night, Bacescu. 1949; 1954, Agigea, st. 46, 30 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll.; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, stone, disappeared, Gutu, 1 980.

It was absent in our samples.

Lysrnata seticaudata (Risso, 18 16) (Fig. 6 B, C)

1934 - 36, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1937, Agigea, Cystoseira, 2 spec. in nature. Bacescu, 1967; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1; 1950, Agigea, under stones. 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967: 1957. Agigea, winter, 5 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967: 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared, Gutu. 1980.

It was absent in our stations.

FAM. PROCESSIDAE Processa pontica (Sowinsky, 1982)

(Fig. 6 D)

1935, Agigea, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1941, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared, Gufy, 1980.

It hasn't been identified in our samples.

FAM. CRANGONIDAE Crangon crangon (L., 1758)

(Fig. 7)

1926, Agigea, sand, Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Constanta, mud, mussels, abundant, Borcea, 193 1; 1926, Tuzla, Borcea, 193 1; 1927, Eforie Sud (Carmen Sylva), Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Constanta, sand, rubble, Borcea, 1928129; 1928, Agigea, abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Tekirghol, very abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; Sinoe, 6 spec. in collection, Borcea; Romanian waters, 6 spec. in collection, Borcea; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1946, Agigea,


Fig. 7 - A - C - Records of the species ('rungon crungon (L.) A. 1926 - 1936; B. 1946 - 1966; C, 1978 - 1979

114 lORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA BALASESCU

many spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Eforie Sud, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Portita, hundreds spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Tabacarie, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Tabacarie, 6 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Sulina. 122 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Sinoe, numerous spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Agigea, Zostera, 17 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Agigea, 10 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Agigea, 33 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Portifa, very abundant, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Mamaia, 6 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Agigea, st. 153, 72 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll.; 1956, Agigea, 12 spec, in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Sinoe, st. 7, 32 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll.; 1957, Sulina, 38 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Sulina, very abundant, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Mamaia. 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; Romanian waters, 469 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1961, Mamaia, 1 spec./sq m, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1962, Mamaia, sporadical, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1965, Agigea, 1 juvenile in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1966, Agigea, 7 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1966, Vama Veche. 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1; 1978, Sulina, 35 spec, in collection, Murariu, Papadopol; 1979, Sulina, 205 spec. in collection, Galdean; Mamaia, pontoon, 4 spec, in collection, Bacescu; 1980, Romanian waters, sand, abundant, Guw, 1980.

The species wasn't found in any of our stations from the southern shore.

Pontophilus fasciatus (Risso, 18 16) (Fig. 8 A)

Mangalia, sand, stone, 6 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared, Guw, 1980.


Pontophilus trispinosus Hailstone, 193 5 (Fig. 8 B)

1948, Agigea, sand, 5 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Agigea, sand, 16 spec. in nature, Bacescu. 1967; 1950, Tabacarie, 15 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Mangalia, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Tataia (Constanta), 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Tabacarie, 20 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Agigea, 12 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Mangalia, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1. Agigea, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Mamaia, rare, Bacescu & coll., 1957; 1958, Agigea, 8 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 196 1, Mangalia, 1 spec. in nature, Porumb, Bacescu, 1967; 1966, Agigea,


some spec. after storm. Bacescu. 1967; 1971. Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 : 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared, Gutu, 1980.

Unfound by us.

Fig. 8 - A - Records of the species Pontophilzrsfascia~~a (Risso). 1967 B - Records o f the species Pontophilus trispinos~rs Hailstone, 1948 - 1966

FAM. CALLIANASSIDAE Upogebia pusilla (Petagna, 1792)

(Fig. 9 A - C)

1926, Constanta, mud, mussels, Borcea, 193 1 : 1927, Capul Midia, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea. sand. mud, a few, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1935, Constanta, thousands spec., Popovici, 1940; 1938, Constanp, Popovici. 1940; 1939, Constanp, Popovici, 1940; 1941, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 1948, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu, 1949, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Portip, 30 spec. in the stomach of Acipenser sttrrio, Bacescu, 1967; 1954, Portita, 30 spec. in nature, 30 spec. in collection, Bacescu, 1954, Agigea, st. 86,96, 98, 108, 109, 11 1, 227 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1954, Agigea, 4 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Agigea. st. 149. 164, 170, 268, 271, 388, 6 spec in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971 ; 1956, Agigea, st. 320,388.3 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1956, Constanp,


Fig. 9 - A - C - Records of the species Upogebiap~~silla (Petagna) A. 1926 - 1939; B, 1948 - 1962; C. 1968 - 1970


st. 432, 452, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1957, Agigea, st. 530, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1957, Romanian waters, 7 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957. Constanta, st. 432, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1957, Mamaia, Agigea, Bacescu & coll., 1957; 1957, Sulina, hundreds spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Mamaia, after storm, 104 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1967, Agigea, after storm, thousands spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Sulina, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Constanta, 24 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1959, Navodari, a few, Bacescu, 1967; 1959, Sulina, 260 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1962, Mamaia, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1968, Capul Midia, in light, 274 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1968, Capul Midia, 750 spec. in collection, Bacescu; Constanpi, 64 spec. in collection, Bacescu; Romanian waters, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1970, Sulina, 20 spec. in collection, Bacescu, Mayer; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, frequent, Gutu, 1980.

It was absent in our captures.

Callianassa (Trypaeta) truncata Giard & Bonnier, 1890 (Fig. 10 A)

1948. Agigea, Zostera, at night, larvae, Bacescu. 1967: 197 1, Romanian waters. Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared. Gutu. 1980.

It was absent in our captures.

Cnilinnnssa (Callichirt~s) pontica (Czerniawsky, 1884) (Fig. 10 B)

1948, Agigea, sand. mud. Zostera, larvae, Bacescu, 1949: 195 1, Mangalia, larvae, Bacescu. 1967; 1954, Agigea, 8 larvae in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980. Romanian waters, disappeared, Gutu, 1980.


FAM. PAGURIDAE CIibanarius erythropzn (Latreille, 18 18)

(Fig. 10 C)

1935. Agigea, 5 spec. in collection, Bacescu, 1939. Agigea, stone, 201 spec. in nature, Codreanu, Bacescu, 1967; 1965, Agigea, rare. Bacescu, 1967; 1965, Mangalia, rare, Bacescu, 1967; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, very rare, Gup, 1980.

It wasn't captured.


Fig. 10 - . A - Records of the species Callianassa (Trypaeia) lrztncala Giard et Bonnier, 1948; B - Records of the species Callianassa (Callichirus) ponlica (Czemiawsky), 1948 - 1954;

C - Records of the species Clibanari~ts eiyihropus (Laireille), 1935 - 1965


Diogenes pugilator (Roux, 1828) (Fig. 1 1 A - D)

1904, Sinoe, 3 spec. in collection, Antipa; 1926, Agigea, sand, Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Sinoe, Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Constanya, abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1927, Eforie Sud (Carmen Sylva), Borcea, 193 1; 1927, Capul Midia, mussels, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Constanfa, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea, very abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Tekirghiol, very abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 1949, Agigea, 8 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Agigea, sand, mud, 82 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1951, Eforie Nord, tens of larvae, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Agigea, 6 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1954, Agigea, hundreds spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1954, Agigea, st. 64, 97, 99, 100, 108, 117, 132, 9 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1954, Sulina, st. 60, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1954, Sf. Gheorghe, st. 58,78,46 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1955, Agigea, 18 stations, 141 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1956, Agigea, st. 101, 3 12, 345, 352, 427, 464, 17 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1956, Eforie Nord, st. 4 18, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1956, Mangalia, st. 338, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 197 1; 1966, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1977, Eforie Nord, 50 spec. in collection, Gutu; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, sand, frequent, Gutu, 1980; 1990, Eforie Sud, 4 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Costine~ti, 155 spec. in collection; Petrescu; 1991, Costinesti, 39 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, st. 5, sand, 378 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Eforie Sud, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Eforie Sud, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 12, sand, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu.

We mention for the first time that this species might use the small shells of the juveniles of Rapana venosa (this statement bases on the presence of 6 specimens from Costinesti, 2 specimens from 1990 and 3 from 1991 and from 2 Mai 1 specimen from 1994) (Fig. 12).

FAM. PORCELLANIDAE Pisidia longicornis (L., 1967)

(Fig. 13 A - C )

1926, Constanla, mud, mussels, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1927, Capul Midia, mussels, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea, stone, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1935, Agigea, stone, Bacescu, 1967; 1936, Agigea, stone, Bacescu, 1937; 1941, Romanian waters,


Fig. I 1 - A - D - Records of the species Dio,qcnespr~gilaror (Roux); A, 1904 - 1928; B. 1949 - 1962; C. 1977 - 1991; D. 1993 - 1994


Fig. 12 - Specimen of Diogene.vp~~gilu/or in the shell of Ropunu venosa, juvenile. 2 Mai (Photo: M. Marinescu)


Antipa, 1941; 1946. Agigea, stone, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, many larvae, Bacescu. 1967; 1948, Agigea, wreck with mussels, hundreds spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Agigea, wreck with mussels, 180 spec. in nature. Bacescu, 1967; 1950, Agigea, 19 spec. in collection, Bacescu; Romanian waters, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1951, Agigea, under stones, very abundant, Bacescu, 1967; 1951, Agigea, wreck with mussels, 140 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Agigea, wreck, 227 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Mamaia, 13 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1961, Agigea, stone, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1961, Agigea, Bacescu & coll., 1963; 1965, Agigea, under stones, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1966, Agigea, under stones, 6 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1967, Vama Veche, under stones, 10 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1970, Agigea, sand, Phyllophora, Tiganu~, 1975; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, rare, Gum, 1980.


FAM. MAJIDAE Macropodia aegyptia H. Milne Edwards, 1834

(Fig. 14 A)

194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1; 1954, Mangalia, stone, algae, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; Romanian waters, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1980, Romanian waters, disappeared, Gum, 1980.

It hasn't been found by us.

FAM. PORTUNIDAE Liocarcinus arcuatus (Leach, 18 15)

(Fig. 14 B - C)

1926, Agigea, stone, abundant, Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Constan@, mud, mussels, abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1926, Tuzla, mud, mussels, Borcea, 193 1; 1928, Tekirghiol, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 1946, Agigea, 35 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Romanian waters, 5 spec. in collection, Bacescu; Romanian waters, 13 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Agigea, st. 84, 85, 20 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1955, Capul Midia, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Sulina, 81 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1956, Agigea, 18 stations, 205 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1957, Agigea, st. 566, 4 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1967, Agigea, under stones, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, mud with Phyllophora, frequent, Gum, 1980.


Fig. - 13 - A - C - Records of the species Pisidia longicornis (L.); A, 1926 - 1936; B, 1946 - 1966; C, 1967 - 1970



Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso, 18 18) (Fig. 15 A - D)

1926, Agigea, sand, typical, Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Mamaia, very abundant, Borcea, 1926127; 1927, Constanw, sand, rubble, Borcea, 1928129; 1927, Eforie Sud, Borcea, 193 1; 1927, Capul Midia, Phyllophora, Borcea 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea, abundant, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Tekirghiol, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1934, Mamaia, 4 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1935, Constants, Oceanographical Inst., 10 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1946, Agigea, Zostera, Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, hundreds spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1948, Agigea, 8 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Agigea, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Agigea, 150 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 195 1, Agigea, Phyllophora, 80 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1954, Mamaia, sand, 13 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1954, Mamaia, 38 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Mamaia, 100 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Mamaia, 38 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Capul Midia, 166 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1955, Agigea, st. 277, 295, 19 spec. in collection, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1956, Agigea st. 339, 346, 347, 348, 358, 12 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1957, Portita, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Mamaia, Bacescu & coll., 1957; 1957, Romanian waters, 24 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Romanian waters, 1 spec. in collection, Porumb; 1958, Agigea, 1 spec, in collection, Bacescu; 1961, Mamaia, rare, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1962, Mamaia, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1963, Mamaia, 20 spec. in collection, Gomoiu; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll.. 197 1; 1977, Mamaia, 1 spec. in collection, Negoescu; 1977, Eforie Nord, 50 spec. in collection, Gutu; 1978, Mamaia, 1 spec. in collection, Negoescu: 1980, Romanian waters, sand, frequent, Guw, 1980; 1990, Costinevti, 10 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, 2 Mai, sand and stone, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, st. 5, sand, 1 spec. in nature, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Bala~escu.

As regards this species it has been made some taxonomic remarks. The species from the Black Sea, as well as that one the Mediterranean, was considered L. holsar~~s (Fabricius, 1798) (syn. Macropipus holsatus Fabricius). Later researching (Lewinsohn & Holthuis, 1986 and Noel, 1992) established that L. holsatus is distributed only in the Atlantic Ocean, not in the Mediterranean which is the range of L. vernalis (it occurs in the east of this sea, too - Cyprus).

The species present in the museum collection (608 adults and juveniles) correspond mostly morphologically to the description of the species L. vernalis:


Fig. 14 - A - Records of the species Macropodia aegypria H. Milne Edwards, 1954; B. C - Records of the species Liocarcinz~s arcuatus (Leach). B, 1926-1 936; C, 1946- 1967


Fig. 15 - A - D - Records of the species Liocarcinus vernalis (Risso); A, 1926 - 1936; B. 1946 - 1963; C, 1977 - 1991; D. 1993


Fig. 16 - Liocarcinzrs verna1i.s (Risso) (up - dorsally. down - ventrally) (Photo: M. Marinescu)


Fig. 17 - A - D - Records of the species Carcinz~s uestuorff Nardo; A. 1906 - 1936; B. 1953 - 1962;

C. 1970 - 1991: D. 1994


carapace with 3 frontal teeth equal in length (in L. holsatus the median tooth is longer), carapace integument with small granulations and rare pilosity (absent in L. holsatus), pereopod V merus is twice longer than wider (ratio in L. holsatus is 1.5). Unlike the features mentioned by Noel for L. vernalis from the Mediterranean Sea, our spec. has short hairs in the apical end of the pereopod I11 propod (Fig. 16). As most of the features correspond to those of L. vernalis we conclude that the mentioning of L. holsatus for the Black Sea by Romanian and foreign authors is wrong (as well as for the Mediterranean Sea).

Carcinus aestuarii Nardo, 1847 (syn. C. mediterraneus Czerniawsky, 1884)

(Fig. 17 A - D)

1906, Constanfa, 3 spec. in collection, Antipa; 1926, Sinoe, Tuzla, numerous spec., Borcea, 1926127; 1926, Constan@, mud, mussels, 2 spec. in nature, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea, Cystoseira, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Mamaia, Borcea, 1931; 1934, Mamaia, 3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1941, Romanian waters, Antipa, 1941; 195 1, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1953, Sulina, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1954, Tabacarie, stone, many spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1958, Agigea, tens 99, Bacescu, 1967; 1958, Agigea, 11 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1962, Mamaia, sand, rare, Bacescu & coll., 1965; 1970, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Papadopol; 1971, Romanian waters, Zostera, abundant, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, stone, algae, frequent, Gup, 1980; 1989, Mangalia, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Eforie Sud, dam, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1991, Tuzla, stone, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 199 1, Costine~ti, stone, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 199 1, Mangalia, stone, 4 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1994, Schitu, st. 9, stone, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu. Bala~escu.

It was found in a single station.

FAM. XANTHIDAE Pilumnus hirtellus (L., 1766)

(Fig. 18 A - D)

1926, Constanya, mud, mussels, some spec., Borcea, 1931; 1927, Capul Midia, mussels, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1928, Agigea, sand, rubble, Borcea, 1928129; Mamaia, 1 spec in collection, Bacescu; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1938, Agigea, on shore, after frost, 67 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1941, Romanian


Fig. 18 - Records of the species Pilurnnzrs hirtellus (L.); A. 1926 - 1938; B. 1948 - 1966: C, 1967 - 1991: D, 1993 - 1994


waters, Antipa, 1941; 1948, Agigea, 6 spec. in collection, Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Agigea, Zostera, 42 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Agigea, 8 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1950, Tabacarie, sand, 4 juveniles in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1951. Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Romanian waters, 10 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1962, Agigea, under stones, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1964, Agigea, 50 spec, in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1964, Mamaia, under stones, 3 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1964, Agigea, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1965, Agigea, 14 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1965, Tabacarie, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1966, Agigea, 9 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1966, Vama Veche, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1967, Vama Veche, 4 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1971, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Constantinescu, Muradian; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, frequent, Gum, 1980; 1990, Eforie Sud, dam, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Costinevti, stone, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, 2 Mai, stone, 10 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1991, Tuzla, stone, 2 spec. in collection; 199 1, Costine~ti, stone, 10 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Agigea, st. 3, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, st. 4, dam, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Agigea, st. 3, stone, 4 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Tuzla, st. 7, stone, 2 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Costinesti, st. 8, stone, 2 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Schitu, st. 9, under stones, 3 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 11, dam, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 13, stone, 4 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Vama Veche, st. 14, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu.

We have found it in 9 stations.

Xantho poressa (Olivi, 1792) (Fig. 19 A - D)

1925, Constan@, rocks, cavities, Borcea, 193 1 ; 1926, Agigea, Borcea, 1926127; 1928, Agigea, Borcea, 193 1; 1934, Mamaia, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters, Antipa, 194 1; 1951, Agigea, wreck, mussels, 7 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Comorova, Bacescu, 1967; 1951, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1952, Agigea, 62 juveniles in collection, Bacescu; 1957, Romanian waters, 5 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1961, Agigea, clogging with loess, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1963; 1962, Agigea, 2 spec, in collection, Bacescu; 1963, Agigea, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1964, Agigea, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1966,


Fig. 19 - A - D - Records of the species Xanrhoporessn (Olivi); A. 1925 - 1936; 1951 - 1966; C. 1969 - 1991; D. 1994


1 Fig. 20 - A - C - Records of the species Eriphia verrucosn (Forskal); A, 1926 - 1936;

B, 1956 - 1962; C. 1969


Agigea, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1967, Agigea, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1969, Agigea, 1 1 spec. collection, Bacescu; 197 1, Vama Veche, Tiganus, 1972; 197 1, Agigea, 3 spec. in collection, Constantinescu, Muradian; 197 1, 2 Mai, 1 spec. in collection, Guyu; 197 1, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, frequent, Gum, 1980; 1990, Costinesti, stone, 4 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, 2 Mai, stone, 3 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1990, Vama Veche, stone, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 199 1, Costinesti, stone, 7 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 199 1, Tuzla, stone, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1994, 'Constanp, st.1, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Agigea, st. 3 ,6 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Eforie Sud, st. 6, 2 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Tuzla, st. 7, 5 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Costinesti, st. 8, 2 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Schitu, st. 9, 33 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Mangalia, st. 10, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 13, 6 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Vama Veche, st. 14, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu.

It was mentioned from 9 stations studied by us.

Eriphia verrtrcosa (Forskal, 1775) (Fig. 20 A - C)

1926, Agigea, Constanla, rare, Borcea, 1926127; 1928, Agigea, Borcea, 1931; 1936, Agigea, Bacescu, 1937; 1952, Agigea, wreck, 8 spec. in collection, Pora; Romanian waters, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1956, Agigea, after frost, tens of juveniles, Bacescu, 1967; 1962, Agigea, after frost, 28 spec. in nature, Porumb, Bacescu, 1967; 1962, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1962, Agigea, after storm, 1 spec. in collection; 1969, Agigea, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1971, Romanian waters, stone, algae, Bacescu & coll., 1971; 1980, Romanian waters, rare, Gum, 1980.


Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus (Maitland, 1874) (Figs 21 A - C, 22)

195 1, Enisala, Razelm, sand, very abundant, Ziemiankowski, 195 1 ; 195 1, Babadag, Razelm, sand, numerous juveniles, Botosaneanu, Bacescu, 1967; 195 1, Golovip, 30 spec. in collection, Leonte; 1952, Razelm, Bacescu, 1952; 1953, Razelm, sand, mud, 4 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1953, Razelm, 12 spec. in


Fig. 2 1 - A - C Records of the species Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus (Maitland); A. 1951 - 1964; B, 1990; C. 1994

136 IORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA B&A$ESCU

Fig. 22 - Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus (Maitland) - up, male; down, female, dorsally and ventrally, 2 Mai (Photo: M. Marinescu)


collection, Bacescu: 1954, Tabacarie, stone, abundant, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Capul Midia, stone, 5 spec. in nature, Marcoci, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Bisericuta, stone, 20 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1955, Capul Midia, 1 spec. in collection, Marcoci; Gradistea, st. 33,3 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1956, Agighlol. Razelm, 5 spec., Bacescu, 1967; 1964, Mamaia, harbour, 1 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll.; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 1971 ; 1980, Romanian waters, rare, Gum, 1980; 1990, Sinoe, 4 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1994, Constan@, st. 1, dam, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Agigea, st. 3, stone, 5 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Mangalia, st. 10, stone, 9 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 11, dam, 2 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 13, stone, 22 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Vama Veche, st. 14, stone, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu, Balasescu.

With three exceptions (Capul Midia, Mamaia and Tabackie, north to Constanta), this oligobrackish species (the latest which reached Romanian waters - 195 1) was mentioned especially from the complex Razelm and Guw considered it rare in 1980. Now our researchings point out a larger distribution south to Constanta: Agigea, Mangalia, 2 Mai and Vama Veche. This distribution could be linked by some freshwater sources in these areas (the Danube waters by Canal, sulphurous springs and Lake Limanu). South to Constanta this species can be considered frequent (Fig. 22).

FAM. GRAPSIDAE Brachynotus sexdentatus Risso, 1827

(Fig. 23 A - C)

1928, Agigea, sand, Borcea, 193 1: 1936, Agigea, sand, 2 spec. in nature, Aurelia CiWiu~u, Bacescu, 1967; 194 1, Romanian waters, stone, clay, Antipa, 194 1 ; 1956, Mamaia, sand, after storm, 35 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1956, Tabacarie, 15 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1959, Navodari, after storm, 62 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1960, Sf. Gheorghe, sand, 2 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, mud, clay, frequent, Gum, 1980; 1989, Mangalia, stone, Uva, 1 spec. in collection, Petrescu.

It is absent in our samples.

Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787) (Fig. 24 A - D)

1926, Agigea, Constanfa, stone, very common, Borcea, 1926127; 1928, Agigea, Constanta, stone, Borcea, 193 1; 1930, Agigea, wreck, very abundant, Bacescu, 1967; 1936, Agigea, stone, Bacescu, 1937; 194 1, Romanian waters,

138 IORGU PETRESCU, ANA - MARIA BALA$ESCU

Fig. 23 - A - C - Records of the species Brachynotus sexdenlalus Risso; A, 1928 - 1936; B, 1956 - 1960; C, 1989


Fig. 24 - A - D - Records of the species Pachygrapszrs marmoratus (Fabricius); A, 1926 - 1936; B, 1946 - 1966; C. 1969 - 1991; D. 1993 - 1994


stone, supralittoral, Antipa, 1941; 1946, Agigea, wreck, 25 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1949, Agigea, 2 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1952, Agigea, 22 ,juveniles, Bacescu; 1957, Agigea, stone, 15 spec. in nature, Bacescu, 1967; 1957, Tabacarie, 1 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1958, Agigea, stone, tens, Bacescu, 1967; 1961, Agigea. on the beach, 54 spec. in nature, Bacescu & coll., 1963; 1966, Vama Veche, stone, 2 spec. in nature. Bacescu & coll.; 1969, Agigea, on the beach, 11 spec. in collection, Bacescu; 1971, Romanian waters, Bacescu & coll., 197 1 ; 1980, Romanian waters, stone. supralittoral. rare, Gum, 1980; 1990, 2 Mai, stone, supralittoral, 5 spec, in collection, Petrescu; 1991, Costinesti, stone, supralittoral, 12 spec. in collection, Petrescu; 1993, Eforie Nord, st. 4, dam, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Eforie Sud, st. 6, dam, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Costinesti, st. 8, stone, 9 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, Mangalia, st. 109, stone, 1 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu; 1994, 2 Mai, st. 13, stone, 13 spec. in nature, Petrescu, Balasescu.

It was collected from 5 stations in 1993 and 1994. From the beginning we have do some remarks on the collecting methods:

excepting collectings from 1993 - 1994, the others were not made especially for decapods; systematical collectings, made from a large number of stations, biotopes, were made only in the '60s by Bacescu and collaborators, but even then all localities were not covered; Agigea was the most studied locality along the years, here a station of marine researchings being present.

Due to reasons beyond our will, researchings from 1993 and 1994 last a very short period of time. They covered only the southern littoral (Constanp - Vama Veche). Also an underwater investigation at high depths which requires an autonomous diving equipment could not be made. Because of this the conclusions of our studies on species occurrence have a certain probability degree.

Future studies will have to cover these empty chapters: more numerous collectings, at higher depths, which cover all Romanian littoral.

Further on we present a situation of decapod fauna based on the present data:

"Fauna RomAniei" inventories 12 families, 21 genera and 26 species (Bacescu, 1967). In 1980 2 families, 5 genera and 8 species are considered extinct. From the 18 species, 7 were considered rare, in process of disappearing. These things are also confirmed by our own studies. Collectings made after 1980 mentioned only 10 species (9 in 1993 and 1994) (Fig. 25).

From the 10 shrimp species (5 families, 7 genera), 5 species disappeared (Hippolyte inermis, Lysmata seticaudata, Processa pontica, Pontophilus fasciatus and P. trispinosus). Other 3 species are considered rare, maybe in process of


Fig. 25 - Dinarnics of the decapod species records between Constanla and Vama Veche (1904-1994)


disappearing (Athanas nitescens, Hippolyte Iongirostis and Palaemon adspersus) (Gum, 1980). The only frequent species are Crangon crangon in the sandy areas north to Constanfa and Palaemon (Palaeander) elegans in the rocky ones from the southern littoral. The last one is the most frequent decapod crustacean of this biotope. Most of this species were mentioned from Agigea and Mangalia, from a small depth, under rocks.

Famiky Callianassidae: 3 known species, from them 2 species of genus Callianassa are extinct. The third one, Upogebia pusilla, was not found in our samples. Maybe the species prefere now the area from north to Constanfa, less influenced by man.

Family Diogenidae: from the 2 species, Clibanarius erythropus became very rare (rare before, mentioned from Agigea and Mangalia), Diogenes pugilator is continuously present on the sandy beaches but its population is also decreased due to the rare occurrence of gastropod Hiriia reticulata whose shell is used by this decapod. Lately it was remarked that it started to replace the shell with that of Rapana venosa.

Family Porcellanidae: has only one rare species, unfound by us (Pisidia longicornis).

Family Majidae and its representative in the Romanian waters, Macropodia aegyptia, are extinct now (before mentioned as rare at Mangalia).

Family Portunidae: consists 3 species relatively frequent, although their tendency is to become rarer. Liocarcinus arcuatus was not found in our samples. Generally this species occurs in muddy areas with Phyllophora from great depths (inaccessible to us); it was found at Agigea (here this kind of biotope was damaged by the port works), Constanp, Capul Midia and Sulina. The areas with Phyllophora became smaller after 1980 due to the intensification of the process of pollution and eutrophication, L. vernalis and Carcinus aestuarii became also very rare.

Family Xanthidae consists of 4 species. One of them, Eriphia verrucosa, considered rare by Gum being mentioned only from Agigea from very great depths, was not collected by us. Now it might be very rare. Pilumnus hirtellus and Xantho poressa are the most frequent decapods from the Romanian waters now. Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus has now a larger range than that one mentioned in '60s but it is insular being strictly bound of the presence of the areas with freshwaters.

Family Grapsidae is represented by 2 species, Brachynotus sexdentatus and Pachygrapsus marmoratus. The first one become very rare (one spec. was found at Mangalia, after 1980), long ago being frequent at Agigea in the sandy biotope (vanished now). The second one was considered rare by Gum, in 1980.


Later on we found more favourite biotope, rocky mediolittoral with cavities, is less influenced by human activity.

As regards the dams built for ports (Agigea and 2 Mai) and for the erosion protection of the beaches from the seaside resorts we remarked that here several decapod species occur especially if the dam was built long time ago and enough time passed for creating the algae and mussels the possibility for fixing on lime blocks and stabilopods. The largest distributed on the Romanian littoral now are rhe alga Ceramiurn rubrum and the mussel Mytilus. These dams have a good influences on stony decapod populations, especially on those of large dimensions.

We suggest these studies to be continued in parallel with the activities of diminishing the pollution of the sea water and of establishing the possibilities of protecting the biocenoses in which decapods are present, they being considered bioindicator of the environment state. The section between Eforie Sud and Mangalia comprises the habitats less influenced by the human interventions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All our thanks and gratitude to Acad. Mihai Bacescu for his kindness, putting at our disposal unpublished data of the researchings made by the teams led by him; to Prof. Dr. Gheorghe Mustafa, director, and his collaborators from the "Ion Borcea" Station of Marine Researching from Agigea. for his hospitality during our researchings; to Mihai Stanescu for processing data; Adrian Balagescu for his valuable help in collecting the material; and Angela Petrescu. first author's wife for the moral support, so necessary in such circumstances.

CONTRIBUTII LA CUNOASTEREA FAUNEI DE DECAPODE (CRUSTACEA) DE LA LITORALUL ROMNESC AL MARII NEGRE

REZUMAT

Modific&ile survenite in ultimii 50 de ani in vastul ecosistem a1 M&ii Negre au afectat mai ales coasta vestica, zona cea mai bogata in viata a acestuia.

Fauna de decapode a avut $i ea de suferit ca toate celelalte grupe de viemitoare in urma impactului diverselor activitafi umane.

Studiul de fata incearca sa ofere o situatie a semnal&ilor speciilor de decapode la litoralul romhesc din 1904 $i ping in 1994.

Au fost cercetate toate sursele bibliografice rominevti incepind cu Borcea ~i Antipa. Au fost extrase date din evidentele colectiei de crustacee a Muzeului de Istorie Naturala "Grigore Antipa". La acestea s-au adaugat $i rezultatele unei investigatii proprii realizate in 1993 $i 1994 (14 statii intre Constanfa $i Vama


Veche). Ultimele mentiuni asupra modificarilor faunei de decapode datau din 1980 (Gum).

Se remarca o reducere accentuata a efectivelor $i speciilor de decapode de la litoralul romdnesc: Bacescu, in fascicula din "Fauna Romdniei" (1967), mentioneaza 26 specii, Gum, in 1980, doar 18 (8 dispmte $i 7 foarte rare), iar intre 1989 $i 1994, 10 specii (9 in 1993 $i 1994). Dinarnica acestei faune este ilustrata prin tabele $i carti caroiate in sistem UTM. Zonele care au marcat cea mai dramatica scadere a nurnmlui de specii sunt Agigea, Constanta $i Mangalia (care au suferit $i cele mai intense modificari).

0 cercetare viitoare de mai lunga durata, la addncimi mai mari, realizata $i la nord de Constanta, ar putea oferi o imagine mai exacta asupra starii actuale a acestui grup de crustacee considerate indicatoare ecologice.

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Received: February 15, 1995 Accepted: April 3. 1995

Iorgu Petrescu Muzeul de Istorie Nat~rrala "Grigore Antipa" 20s. Kisselefnr.1, 79744 - Bucure~ti. 2 Romdniu

Ana-Maria Balavescu Facultatea de Biologie Spl. Independenlei nr. 91-95, 76201 - Bucure~ti Romrinia

contributions to the knowledge of decapod fauna

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