contributions to arabic metrology. ii: early arabic glass weights and measure stamps in the benaki...

8/9/2019 Contributions to Arabic metrology. II: Early Arabic glass weights and measure stamps in the Benaki Museum, Athen…

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trology

ghtsandMeasureStamps

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NNU M SMAT CSO C E T

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S C O I N W E I G H T S . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. 2

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O F F I C A s . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. 3 9

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einthisseries C ontributionsto

NumismaticNotesandMonographs

singacata logueofearlyglassw eightsand

AmericanNumismaticSociety

956 thewriterstatedhisintention

guesofcertainunpublishedpublic

uchArab glassmetrologicalob-

aneventualcomprehensivetreatment

sedonthelargest possiblebodyof

ectionsarepresentedherewith:

uminA thens andthePeterR uthven

elseyMuseumofArchaeology

ganinAnn Arbor.

otheauthoritiesof thesetw omuseums

urtesyandcooperationin per-

collections andinmakingit

m inethemindeta ilandatle isure . In

idakis D irectoro f theB enak iMuseum

hsoftheweightsand measure

dintheearlyw intero f1960I hadthe

piecesatfirst hand.Mrs.H elen

denoughtotransferthecollection

esandtoa llow metow ork onit in

yearsagoDr. R ichardE ttinghausen

istenceofanimportantcol-

dmeasurestampsbelongingto

recordmy indebtednesstothe J ohnSimonGug-

dationandtotheAmericanCouncilof L earned

nabledmeto dothisandotherresearchwork

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ndin1957I w asabletoe amineapart

brie fv isit inA nnA rbor. I am

P eterson formerlyDirectoro f the

aeo logy w heretheR uthvenC ol-

otonlyforobtainingpermissionforme

alsoforarrangingtohavethe

inNewY orkforstudy.

ortantunpublishedmaterialto

enturyE gyptianglassmetrolo-

nakiMuseumcollection formedby the

nEgypt containsno lessthan25

theR uthvenCollectionalmostthe

rattentionisdrawntothe following

seumcollection: no . 2 ( aha lf

2 H . , n o. 3 0 ( a “ g r e at w u i y a h o f

n o . 3 4 ( a m ea s ur e f or h e nn a , n o . 3 7 ( a h a lf

n b .Y a i d wi th Y a i d b. H a t im ,

ahdisk -w eightsofMuhammadb. Sa id

a a n d no . 7 4 ( a m e a su r e fo r b ea n s . I n

hefollowingareespeciallynote-

) q i r t w ei g ht o f B i s h r b. S a fw a n t h e

ublished , no . 7( aq uarterratlo f

ameasureof f ruito f thegingerbreadtree

no. 15( ameasureof f ie ldcress L epi-

o . 18 ( a m ea s ur e o f pr i ve t B u u s d io i ca ,

ne “ g r ea t r at l r i ng - we i gh t s of I b r h i m b.

an d Y a i d b . Z i y d , n o . 3 8 ( a o n e-

d2 0H . , no . 40( afa lsw eightof

s hi d , a nd n o. 4 1( a “ g r e at w u i y ah o f

n boththe latterbeingunidentified

recorded.B othcollectionscontain

ndMamluk weightsandtok ens w hich

uturepublication.

ssaryduplicationandfor reasons

nsofpublishedtypesare abbrevi-

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e tsandtranslationsofpreviously

regiveninfull. B othte tsand

ticalwithonesin Contributions

, areomitted thete tsonlyaregiven

ere.Theprintingoftheselatter

rationofagoodmanyof thesepublished

believe j ustifiedbecausetheprin-

rit ishMuseumcata logue C asanova s

uetC o llection andP etrie scata logue

eCollection areverydifficultto

bicGlassWeightsandStampsis

bicMetro logy I ( p. v thehopew as

dentsworkinginthis fieldwould

publishingcollectionstowhich

use forsatisfactionthatseveral

measurestampshavemeanwhile

anF ahmy sE arly I slamicC o in

of theverynumerousUmayyadand

tsintheMuseumof I slamicA rtin

' s c a ta l og u e of t h e Ab d ul - W a ha b Co l le c ti o n ”

iptionofa few Umayyadw eightsand

useumandtheNumismaticCabinet

nois cata logueof the J eanMaspero

herpiecesintheC abinetdesM -

ow ic ' spublicationofa few piecesin

SNumismaticLiterature No. 46 J an. 1959

erecommentismadeonthedif f icultyofcolla tingthis

meL aunois. C f . a lsoG. C . Miles “ I slamicNumis-

port ” inC ongresso I nterna iona lediNumismatica

em br e 19 61 V o l . I ( R e l a i on i , R o m e 1 96 1 p . 18 8.

earsthedate1957butw asnotava ilableuntil1958

red.

6butnotseenby thew riteruntil1958.

de r i sl a mi s ch e n K u n st F e s ts c hr i ft f r E r n st K ü h n el

p p . 27 5 2 8 2 a n d F o r sc h un g en u n d B e r ic h te S t aa t li c he

a n d 3 / 4 B e r l in 1 96 1 p p. 1 8 2 4 .

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thesecontributions togetherw iththe

ngusclosertotheultimateob ective

lysisof thismaterial.

bedinthe followingpagesare

eplanofeachofthesecatalogues

arlyArabicGlassW eightsand

stoA rabicMetro logy I . D iameters

ndw eightsingrams. F o llow ingthe

pieceis theinventorynumberof

d by “ B . f o r B e n ak i “ R . f o r R u t h-

theob ectsintheB enak iMuseum

thoseintheR uthvenCollectionfor

casts.

li a K r a k w 1 95 9 p p. 1 5 - 4 .

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O NS

ssaB ey D ictionna iredesnomsdesplantesenlatin

ar a be C a ir o 1 9 0 .

oo le C atalogueofA rabicGlassWeightsintheB rit ish

1 8 91 .

evian I l lustratedPo lyglott icD ictionaryofP lant

6 .

s C ontributionstoA rabicMetro logy I ( A merican

smaticNotesandMonographs No.141 ,

erba lo fDioscorides. Theedit ionusedisR obert

ftheearly E nglishtranslationofJ ohn

1 9 4 .

pensatoryof theU nitedStatesofA merica 25thed.

nt : R . D o y S u p p l m e nt a u D i c ti o nn a ir e s Ar a be s 2 n d e d.

9 27 .

E arlyA rabicGlassWeightsandStamps( A merican

smaticNotesandMonographs No. I I I ) ,

M iles E arlyA rabicGlassWeightsandStamps: A

NumismaticSocietyNumismaticNotesand

, N e w Y o r k 1 9 51 .

es “ E gyptianGlassP harmaceutica lMeasuresof the

ourna lo f theHistoryofMedicineandA llied

96 0 p p. 3 8 4 - 8 9.

an F a h my S i na a l -s i kk a h fi f a r a l - s l m ( E a r l y

, C a ir o 1 9 57 .

. C asanova C ataloguedespi cesdeverredesépo ues

aco llectionF ou uet( M moires. . . de la

e F r an a is e au C ai re V I ) , P a r i s 1 89 .

K i t b k i mi y ’ a l - i t r wa t -t a s i d at B u c h i b er d i e

u nd d i e D e s ti l la t io n en v o n Y a q ū b b . I s h q a l -

n f r d i e K u n de d e s Mo r ge n la n de s X X X ) ,

o fandG. P . Sobhy TheA bridgedV ersionof“ The

ofA hmadibnMuhammadal-Gh f i í by

g( B arhebraeus , TheEgyptianUniversity

u b li c at i on n o . 4 C a ir o 1 9 2 1 9 40 .

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o de r n H e r ba l N e wY o r k 1 9 1 .

o lfGrohmann C orpusP apy rorumR aineriA

I I , A ra bi ca B d . I , 1 3 , V i e nn a I 9 2 – I 9

b a l - ā m i l i -m u fr a da t a l- a dw i ya h wa l - Ag h dh i

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o ls . 2 " , 2 5 an d 26 ) , P a ri s 1 87 7 1 88 .

s an d J u d ge s o f E g y pt e d . R h u vo n G ue s t E . J .

o l . X I X , L o n do n 1 9 12 .

m L a n e A n A r ab i c- n g li s h L e i c on L o n do n 1 8

E stampillesetpo idsfaiblesenverreomeyyade

rabeduC aire( E x tra itdesM langesI sla

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sM dailles: A . L aunois “ E stampillesetpo idsenv

sM dailles , inC ataloguedesé ta

i cesmusulmanesenverre( seebelow , pp. 5 .

. L aunois C ataloguedesé ta lonsmon ta iresetat

verrede laC o llectionJ eanMaspero P aris 1.

r A ManualF loraofEgypt B erlin 1912.

1 8 78 : E . T . R o g e rs “ U n p u b li s he d g la s s we i gh t s an d n

f theR oya lA siaticSociety 1878 pp. 98

furth A rabischeP f lan ennamenausA egyp

B e r l i n 1 9 12 .

lindersP etrie GlassStampsandWeightsil lustr

ctioninU niversityC ollege L ondon(P u

esearchA ccountandB rit ishSchoo

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“ D é n r a u , e st a mp i ll e s et p o id s m us u lm a ns e n v er r e

.Abdul-Wahab , ” inL esCahiersdeTun

7 - 9 0. -

tattha lter: F . Wü stenfe ld D ieStattha ltervonA gy

G t t in g en 1 8 75 - 18 7 6.

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F F I C A S

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o 2 A .H . : 7 2 0 7 2 1 A. D .

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ollection

ightsof I ogir taree ceedingly

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f rg .l ac ki ng ( B . 94 7 P L A T I

u uetC o llectionp. 3 67 no . 99 in-

orthepharmaceuticalusesof‘ adas

pl . p p . 45 4 6 a l so G a rb e rs p . 1 65 .

y h

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hick-peas( himmasmahshish .

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he 4 th l in e re ad U , # " b ro y , c on ca ss , ”

uc t ed . .. 1 ] . F o r J . - 4 " d e ss i ca t ed ,

I I I , a n d fo r t he p h al m a ce u ti c al p r o-

k -peas seeE A GSuppl. p. 2 .

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king andthe4thline isclearly

AM I , 29 , asonL aunois 54 56

U n i v er s it y C ol l eg e I o o — I O I .

himmas .

me o fA ll h : O r -

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e o f hi m ma s

5 P L A T I

I 1 6 i n C AM I , p . 9 .

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ollection

eandelsew here I haveread. . .a t

st e ad o f 4 -2 t h at i s “ t h e ma k in g ” r a t h er

” asI have inprev iouspublications.

ourse identicalinK uficscript but

tlessmorelogical. Thissuggestion

. Gliddeninhisrev iew ofC A MI in

ch a eo l og y 6 ( 1 9 59 , p . 3 2 .

a y d ul l h

I 6 1 24 A .H . : 7 4 7 42 A .D .

T S

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f A ll h :

sim

b ay du ll h

f a h al f

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0 k h a r r b a h. W i t h M us l im b . al - A r ra f . D a t ed

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s pl o tc h es 3 4 5 . 98 ( B . 9 4 8 6

4 5 .9 0 ( B . 9 48 0 P L A T I

efect anditsmisspellingis

p . 19 a nd E A G S up pl . p p. I I – I 2 . I n a

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ithSaf f rb. Shabbah. Dated122A . H. :

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8 P L A T I

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t. WithMuslimb. a l- A rra f . Dated119

w iththesameerrorinthespe ll ing

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( B . 9 4 6 P L A T I I

t ionsI haveplacedHafsb. a l-Walidbeforea l-Qā sim

butinv iew of thevery largenumberofhisw eightsand

believetheyshouldbeassignedto thelongerperiod

totheperiodbetween124and128A . H.

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H . ( p a r t : 7 2 7 A. D . "

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P L A T I I

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b . a l- W a l id ( E A G 2 5 , w h ic h I i n -

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year124.

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ardtothepiouse hortation a5y1

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ar w n

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m en t ar y ( B . n o i n v en t or y n um b er P L A T I I I

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whetherthe presentpiecehasathird

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i d.

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irector

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umC ollection

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at e . S e e al s o Ga r be r s p p . 20 8 2 o

ebotanicaland pharmaceutical

natearegiven.I nfootnote84in

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e d h en n a ( h i n n m ar d .

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tcerta inof themeaningof3 -

crumbledorbrok enintosmallpieces

henmoistened ” ora sorto fplaster ”

ned dissolved. Severa lmeasurestamps

attention butnonewiththis

heB enak iMuseumspecimen. I n1960

Societyac uiredanunpublished

a y d f or “ h e nn a f or t h e he a d ( J - 1 . U . ;

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sI I 9 a n d I 4 2 w i th t h e le g en d . .. . L .

A le andria anunpublishedpiecewith

M u s e d A r t et d H i s t o ir e i n Ge n ev a

mpwithL llt- . I nthe lattertw o

rdmightperhapsbethesameas

formedandomittedrespectively.

herew ithreferencetobreadmoistenedinbroth.

h r A D i c ti o na r y of M o de r n W r it t en A r ab i c ( I t h ac a 1 9 6 1 .

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umC ollection

sadyefortheha irandf ingers

rmis sometimescalledL aw soniaa lba

nceanti uityashavingcerta inmedi-

rides w hoca lleditK upros w rote

n AscalonandCanopusandthat

themouth asadecoctionforburns

nclesandinflammations.I n

nttimeshennahasbeenemployed

ndice leprosy small-po andsk indis-

tonotethattoday theDispensatory

occuringnaphthoguinonewith

nlaw sone( 3 -hydro y -1 4-naph-

ath

A . H . : 7 5 9 7 6 0 A. D .

ick-peas( himmasa l-abyad . With

h id .

hammad[ b.

a t h th e m ak i ng

ameasureofhimmasa l-a[ bya

d a tt he ha nd so f‘ A b d-

[ I ] [ u ll h b. R ā sh i d .

ag me nt o fr im ( B . 9 4 47 P L A T I V

obablysim ilartoEA GSuppl. 24

w hite isnotpreservedbutprobably

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1 2 4 ( G u nt h er p . 6 5 ; G r ie v e p p . 4 04 4 0 5 D i s pe n sa t or y

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5

n b . Y a i d

1 52 A . H . : 7 59 7 6 9 A. D .

T

y a h .

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6 . 2 5( B . 9 4 90 . P L A T I V

.

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T

h ‘ A b d al - R a h m n b . Y a i d .

f A ll h :

a nd s o f ‘ A b d

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:

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i d b. H â t i m

8 7 ( f r a g me n t la c ki n g ; t h ic k ne s s 1 8 1 6 8+

2 7 ( B . 9 46 6 P L A T V

eofstampB isdoubtlessalloil-1

atelybe low.

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umC ollection

T

ith Muhammadb.Shurahbil.

f A ll h :

mi r

db .H ă t i m

k eephimstra ight.

he na me of Al l h :

a t t he h an ds o fM uh am ma d

h b i l

6 X 2 8 ( p a r t o f to p o nl y

3 3 ( B . 9 4 42 P L A T V

oftheprefecthasbeen recon-

thseveralweightsandmeasure

esofYa idb. HatimandMu-

rtogether:U niversityCollege

2 L a u no i s 1 8 9 b i s a n d a n u np u bl i sh e d

mpintheMuseumof I slamicA rt C a iro.

mp.

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T S

4 7 I 4 9.

. 9 7 5 8

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7

0.

f r ag m en t ar y o n e ha l f la c ki n g ( B . 9 7 5 )

hy ]

r e ct o r s o m et i me c a. 1 5 2 1 5 7 ? ) A . H . : 7 6 9 7 7 4 ? ) A . D .

T S

b ah .

5 1 5 9 .

2( B . 9 47 9 P L A T V

r ag me n ta r y ( B . 9 4 94

fcationof ‘ Umarw ith‘ U marb.

l e da t es s e e CA M I , p . 6 2.

d

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T

. 9 50 ) P L A T V

oege 186 w hichhasastampon

dprefect snameandthatof the

tesrecordnoreversestampon the

butI mayhavefa iledtoe amine

6 – 6 4 w he r e th i s na m e is d i sc u ss e d.

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TS

i t h‘ U m a r b. Y a h y .

l h :

ir

b . Sa i d

f u ll w e ig h t.

:

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psare impressedonthesamea is

upside-dow nw ithreferencetostampA .

ay p at i na 5 9 X 5 ; t h ic k ne s s 9 3 6 . 50 ( i n ta c t

2 1 ( B . 9 46 9 P L A T V I

a b ou t 3 % l a ck i ng t h ic k ne s s 8 1 6 .6 5 +

: 21( B . 9477

olatthebottomofstampA is

p. 65. H. W . Gliddeninhisrev iew of

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mightbe theinitialofSalamah

tbearinghisname( C A MI , I 66

, butthepresentweightwouldnot

nordo I k now ofany instance in

ticsormetrologyoftheuseof an

TS

h.

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44 4 P L A T V I

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ol eg e 1 8 1 A . K m i e t ow i c , “ D é -

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n am e of A ll [ h : or de r of ? ]

m ir M uh a m ma d b.

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wu. q i yah ,

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4 P L A T V I

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mCollection

80 ( ? ) A .H . : 7 87 -7 96 ( ? ) A .D .

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erofdots:

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2 9 4 . 27 ( B . 9 4 8 7

w ronglycataloguedintheanonymous

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NT F I E D O F F I C A S

T

8-pointstarsurroundedby8pelle ts

u: * ~

w eightofaha lfdin r.

d.

2 2 2 .1 4 ( B . 9 50 6 P L A T V I

ou uetCollection p.3 77 no.9

ofa legendonthereverse.I tmay

uhammadb. Sulaym n: E A G 95.

T

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Collection

of

) .

t45X 40 thickness 20

: 18 ( B . 9 4 7 ) P L A T V I I

thesame asthatona vessel

m ( ? )

7 P L A T V I I

ll h a m on g t ho s e

y theamir. . . . . . . . .

9 4 6 5

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35/87

S CO I N W E I G H T S

y

o inventorynumber

sWeights

bah.

.

8 ( B . 9 48 )

7 ( B . 9 48 2

6 ( B . 9 47 8

ah.

eenclosedbyadottedcircle( an-

eatmid-pointoneachside :

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2 3 2 = F a hm y 3 4 9 - 5 0.

C r e a



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_ u s e # c c - b

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Collection

bah.

enclosedbya linearcircle :

t of a fa ls

an d t we n -

b ah .

1 4 .5 ( B . 94 85 P L A T V I I

m y 3 5 w i th o ut t h e s u a re a n d th e

b ah .

. 9 49 6 P L A T V I I

.

ah.

0 .

. 9 49 5 P L A T V I I

S D I S - W E I G H T

ht ] .

2 4 4 .9 9 ( B . 9 49 2 P L A T V I I

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_ u s e # c c - b

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S R I NG -W E I G H TS

.

8-259. I nscriptionofno. 67only

b a si c c ol o r un c er t ai n 4 7 X 2 X . 4 0 6 4 . 0

an d w or n ; s t am p 1 9 ( B . 9 4 71

basiccoloruncertain probablygreen

9. 70 ( i nt ac t s li gh tl y ch ip pe d ; s ta mp 1 9 ( B . 9 47 0

tiona lshape asimpleringw itha

theoutersurfaceatthe“top .

ck s t re a ks 6 1 3 2 1 4 8 9 .7 o ( i n ta c t ( B . 9 4 7 2

U S AND U N D E N T F I E D V E S S L

arterq ist.

. 9 45 5 P L A T V I I

1 7 8 a n d ma n y ot h er s . CA M I ,

L -5ratherthanl- i ll probablya lsohad

theflan.

ne( turmusnaf is .

6 0 P L A T V I I

mus lupine seeEA GSuppl. pp.

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Collection

sa m e- s ee d ( j u l u l n a b ya d .

0.

1 P L A T V I I

t i ls( ' adasmu ashshar .

4 P L A T V I I

7 2 F o u u e t Co l le c ti o n 6 5 7 1 . F o r t he

ensesculenta seeEA G Suppl.

? ) .

thlargesectionof thin( 2mm. w allo f themeasuring

A T V I I

i l l .

45 4 P L A T V I I

n p . 3 6 6 n o . 9o “ l e ct u re r e nd u e

duverre ” buttherecanbenodoubt

ould bethecommongardenor

ba L .

es s io n .

9 4 59

94 62 P L A T V I I

; B e d ev ia n n o. 3 5 9 0.

C r e a



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39/87

1 8 8 a n d cf . CA M I , 2 7 7 2 8 0 w i t h

ge n d. I n C A M I , p . I I . 5 I s u gg e st e d

o f f th e p ie c e o n E A G 1 8 7 b u t I n o w

. notonthedie , ashere .

6 ) P L A T V I I

A T WE I G H T

hirah.

hb .

h ( ? ) ,

escentpatina 22 2. 81( B . 9508

rthefather sname butI suspect

eandthatit is3 × ll asontw oun-

hts w hichI havenoted: one inthe

manGhalibinC airo andanotherin

Minneapolis.Both thesereadun-

3 3 - anddif ferf romthepresentpiece

scorrect only inhav ingaabove

below andastarbeneath. The

3 .65and5.79gramsrespectively.

aphotographof thepiece intheB enak i

itseemstome issuggestiveof

doubtthereforethattheindi-

ithapersonbythis namemen-

p . 19 9 -2 0 0 4 6 - 4 64 .

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U TH V E NCO L L E CT O N

F F I C A S

6 9 9 A .H . : 7 1 4 7 1 7 A. D .

o 2 A .H . : 7 2 0 7 2 1 A. D .

9 .

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y h

c a . 99 1 0 1 A. H . : c a. 7 1 7 7 2 0 A. D .

T

, 2 .1 ( R . 5 25 P L A T V I I I

w i th & l i n t h e t e t b u t to j u d ge

present.

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T

a h m .

y n

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opandparto fonesideonly , 80 59x 40+

4( R . 1695

uetC o llection 47 aw eightforaratl

S

2 .

6 P L A T V I I I

o f ol i ve o i l ( z a yt .

4 2 P L A T V I I I

ol eg e 9 2 a n d V i r , 3 . D e s pi t e th e

tothe lastletterinthethirdline

adingissure ly incorrect , I be lievethe

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enC ollection

A . H . : 7 20 7 2 1 A. D .

T

q i r t .

he a -

m i r B i s hr : . . . . .

nf ty

a bo ut * / . l ac ki ng 2 .6 8+ ( R . 8 7 6 P L A T V I I I

eatpity thatthisw eightisf rag-

ue insevera lrespects. Therecanbe

ctnessof thereadingandthe

thB ishrb. Safw an thef ine clear

risticofthedate.Themissing digit

obably “four ; thef re uencypeak

s4. 64grams andthew eightof this

w ouldprobablybe inthisne ighbour-

tso f twoof f icia lsearlierthanB ishrare

to fQ urrahb. Sharik " andoneof

ah b . Z a yd .

trologicalob ectofB ishrb.

officeasGovernorof E gypt

o n1 7R a ma d n I O I ( I A pr il 72 0 a nd wa sr e-

A pril721 .

eC abinetdesM dailles.

6 .

7 2 c f. a l- Ma r i i a l- h it at V * ( e d. G as to n W ie t

f r an a i s d A r ch o l og i e O r i en t al e d u Ca i re V o l . 5 , C ai r o

F . W ü s te nf el d D i e S ta tt ha lt er I , p . 42 G ro hm an n

, p .9 4.

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l- H a b h b

o 2 1 06 A .H . : 7 20 7 4 A .D .

T

g r ap e s ( ‘ i n ab .

sethings ordered

b y ‘ U b ay du ll h

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ra l lo fi na b

gh t.

only (appro imate ly3 % ofsurfacepreserved ,

( b ro ke na tt op ; 2 0. 40 + ( R . 9 76 P L A T V I I I

e f irstoccurrence sofarasI k now

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d thereadingsuggestedhereis

S

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8 4 , E A G 2 0 e tc . e tc .

0 71

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4 , E A G 2 1 E A G S u pp l. 4 e tc .

a lif o fA ll handthef ina lb o f

etranscriptions. Here itmusthave

e fourthline.

R . 160 0 P L A T V I I I

e ad s ‘ u b a b o n an u n pu b li s he d s ta m p in t h e L o u v re . F o r

t h e pa s sa g e in I b n a l- B a y t r c i te d b y V i r , s e e

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enC ollection

i s t . W i th J u n d h ah b . Ma y sa r ah . D a t e d

0 A. D .

[ l a- 5

4 2 ( R . 6 8 )

B M 3 9 2 . Th e n am e o f th e p re f ec t w as

3 7 ( a h a lf - i s t ; t h e re a di n g K h u r ra h

G 19 shouldbecorrected.

o f thegingerbreadtree( daw m .

ll h :

baydu-

bh b

. 72 4 P L A T V I I I

shedanonymousstampforthe

writerinthecollectionof the

nC airo in195 .

ef ruito fHyphaenetheba ica thedoum

rgingerbreadtree a largeA fricanfanpa lm

gypt Nubia Sudanandthesouth-

foundasfarnorthastheoasiso f

nsula.Thefruitcontainsafibrous

rbread.Thesupposedresinor

formerlyusedasadiureticand

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andthenutsareso ldtoday inEgyptian

thatthisfruit wassometimescon-

u b e f o r wh i ch t h er e a ls o e i s t gl a ss

C AM I 6 – 6 4 w he r e th e me d ic i na l

.

u re o f l up i ne ( t u rm u s ?

y d -

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ofa -

l -t ur m us ( ? ) , o n e- ha lf ( ? ) ,

ure .

98 P L A T V I I I

edstampissimilarto anun-

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robably thesameasF ou uetC o l-

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b a yd u ll a h

16 1 2 4 A. H . : 7 4 7 4 2 A. D .

T

i t h D ā ' ū d b . N im r . ( D a t ed 1 2 A .H . :

f A ll h :

im

b a yd ul l h

w ei gh t of o ne -t hi rd a t

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ea r

4 1( R . 8 74 P L A T V I I I

f a s c. I I I , p p . 49 – 4 9 6 w it h fu ll c om me nt ar y c f . L a n eI ,

n o . 18 9 4 M u s c hl e r p . 1 89 .

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enC ollection

uesofthis prefectareknown

allybeenmisreadorundeciphered:

u no i s 9 4 w h er e N im r i s ta ke n t o be ‘ U m a r

onadirhemw eightdated12 A . H.

eerrorin thespellingoftheword

sim ilarpiece intheUniversityCo llege

triedidnotattempttodecipherthe

e- h al f q i s t a l so d a te d 1 2 ( L a u no i s 8 5

U m a r ; a r at l of m ea t a ls o da te d 12 ( E A G

a f a r ( ? ) ) ; a o n e- h al f r at l o f me a t p r ob -

G S up p l. n o . 9 n a me r e ad . . . . . . b .

a m ea su re o fb la ck l en ti l s( E A G 3 8 f at he r s

asureof f ie ldcress( no . 15 be low ; a lso

eofw oaddated12 intheR ay

ndanuncerta inw eightorstamp a lso

aro ldW. Gliddenco llection.

ltyin readingthenameofthe

tailo f thef inaly o fyaday inthe

atedinthepresente ample. A lsoan

sNimron no.15 below.

notbeenableto identif yDā ' ū db.

min( a l-k ammin . WithMuslimb.

( 8 ) A . H .: 7 6 ? ) A .D .

A l l h : O r d e re d

[ l [ A l l h f ul l me as ur e a nd or de re d

makingofameasureofa l-kammin

l- Q ā s i m b.

U b a y d ul l h a t t he h a nd s o f Mu s li m

& b . al - A rr f y ea re igh t ? ) -

d o ne h u nd r ed .

f r ag me nt l ac ki ng a t bo tt om ( R . 6 8 2 P L A T V I I I

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ssortsofcuminarediscussedin

7. orthec uriousnameoftheprefec t

a n d A G S up p l. p p . 11 - 12 . T he d a te o n

eryobsc ure but118is uitepos-

eotherweightsandstampsbearingthe

d ii 7 ) , 1 1 9 q u i t e c om m on a n d

s a l -s i n b . W i t h D ä ü d b . Ni m r.

1A . D.

or-

d er ed A l l h f ul l me as ur e a n do r-

d e re d t h e ma k in g o f a me a su r e of a -

a l- Q ä s i m b.

b ay du ll h a t th eh an ds of D [ ä ] -

b .a -N im r s ic , ye ar

t h r e ea nd tw en ty

l at eV I I I

of theprefec t D ä ü db. Nimr

underno.13.H eretherecanbe

thepresenc eof beforeO ne

planation. Didthedie-engraverin-

forgetthel m O r wasanap-

eoftheotherweightsor stampson

thelineaboveappearstobeanalif

arstobecorrectbut isofferednot

happensthatthereis ameasure

r tamarind 1issuedbyal-Q ä simb.

a ï d b .a bi - a ï d .2 S ub b r i s we ll d oc u-

inn r latanusorientalis whosefruithadme-

n a l- B a y t r V o l . 2 5 1 p p . 90 a n d 38 5 .

c ollec tionofH aroldW. Glidden. C f . G M p. 386.

C r e a

t i v e C o m m o n s A t t r i b u t i o n - N o n C o m m e r c i a l - S h a r e A l i k e

/ h t t p : / / w w w . h a t h i t r u s t . o r g / a c c e s s_

u s e # c c - b y - n c - s a - 4 . 0


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enC ollection

calinbothmediaevalandmodern

ef inalle ttero f thew ordonthisstamp

w hereasonthepresentpiece itappears

orfourthletter ofthealphabet.

ne as“ asaucemadeofmustardand

ingtothebotanistsSinabbarriisL epi-

dcress w ildbastardcressorpepperw ort.

speppergrass oranycressof the

aringroundf la ttenedpods“ ofpungent

I I , 2 0 5 G u nt h er p . 2 16 s a ys t h at t h e

epidiumlatifo lium areusefulforsia tica

uotetheo ldE nglishtranslation “ the

takesawaypainesof yeteeth.

f i nd s i n b i n I b n a l- B a y t r o r L e p i d iu m

hemodernw ork sonmedicina lherbs and

lightdoubt astothecorrectnessof

i d

2 7 A. H . : c a . 7 4 7 4 5 A. D .

) , c a . 12 7 A .H . : 7 4 5 A .D .

S

veo il.

70.

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e p ro b ab l y “ m u s ta r d an d o il ( ~ 3 5 m i sr e ad f o r ~ 5 , a s m y

sout re ferringtotheMun id.

7 . L epidiumL . isa largegenusofnearly120species the

ighlyvariableanddifficultof discrimination

. L epidiumsativumL . ise uatedbySchw einfurth

shad.

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7

7 5 .

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bo ( a l-k atam .

A ll h : o rd e re d

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ir‘ A bda l-Malik

[ b . M ar w n t he ma ki ng of

fal-k atam

. 404 P L A T I X

milarunpublishedspecimenin

co llectionintheB rit ishMuseum.

wounpublishedstampsin thecol-

h: oneofHayy nb. Shurayhand

th e o th e r an o ny mo u s.

usdio ica privet. A ccordingtothe

theground-updriedleavesofkatam

asa hairdie.Takeninternallythe

ntvomitingandwasemployedas

byrabiddogs.A decoctionofthe

arationof ink . O ntheotherhand

nidentif icationw ithbags orbo

ns f o r wh i ch a l so t h er e m ay e i s t

m en t I I , p .4 44 ( F r en ch tr o n e ; A hm ed I s s a p .3 4 .

V o l . 26 , p p. 1 44 1 45 n o. 1 88 6.

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enC ollection

ispensatory statesthatvariousparts

v irensw ereusedinthe“daysof thera-

rheumatism malaria lfevers epi-

mecountriesthewoodhas been

nfulldosesit isnarcoticandse-

s emetico-catharticandconvulsant.

ndcatharticproperties.V arious

wereformerlymadefromtheleaves

F o u u e t Co l le c ti o n 9 , r e ad a s n a s h . Th i s is d o ub t le s s

AM I , 8 5 1 17 1 19 2 7 , w hi ch I r ea d I n ow

mishsh.

1 21 1 22 .

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O F F I C A S

1 41 A . H . : 7 51 7 5 8 A. D .

1-786A . D.

T

b a h.

o . 7.

5 . 84 ( R . 8 9 4

s o f

fs .

P L A T I X

larto F ou uetCollection

w hichisil lustrated.

ath

A .H . : 7 59 7 60 A .D .

am e s ee d ( j u l u l n a b ya d . W i t h

h id .

1 4 w hichispoorlypreserved.

4 P L A T I X

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ah

4 A. H . : 7 6 0 7 6 2 A . D .

T

ithMuhammadb. Shurahbil. A rt isan:

. 17 5 ) P L A T I X

0 ( = L a u no i s 1 8 7 . T he n a me o f t he

presentspecimenbutispreserved

umpieceandonahalf -din r

F ahmy 1 9 . Somedeta ilso f

e gi v en i n F a h m y p p. I o 9 I I o . A l-

I I ) i s s p ec i fi c a bo u t th e d at e s of h i s of f ic e :

o 2 D h u l - Q a d ah I 4 4 .

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53/87

4

i r ec t or s o me t im e c a. I 4 4 1 5 7 A. H . :

T S

k h ar r b a h .

0 w hereotherreferencesaregiven.

specimens( 199 201 , oneofw hich

.

R . 5 02

s e e CA M I , p p . 42 5 9 . Sa l am ah s

M I , p p . 57 5 8 ( c f . F a h my p p .

atstheattributionproposedinEA G

ah.

1—152 w hereotherreferencesare

( R . 1 61 7

T

.

s o f

ah P ] :

.

of c ob al t 3 0 t hi ck ne ss I I ; s ta mp 1 4 I 4 .6

htly f romthosegiveninWü stenfe ld D ieStattha lter

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54/87

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y

i r ec t or s o me t im e c a. 1 5 2 1 5 7 ( ? ) A . H . :

A . D .

6 .

46 5

d at e s of ‘ U m a r b . Y a h y , s e e CA M

d

? ) A .H . : 7 69 7 74 ( ? ) A . D .

T S

idb. a l-Musayy ib. A rtisan: Souerous.

acircle :

cle :

* -

r ev er se c hi pp ed ( R . 4 09 P L A T I X

niversityC ollege 185 andprobably

o a ha l f- d in r C A M , 1 6 . F o r S ou e ro u s

AM I , p p. 6 – 6 4.

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4

7 8 5 A. D .

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o fA ll h :

mmander

vers: w eigh-

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hishalf-dinarweight.Myfilesrecord

Mahdiw iththenamesof ‘ A simb. Hafs

s m ‘ i l b . I b r h i m M at a r M u ha m ma d b .

i r W ä d i h a nd . .. . .b .Z i y d ( ? ) .

T

ah P .

eo fA ll [ h :

i C o mm a nd e r

s

ercircularimprints arepre-

3 7 H X 2 7 + ; t h i c kn e ss 9 8 . 47 + ; i m pr i nt 1 5

be lieve thef irstrecordeddisk -

C r e a



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C ollection

. : 7 7 – 7 7 6 A. D .

TS

nstructedasfollows:

A ll h : O r d e r of

r m a w l o f t h e Co mm a nd e r

a i th f ul m a y be g e ne r ou s t o hi m

w u i ya h f ul l we ig ht .

a b ou t 3 % , 5 2 t h ic k ne s s 9 1 6 .6 7 + ( R . 4 9 6

rst recordeddisk-weightof

ofhis probablywiththesame

n st e ad o f w u i y a h , s e e E A G 9 4 .

we ig h t .

gularimprintaboveA :

.

m en t ar y 3 8 + x 2 7 + ; t h ic k ne s s 1 ; 1 5 .0 5 +

am p B : I I + X I o -H ( R . 1 6 42

s thereconstructionishypothe-

w u i y ah s ” s e e E A G 1 1 6 ( ‘ A b d al -

a n d CA M I , 2 5 8- 2 59 ( a n on y mo u s .

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4 5

m n ( ? )

. H . : 7 75 7 7 8 A. D .

T

w ithinlinearcircle 8-po intstar.

acesof3 - line ? ) legend perhaps:

d s of

? ) .

1 8 1 . 42 ( R . 8 2 2

G 95 96 w iththereverse legend

ycorrectly.

A . H . : 7 81 - 78 4 A .D .

74A . H. : 790/1A . D.

92A . D .

TS

A simb. Hafs.

nter:

e ft :

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58/87

C ollection

ht:

s of

f o r sm a ll c h ip a t t op r i gh t 7 4 X 8 X 4 4 4 9 2. 6

S ta mp B : 2 1 x 2 1 S ta mp C 2 1 x 2 1 ( R . 7 2 8

X

markablywellpreservedring-

byR ichardE ttinghausenincon-

adratlweightintheW altersArt

TheJ ournalo f theWaltersA rtGallery

7 6 f o ot n ot e 1 6 . O t h e r r ec o rd e d he a vy w ei g ht s o f

greatratl( w ithstampsA andB ,

u e t Co l le c ti o n p . 3 9 0 n o .4 4 r a t l s U n i ve r -

d B M 2 5 G o n e- u a rt e r gr e at r a tl U n i -

u n ce r ta i n we i gh t E A G I o 5 .

s ee E A G p . 10 7.

a i d b . Z i y d .

pA ofno. 33 , above.

m p B o f n o. 3 3 , a b ov e p a rt i al l y

ht:

s o f

opandonesideonly 70x 70+ x 45

mp B : 2 2 x 1 7 -- S t am p C 2 1 x 1 7 -- ( R . 8 9 )

ofY a idb. Z iy dappearsona

uetC o llection p. 3 86 no . 16.

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59/87

4 7

irector 168 169A . H. : 785 786A . D.

T

b. H afs.

. .

m en t ar y ( 1 / s mi s si n g , 2 9 2 . 58 + ( R . 9 7 7

completedbycomparisonwith

M 26 andUniversityC o llege 206.

know theonlypreservedweightsof

a l- A bb si. Hew asappo intedGover-

c to r o f E g y pt o n 1 D h u l - Q a d a h 16 8

ehis dutiesuntiltheendof

785 . H ew assucceededby ‘ A lib.

A pril/May 786 .

I I I , I * , p .1 4 a l- i nd i p p. 12 8- 1 1 c f. W ü s te nf el d

, p p. 1 4 1 5 .

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C ollection

80 ( ? ) A .H . : c a. 7 87 -7 96 ( ? ) A .D .

mp.

d s of

g me n t of r i m ( 2 0 m m . lo n g ( R . 1 9 1 )

b.Muslimalonehas hithertobeen

brofw eightsbearhisname( cf .

L a u no i s 2 4 0 - 24 1 U n i v e rs i ty C ol l eg e 2 5 0 ,

mpsincon unctionw ithM sab.

1 8 — 1 8 5 .

s ( ? )

0 A .H . : 8 4 — 8 44 A .D .

T

.

nt:

ethings orderedbythea-

s ( ? ) ,

4 2 x 3 3 + ; t hi ck ne ss 9 1 . 24 +

4 + X I 5 + ( R . 1 4 17 P L A T X

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4 9

sofA shin s glassweightsand

sk -weight(B M 27G , aring-weight

a n u np u bl i sh e d ri n g- w ei g ht w i th t h e Ca l ip h

rring-w eight( seebelow , avesselstamp

d e s M d a i l l es 1 ) , a n d ( p e rh a ps w i th

b s a n ot h er v e ss e l st a mp ( E A G S u p pl .

T

) . D a t e d 2 0 A . H . : 8 4. 4 /6 A . D .

A sh in - ? ) ]

e ma k in g o f it a t t he h a nd s o f

ma d b. [ B i s t m ( ? ) ] ,

i gh t o f a th i rd

yandtw ohundred.

t ar y t o p an d p ar t o f si d es 7 4 X 4 0 + X 4 ; 1 6 9. 9 4+

. I 4 56 ) P L A T X I

theprefectMuhammadisun-

. I t isq uite il legiblehereandthe

mostentirelyontwo otherweights

thofwhichthenameisverydubious:

a n e - o o le r e ad B i s t m w i th a q u e ry a n d

er e I t h in k t le . . .. c a n be r e ad . A s fo r t he

eofA shin s I be lievethiscanbe

oughonlythelettersin ispreserved.

( or“ three ? ) isenigmatic.W edonot

ce ismissing. If ithadtheusua l

veweighedagooddeal morethan

andtoo litt le forthreepounds and

ces.

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62/87

C ollection

h

. H . : 8 56 8 6 7 A. D .

T

7 butw iththe lasttwo linesnot

heyhadbeenonthat andother

A MI , pp. 8 – 84.

parto f topandonesideonly f inger-na ilprints

X 3 3 + X 5 4 1 9 . I O - H - s ta mp : 27 X 2 7 ( R . 8 5 4

decipheringthelast twolines

d w hichappearstobec -> ll w hich

X V I , 1 8 1 ( c f .E A G p p. 9 8 9 9 e tc . a n d

s ch s r e ma r ks ( B u l l . I n s t. d E g y pt e

p . 3 , f o o tn ot e I , a nd C AM I , p . 84 a bo ut

re lespr varicateurs.

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63/87

NT F I E D O F F I C A S

s h id

T

u a w i y ah

h i d w ei g h-

t o fa f al s f ul l we ig ht .

5 .7 5( R . 1 1 5 P L A T X

fepigraphyisU mayyadorearly

tw ouldcorrespondtothatof30k har-

man

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h .

ottom:

o f

tright: sameasA ( f ragmentary .

ter:

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64/87

C ollection

tle f t: chipped f ragmentary

0 X 3 3 + ; t hi c kn es s I I ; 1 8. 96 +

1 8 S t a mp C : I o - H St a mp D : ? ( R . 1 6 0 )

S on s of Y a h y 2

.a nd ‘ I s ,

ons of ( ? ) Y a hy ( ? ) .

f ra gm en t la ck in g , 7 .1 0+ ( R . 5 0 1 P L A T X I

parabletooneofI drisandM sa

p u bl i sh e d in C A M I , 2 0 ; a n d is a p pa -

lewellyn- hillipspiececitedthere

ege 249.Althoughtheresemblance

B y antine-A rableadbullaemay

arityissufficientlystrikingtomerit

ample onew iththe legend“ H asanand

id ” recently il lustratedinTheB rit ish

6 2 p . 1 7 p l . I V : G . B o n ne r G . M .M e re d it h -O w e n s an d

y a n ti n o- A ra b ic b u ll a . O t h e r e a mp l es a r e ci t ed t h er e .

aphynoearlier thanthe1 thc. butitis my

beasearlyasthe I oth.

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contributions to arabic metrology. ii: early arabic glass weights and measure stamps in the benaki...

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